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Prof. Jacques Izopet
Laboratory of Virology – Federative Institute of Biology, Toulouse University Hospital & Center of Pathophysiology of Toulouse Purpan, INSERM U1043/CNRS5282, France

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0 chronic hepatitis
0 zoonoses
0 Hepatitis E virus (HEV) tropism
0 HEV pathogenesis
0 Acute hepatitis

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) tropism
chronic hepatitis
Ribavirin
Acute hepatitis
HEV pathogenesis

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Journal article
Published: 15 July 2021 in Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
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Control of the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus requires efficient testing. We collected paired nasopharyngeal swab (NPs) and saliva samples from 303 subjects (52.8% symptomatic) at a drive-through testing center; 18% of whom tested positive. The NPs, salivas and five saliva pools were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using the Aptima™ assay and a laboratory-developed test (LDT) on the Panther-Fusion™ Hologic® platform. The saliva sensitivity was 80% (LDT) and 87.5% (Aptima™) whereas that of NPs was 96.4% in both assays. The pooled saliva sensitivity of 72.7% (LDT) and 75% (Aptima™) was not significantly different of that of individual saliva testing. Saliva specimens appear to be suitable for sensitive non-invasive assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid; pooling them for a single test will improve laboratory throughput.

ACS Style

M. Migueres; C. Vellas; F. Abravanel; I. Da Silva; C. Dimeglio; V. Ferrer; S. Raymond; Jm. Mansuy; J. Izopet. Testing individual and pooled saliva samples for sars-cov-2 nucleic acid: a prospective study. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 2021, 115478 .

AMA Style

M. Migueres, C. Vellas, F. Abravanel, I. Da Silva, C. Dimeglio, V. Ferrer, S. Raymond, Jm. Mansuy, J. Izopet. Testing individual and pooled saliva samples for sars-cov-2 nucleic acid: a prospective study. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2021; ():115478.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Migueres; C. Vellas; F. Abravanel; I. Da Silva; C. Dimeglio; V. Ferrer; S. Raymond; Jm. Mansuy; J. Izopet. 2021. "Testing individual and pooled saliva samples for sars-cov-2 nucleic acid: a prospective study." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease , no. : 115478.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2021 in Journal of Clinical Virology
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ACS Style

Chloé Dimeglio; Florence Nicot; Marcel Miedougé; Jean-Loup Chappert; Cécile Donnadieu; Jacques Izopet. Influence of age on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7. Journal of Clinical Virology 2021, 141, 104872 .

AMA Style

Chloé Dimeglio, Florence Nicot, Marcel Miedougé, Jean-Loup Chappert, Cécile Donnadieu, Jacques Izopet. Influence of age on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2021; 141 ():104872.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chloé Dimeglio; Florence Nicot; Marcel Miedougé; Jean-Loup Chappert; Cécile Donnadieu; Jacques Izopet. 2021. "Influence of age on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7." Journal of Clinical Virology 141, no. : 104872.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2021 in Viruses
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The spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting disease COVID-19 has killed over 2.6 million people as of 18 March 2021. We have used a modified susceptible, infected, recovered (SIR) epidemiological model to predict how the spread of the virus in regions of France will vary depending on the proportions of variants and on the public health strategies adopted, including anti-COVID-19 vaccination. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7, which was not detected in early January, increased to become 60% of the forms of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the Toulouse urban area at the beginning of February 2021, but there was no increase in positive nucleic acid tests. Our prediction model indicates that maintaining public health measures and accelerating vaccination are efficient strategies for the sustained control of SARS-CoV-2.

ACS Style

Chloé Dimeglio; Marine Milhes; Jean-Michel Loubes; Noémie Ranger; Jean-Michel Mansuy; Pauline Trémeaux; Nicolas Jeanne; Justine Latour; Florence Nicot; Cécile Donnadieu; Jacques Izopet. Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.7, Vaccination, and Public Health Measures on the Spread of SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2021, 13, 898 .

