Toxic materials in waste generally contain several components of the global trending pollutant category, especially PAHs and heavy metals. Bioremediation technology for waste management that utilizes microorganisms (bacteria) has not been fully capable of breaking down these toxic materials into simple and environmentally friendly chemical products. This review paper examines the potential application of a consortium of marine sponge symbionts with high performance and efficiency in removing PAHs and heavy metal contaminants. The method was carried out through a review of several related research articles by the author and published by other researchers. The results of the study conclude that the development of global trending pollutant (GTP) bioremediation technology could be carried out to increase the efficiency of remediation. Several types of marine sponge symbiont bacteria, hydrocarbonoclastic (R-1), metalloclastic (R-2), and metallo-hydro-carbonoclastic (R-3), have the potential to be applied to improve waste removal performance. A consortium of crystalline bacterial preparations is required to mobilize into GTP-exposed sites rapidly. Bacterial symbionts of marine sponges can be traced mainly to sea sponges, whose body surface is covered with mucus.

Background: RNA interference (RNAi) has recently introduced as a powerful technique for specific gene silencing in antiviral therapy for controlling shrimp diseases. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of dsRNA VP15-WSSV vaccine by oral administration on tiger shrimp survival rate and response immunes. Methods: A gene encoding VP15 was isolated from tiger shrimp infected WSSV and cloned into the L4440 vector with the T7 promoter. For mass production, the pT7-VP15 gene construct was transformed to bacteria. The bacteria were inactivated using the heat-killed method by immersion and 108 cells of bacteria were mixed with 0.02 g of commercial shrimp feed for dsRNA application. The shrimp were fed by: (A) feed containing dsRNA and coated by fish oil, (B) feed without dsRNA and coated by fish oil and (C) feed without dsRNA and fish oil. The shrimp were challenged with WSSV by intramuscular injection after vaccination for two weeks. The survival rate (SR) after the challenge test was counted daily, while the THC and proPO were observed before, then on 1st, 3rd and 5th days post-challenge (dpc). Result: The survival rate of tiger shrimp for all treatments tended to decrease until the 3rd dpc, while the 4th dpc the vaccinated tiger shrimp was started to exhibit the higher SR compared to both treatments. The vaccinated tiger shrimp had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher SR and THC compared with both control treatments, but not significantly (P greater than 0.05) for proPO activity. The results indicated that the application of oral dsRNA vaccination suggested increasing in SR and response immune of tiger shrimp.

Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

The reproductive performance of captive tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is a crucial aspect of sustainable aquaculture. This study explores the potential of Cyperus spp. extract components (CE) to enhance the reproductive performance of captive tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Our methods involved feeding captive tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon with feed enriched with 0, 300, 400, and 500 μg CE/g Body Weight (BW) over a 60-day rearing period. Eyestalk ablation was used as a positive control. Post-feeding experiments, we observed the shrimp for their reproductive performance. The results were promising: the male broodstock exhibited the highest molting percentage when fed with feed enriched with 400 μg CE/g BW, while females showed the highest molting percentage at 500 μg CE/g BW. The highest percentage of males carrying spermatophores and mating females was observed at 500 μg CE/g BW. Broodstock-fed feed enriched with 500 μg CE/g BW produced 337,339 eggs with an average egg diameter of 289.5 μm, yielding 16,175 nauplii. The highest expression of vitellogenin and spermatogenesis was found in the 400-500 μg/g BW range. These findings suggest that the optimal dose of CE for promoting gonadal maturation in captive shrimp broodstock is 400-500 μg/g BW. The potential of this study to increase larval production in aquaculture practices is significant. By utilizing environmentally friendly plant-derived hormones like CE, we can develop more sustainable aquaculture methods, thereby reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional hormone induction strategies.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different 17α-methyltestosterone injection frequencies at optimal doses to improve the quality of spermatophore and reproductive performance of captive male broodstock of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Broodstocks of tiger shrimp weighing 51-65 g for males and 86-161 g for females were collected from ponds and stored in a 3,000 m3 concrete tank. Male broodstocks were injected with 17α-methyltestosterone at the optimized protocol at 300 ng/100 g body weight at different injection frequencies, three times, four times, and five times at seven-day intervals. As a control, male broodstocks were injected with a saline solution to determine the spermatophore quality. Evaluation of the reproductive performance of the captive male was observed in the captive female broodstock tiger shrimp using artificial insemination. The weight of spermatophore (0.041 g), gonadosomatic index (7.71%), the total number of spermatozoa (64 × 106 cells/mL) significantly increased, and the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa significantly decreased by 73% as well as hatching rate increased to 43.14% at the injection frequency of four times compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, injection of 17α-methyltestosterone at the dosage of 300 ng/100 g body weight at the frequency of giving four times was effective enough to improve the reproductive performance of captive tiger shrimp. Therefore, the method proposed can be a strategy to produce better larvae and increase the income of the aquaculture business.