AMA Style

Chloé Dimeglio, Marine Milhes, Jean-Michel Loubes, Noémie Ranger, Jean-Michel Mansuy, Pauline Trémeaux, Nicolas Jeanne, Justine Latour, Florence Nicot, Cécile Donnadieu, Jacques Izopet. Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.7, Vaccination, and Public Health Measures on the Spread of SARS-CoV-2. Viruses. 2021; 13 (5):898.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chloé Dimeglio; Marine Milhes; Jean-Michel Loubes; Noémie Ranger; Jean-Michel Mansuy; Pauline Trémeaux; Nicolas Jeanne; Justine Latour; Florence Nicot; Cécile Donnadieu; Jacques Izopet. 2021. "Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.7, Vaccination, and Public Health Measures on the Spread of SARS-CoV-2." Viruses 13, no. 5: 898.

Other
Published: 28 April 2021 in médecine/sciences
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ACS Style

Jacques Izopet; Olivier Marion; Nassim Kamar; Sébastien Lhomme. Réplication du virus de l’hépatite E dans les cellules intestinales. médecine/sciences 2021, 37, 320 -322.

AMA Style

Jacques Izopet, Olivier Marion, Nassim Kamar, Sébastien Lhomme. Réplication du virus de l’hépatite E dans les cellules intestinales. médecine/sciences. 2021; 37 (4):320-322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacques Izopet; Olivier Marion; Nassim Kamar; Sébastien Lhomme. 2021. "Réplication du virus de l’hépatite E dans les cellules intestinales." médecine/sciences 37, no. 4: 320-322.

Microbiology
Published: 28 January 2021 in Frontiers in Microbiology
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 is the most common genotype linked to HEV infections in Europe and America. Three major clades (HEV-3.1, HEV-3.2, and HEV-3.3) have been identified but the overlaps between intra-subtype and inter-subtype p-distances make subtype classification inconsistent. Reference sequences have been proposed to facilitate communication between researchers and new putative subtypes have been identified recently. We have used the full or near full-length HEV-3 genome sequences available in the Genbank database (April 2020; n = 503) and distance analyses of clades HEV-3.1 and HEV-3.2 to determine a p-distance cut-off (0.093 nt substitutions/site) in order to define subtypes. This could help to harmonize HEV-3 genotyping, facilitate molecular epidemiology studies and investigations of the biological and clinical differences between HEV-3 subtypes.

ACS Style

Florence Nicot; Chloé Dimeglio; Marion Migueres; Nicolas Jeanne; Justine Latour; Florence Abravanel; Noémie Ranger; Agnès Harter; Martine Dubois; Sonia Lameiras; Sylvain Baulande; Sabine Chapuy-Regaud; Nassim Kamar; Sébastien Lhomme; Jacques Izopet. Classification of the Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 Into Distinct Subgenotypes. Frontiers in Microbiology 2021, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Florence Nicot, Chloé Dimeglio, Marion Migueres, Nicolas Jeanne, Justine Latour, Florence Abravanel, Noémie Ranger, Agnès Harter, Martine Dubois, Sonia Lameiras, Sylvain Baulande, Sabine Chapuy-Regaud, Nassim Kamar, Sébastien Lhomme, Jacques Izopet. Classification of the Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 Into Distinct Subgenotypes. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Florence Nicot; Chloé Dimeglio; Marion Migueres; Nicolas Jeanne; Justine Latour; Florence Abravanel; Noémie Ranger; Agnès Harter; Martine Dubois; Sonia Lameiras; Sylvain Baulande; Sabine Chapuy-Regaud; Nassim Kamar; Sébastien Lhomme; Jacques Izopet. 2021. "Classification of the Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 Into Distinct Subgenotypes." Frontiers in Microbiology 11, no. : 1.

Short communication
Published: 01 November 2020 in Journal of Viral Hepatitis
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The aim of this study was to define the therapeutic range for ribavirin (RBV) in transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. In this retrospective, multicenter, cohort study, data of adult transplant recipients with chronic HEV infection, who had been treated with RBV monotherapy between 01‐3‐2008 and 01‐08‐2018 were included. ROC‐curve analyses were performed and the half‐maximal effective RBV concentration was calculated to determine a representative therapeutic range. In 96 patients, RBV monotherapy for a median of three months resulted in a sustained virologic response in 63.5% of the patients, while 88.5% of the patients developed anemia. RBV plasma concentrations at steady‐state were significantly higher in clinical responders compared to clinical non‐responders: median 1.96 (IQR 1.81–2.70) versus 0.49 (IQR 0.45–0.73) mg/L, p=0.0004. RBV caused a dose‐dependent hemoglobin reduction with higher RBV plasma concentrations resulting in more hemoglobin reduction. The therapeutic range for RBV for chronic HEV infection in transplant recipients ranges between 1.8 and 2.3 mg/L.

ACS Style

Midas B. Mulder; Robert A. de Man; Nassim Kamar; Gűlcan Durmaz; Joep de Bruijne; Thomas Vanwolleghem; Jacques Izopet; Peggy Gandia; Annemiek A. van der Eijk; Teun van Gelder; Dennis A. Hesselink; Brenda C.M. de Winter. Determining the therapeutic range for ribavirin in transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis E virus infection. Journal of Viral Hepatitis 2020, 28, 431 -435.

AMA Style

Midas B. Mulder, Robert A. de Man, Nassim Kamar, Gűlcan Durmaz, Joep de Bruijne, Thomas Vanwolleghem, Jacques Izopet, Peggy Gandia, Annemiek A. van der Eijk, Teun van Gelder, Dennis A. Hesselink, Brenda C.M. de Winter. Determining the therapeutic range for ribavirin in transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis E virus infection. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2020; 28 (2):431-435.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Midas B. Mulder; Robert A. de Man; Nassim Kamar; Gűlcan Durmaz; Joep de Bruijne; Thomas Vanwolleghem; Jacques Izopet; Peggy Gandia; Annemiek A. van der Eijk; Teun van Gelder; Dennis A. Hesselink; Brenda C.M. de Winter. 2020. "Determining the therapeutic range for ribavirin in transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis E virus infection." Journal of Viral Hepatitis 28, no. 2: 431-435.

Original paper
Published: 02 August 2020 in Journal of Viral Hepatitis
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We investigated the seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) who have been exposed to pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV as sexual transmission of HEV has been suggested. A total of 147 PrEP‐using MSM and 147 blood donors matched for sex, age and geographical area were tested for anti‐HEV IgG and IgM. Among them, 135 have been followed for 1 year, at the end of which serological tests for HEV were performed retrospectively on stored samples. Laboratory data on sexual transmitted infections (STIs) and viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A virus (HAV), were collected. Baseline seroprevalence rates in PrEP users were 42.2% (anti‐HEV IgG) and 3.4% (anti‐HEV IgM). Those of the control blood donors were similar (anti‐HEV IgG 43.5% and anti‐HEV IgM 4.1%). There was no incident of HEV infection despite the rates of bacterial STIs (incidence rate (IR) = 46.6%) and HAV infection (IR=15.8%). Age was the only risk factor associated with anti‐HEV IgG seropositivity at baseline and at the end of follow‐up. Sexual transmission does not seem to be a major route of HEV infection in MSM, unlike HAV.

ACS Style

Marion Migueres; Maïlys Ducours; Chloé DiMeglio; Pascale Trimoulet; Florence Abravanel; Pierre Delobel; Charles Cazanave; Jacques Izopet. No evidence of sexual transmission of HEV among individuals using HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis. Journal of Viral Hepatitis 2020, 27, 1495 -1501.

AMA Style

Marion Migueres, Maïlys Ducours, Chloé DiMeglio, Pascale Trimoulet, Florence Abravanel, Pierre Delobel, Charles Cazanave, Jacques Izopet. No evidence of sexual transmission of HEV among individuals using HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2020; 27 (12):1495-1501.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marion Migueres; Maïlys Ducours; Chloé DiMeglio; Pascale Trimoulet; Florence Abravanel; Pierre Delobel; Charles Cazanave; Jacques Izopet. 2020. "No evidence of sexual transmission of HEV among individuals using HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis." Journal of Viral Hepatitis 27, no. 12: 1495-1501.

Review
Published: 28 July 2020 in Vaccines
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of viral hepatitis in the world. It is usually responsible for acute hepatitis, but can lead to a chronic infection in immunocompromised patients. The host’s innate immune response is the first line of defense against a virus infection; there is growing evidence that HEV RNA is recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), leading to interferon (IFN) production. The IFNs activate interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) to limit HEV replication and spread. HEV has developed strategies to counteract this antiviral response, by limiting IFN induction and signaling. This review summarizes the advances in our knowledge of intracellular pathogen recognition, interferon and inflammatory response, and the role of virus protein in immune evasion.

ACS Style

Sébastien Lhomme; Marion Migueres; Florence Abravanel; Olivier Marion; Nassim Kamar; Jacques Izopet. Hepatitis E Virus: How It Escapes Host Innate Immunity. Vaccines 2020, 8, 422 .

AMA Style

Sébastien Lhomme, Marion Migueres, Florence Abravanel, Olivier Marion, Nassim Kamar, Jacques Izopet. Hepatitis E Virus: How It Escapes Host Innate Immunity. Vaccines. 2020; 8 (3):422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sébastien Lhomme; Marion Migueres; Florence Abravanel; Olivier Marion; Nassim Kamar; Jacques Izopet. 2020. "Hepatitis E Virus: How It Escapes Host Innate Immunity." Vaccines 8, no. 3: 422.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2020 in JCI Insight
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Type I IFN (IFN-I) production by plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) occurs during acute HIV-1 infection in response to TLR7 stimulation, but the role of pDC-derived IFN-I in controlling or promoting HIV-1 infection is ambiguous. We report here a sex-biased interferogenic phenotype for a frequent single-nucleotide polymorphism of human TLR7, rs179008, displaying an impact on key parameters of acute HIV-1 infection. We show allele rs179008 T to determine lower TLR7 protein abundance in cells from women, specifically — likely by diminishing TLR7 mRNA translation efficiency through codon usage. The hypomorphic TLR7 phenotype is mirrored by decreased TLR7-driven IFN-I production by female pDCs. Among women from the French ANRS PRIMO cohort of acute HIV-1 patients, carriage of allele rs179008 T associated with lower viremia, cell-associated HIV-1 DNA, and CXCL10 (IP-10) plasma concentrations. RNA viral load was decreased by 0.85 log10 (95% CI, −1.51 to −0.18) among T/T homozygotes, who also exhibited a lower frequency of acute symptoms. TLR7 emerges as an important control locus for acute HIV-1 viremia, and the clinical phenotype for allele rs179008 T, carried by 30%–50% of European women, supports a beneficial effect of toning down TLR7-driven IFN-I production by pDCs during acute HIV-1 infection.

ACS Style

Pascal Azar; Jose Enrique Mejia; Claire Cenac; Arnoo Shaiykova; Ali Youness; Sophie Laffont; Asma Essat; Jacques Izopet; Caroline Passaes; Michaela Müller-Trutwin; Pierre Delobel; Laurence Meyer; Jean-Charles Guéry. TLR7 dosage polymorphism shapes interferogenesis and HIV-1 acute viremia in women. JCI Insight 2020, 5, 1 .

AMA Style

Pascal Azar, Jose Enrique Mejia, Claire Cenac, Arnoo Shaiykova, Ali Youness, Sophie Laffont, Asma Essat, Jacques Izopet, Caroline Passaes, Michaela Müller-Trutwin, Pierre Delobel, Laurence Meyer, Jean-Charles Guéry. TLR7 dosage polymorphism shapes interferogenesis and HIV-1 acute viremia in women. JCI Insight. 2020; 5 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pascal Azar; Jose Enrique Mejia; Claire Cenac; Arnoo Shaiykova; Ali Youness; Sophie Laffont; Asma Essat; Jacques Izopet; Caroline Passaes; Michaela Müller-Trutwin; Pierre Delobel; Laurence Meyer; Jean-Charles Guéry. 2020. "TLR7 dosage polymorphism shapes interferogenesis and HIV-1 acute viremia in women." JCI Insight 5, no. 12: 1.

Report
Published: 18 March 2020 in Science Translational Medicine
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In addition to hemostasis, human platelets have several immune functions and interact with infectious pathogens including HIV in vitro. Here, we report that platelets from HIV-infected individuals on combined antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) with low blood CD4+ T cell counts (<350 cells/μl) contained replication-competent HIV despite viral suppression. In vitro, human platelets harboring HIV propagated the virus to macrophages, a process that could be prevented with the biologic abciximab, an anti–integrin αIIb/β3 Fab. Furthermore, in our cohort, 88% of HIV-infected individuals on ART with viral suppression and with platelets containing HIV were poor immunological responders with CD4+ T cell counts remaining below <350 cells/μl for more than one year. Our study suggests that platelets may be transient carriers of HIV and may provide an alternative pathway for HIV dissemination in HIV-infected individuals on ART with viral suppression and poor CD4+ T cell recovery.

ACS Style

Fernando Real; Claude Capron; Alexis Sennepin; Riccardo Arrigucci; Aiwei Zhu; Gérémy Sannier; Jonathan Zheng; Lin Xu; Jean-Marc Massé; Ségolène Greffe; Michelle Cazabat; Maribel Donoso; Pierre Delobel; Jacques Izopet; Eliseo Eugenin; Maria Laura Gennaro; Elisabeth Rouveix; Elisabeth Cramer Bordé; Morgane Bomsel. Platelets from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral drug therapy with poor CD4+ T cell recovery can harbor replication-competent HIV despite viral suppression. Science Translational Medicine 2020, 12, eaat6263 .

AMA Style

Fernando Real, Claude Capron, Alexis Sennepin, Riccardo Arrigucci, Aiwei Zhu, Gérémy Sannier, Jonathan Zheng, Lin Xu, Jean-Marc Massé, Ségolène Greffe, Michelle Cazabat, Maribel Donoso, Pierre Delobel, Jacques Izopet, Eliseo Eugenin, Maria Laura Gennaro, Elisabeth Rouveix, Elisabeth Cramer Bordé, Morgane Bomsel. Platelets from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral drug therapy with poor CD4+ T cell recovery can harbor replication-competent HIV despite viral suppression. Science Translational Medicine. 2020; 12 (535):eaat6263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Real; Claude Capron; Alexis Sennepin; Riccardo Arrigucci; Aiwei Zhu; Gérémy Sannier; Jonathan Zheng; Lin Xu; Jean-Marc Massé; Ségolène Greffe; Michelle Cazabat; Maribel Donoso; Pierre Delobel; Jacques Izopet; Eliseo Eugenin; Maria Laura Gennaro; Elisabeth Rouveix; Elisabeth Cramer Bordé; Morgane Bomsel. 2020. "Platelets from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral drug therapy with poor CD4+ T cell recovery can harbor replication-competent HIV despite viral suppression." Science Translational Medicine 12, no. 535: eaat6263.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2020 in Viruses
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major concern in public health worldwide. Infections with HEV genotypes 3, 4, or 7 can lead to chronic hepatitis while genotype 1 infections can trigger severe hepatitis in pregnant women. Infections with all genotypes can worsen chronic liver diseases. As virions are lipid-associated in blood and naked in feces, efficient methods of propagating HEV clinical strains in vitro and evaluating the infectivity of both HEV forms are needed. We evaluated the spread of clinical strains of HEV genotypes 1 (HEV1) and 3 (HEV3) by quantifying viral RNA in culture supernatants and cell lysates. Infectivity was determined by endpoint dilution and calculation of the tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50). An enhanced HEV production could be obtained varying the composition of the medium, including fetal bovine serum (FBS) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) content. This increased TCID50 from 10 to 100-fold and allowed us to quantify HEV1 infectivity. These optimized methods for propagating and measuring HEV infectivity could be applied to health safety processes and will be useful for testing new antiviral drugs.

ACS Style

Nicolas Capelli; Martine Dubois; Mélanie Pucelle; Isabelle Da Silva; Sébastien Lhomme; Florence Abravanel; Sabine Chapuy-Regaud; Jacques Izopet. Optimized Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Culture and Its Application to Measurements of HEV Infectivity. Viruses 2020, 12, 139 .

AMA Style

Nicolas Capelli, Martine Dubois, Mélanie Pucelle, Isabelle Da Silva, Sébastien Lhomme, Florence Abravanel, Sabine Chapuy-Regaud, Jacques Izopet. Optimized Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Culture and Its Application to Measurements of HEV Infectivity. Viruses. 2020; 12 (2):139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicolas Capelli; Martine Dubois; Mélanie Pucelle; Isabelle Da Silva; Sébastien Lhomme; Florence Abravanel; Sabine Chapuy-Regaud; Jacques Izopet. 2020. "Optimized Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Culture and Its Application to Measurements of HEV Infectivity." Viruses 12, no. 2: 139.

Review
Published: 24 January 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis throughout the world. Most infections are acute but they can become chronic in immunocompromised patients, such as solid organ transplant patients, patients with hematologic malignancy undergoing chemotherapy and those with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Extra-hepatic manifestations, especially neurological and renal diseases, have also been described. To date, four main genotypes of HEV (HEV1-4) were described. HEV1 and HEV2 only infect humans, while HEV3 and HEV4 can infect both humans and animals, like pigs, wild boar, deer and rabbits. The real epidemiology of HEV has been underestimated because most infections are asymptomatic. This review focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of acute HEV infections, including severe hepatitis in patients with pre-existing liver disease and pregnant women. It also examines the mechanisms leading to chronic infection in immunocompromised patients and extra-hepatic manifestations. Acute infections are usually self-limiting and do not require antiviral treatment. Conversely, a chronic HEV infection can be cleared by decreasing the dose of immunosuppressive drugs or by treating with ribavirin for 3 months. Nevertheless, new drugs are needed for those cases in which ribavirin treatment fails.

ACS Style

Sébastien Lhomme; Olivier Marion; Florence Abravanel; Jacques Izopet; Nassim Kamar. Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatitis E Virus Infections. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 331 .

AMA Style

Sébastien Lhomme, Olivier Marion, Florence Abravanel, Jacques Izopet, Nassim Kamar. Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatitis E Virus Infections. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (2):331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sébastien Lhomme; Olivier Marion; Florence Abravanel; Jacques Izopet; Nassim Kamar. 2020. "Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatitis E Virus Infections." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2: 331.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2020 in Arthritis Research & Therapy
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Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) seropositivity has been associated with higher inflammation during rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, no data are available on the impact of HCMV seropositivity on bone erosion progression during RA. Methods We selected 487 individuals of ESPOIR cohort who fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for RA. HCMV serology for these patients was determined using Architect CMV IgG assay. Baseline and 1-year central X-ray reading using modified Total Sharp Score (mTSS), Erosion Sharp Score, and joint space narrowing Sharp score were used to quantify structural damage progression. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate the association between HCMV status and bone erosion progression. Results We analyzed 273 HCMV seropositive (HCMV+) and 214 HCMV seronegative (HCMV−) RA patients. At inclusion, HCMV+ patients were less frequently ACPA+ (49.8% versus 58.9%, p < 0.0465) and had a higher DAS28-ESR (5.55 ± 1.24 versus 5.20 ± 1.14, p < 0.0013) in comparison with HCMV−. At 1 year, bone erosion progression (delta erosion Sharp score > 1 point) was lower in HCMV+ patients (16.1% versus 25.2%, p = 0.0128) in comparison with HCMV−. HCMV+ status remained independently associated with lower bone erosion progression in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, independently of other confounding factors, HCMV seropositivity is associated with a lower progression of bone erosion during RA.

ACS Style

B. Rauwel; Y. Degboé; D. Nigon; J.-F. Boyer; F. Abravanel; J. Izopet; B. Combe; A. Ruyssen-Witrand; A. Constantin; A. Cantagrel; J.-L. Davignon. Reduced progression of bone erosion in cytomegalovirus seropositive rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2020, 22, 1 -6.

AMA Style

B. Rauwel, Y. Degboé, D. Nigon, J.-F. Boyer, F. Abravanel, J. Izopet, B. Combe, A. Ruyssen-Witrand, A. Constantin, A. Cantagrel, J.-L. Davignon. Reduced progression of bone erosion in cytomegalovirus seropositive rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2020; 22 (1):1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B. Rauwel; Y. Degboé; D. Nigon; J.-F. Boyer; F. Abravanel; J. Izopet; B. Combe; A. Ruyssen-Witrand; A. Constantin; A. Cantagrel; J.-L. Davignon. 2020. "Reduced progression of bone erosion in cytomegalovirus seropositive rheumatoid arthritis patients." Arthritis Research & Therapy 22, no. 1: 1-6.

Hepatology
Published: 14 November 2019 in Gut
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ObjectiveHepatitis E virus (HEV), one of the most common agent of acute hepatitis worldwide, is mainly transmitted enterically, via contaminated water for HEV genotypes 1 (HEV1) and HEV2, or by eating raw or undercooked infected meat for HEV genotype 3 (HEV3) and HEV4. However, little is known about how the ingested HEV reaches the liver or its ability to replicate in intestinal cells.DesignWe developed human primary cultures of small intestine epithelial cells and intestinal explants obtained from small bowel resections. The epithelial cells were also polarised on transwells. Cells were infected with Kernow-p6 strain or clinically derived virions.ResultsPrimary intestinal cells supported the growth of Kernow-p6 strain and HEV1 and HEV3 clinically derived virions. Polarised enterocytes infected with HEV1 and HEV3 strains released HEV particles vectorially: mostly into the apical compartment with a little basally. Iodixanol density gradient centrifugation of enterocyte-derived HEV virions gave bands at a density of 1.06–1.08 g/cm3, corresponding to that of quasi-enveloped HEV particles. Ribavirin therapy inhibited HEV excretion from the basal surface but not from the apical side of infected human enterocytes. HEV virions also infected intestinal tissue explants. Lastly, HEV RNA and antigen were detected in the intestinal crypts of a chronically infected patient.ConclusionHEV can replicate in intestinal cells and reaches the liver as quasi-enveloped virions.

ACS Style

Olivier Marion; Sebastien Lhomme; Manon Nayrac; Martine Dubois; Mélanie Pucelle; Mary Requena; Marion Migueres; Florence Abravanel; Jean Marie Peron; Nicolas Carrere; Bertrand Suc; Pierre Delobel; Nassim Kamar; Jacques Izopet. Hepatitis E virus replication in human intestinal cells. Gut 2019, 69, 901 -910.

AMA Style

Olivier Marion, Sebastien Lhomme, Manon Nayrac, Martine Dubois, Mélanie Pucelle, Mary Requena, Marion Migueres, Florence Abravanel, Jean Marie Peron, Nicolas Carrere, Bertrand Suc, Pierre Delobel, Nassim Kamar, Jacques Izopet. Hepatitis E virus replication in human intestinal cells. Gut. 2019; 69 (5):901-910.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Olivier Marion; Sebastien Lhomme; Manon Nayrac; Martine Dubois; Mélanie Pucelle; Mary Requena; Marion Migueres; Florence Abravanel; Jean Marie Peron; Nicolas Carrere; Bertrand Suc; Pierre Delobel; Nassim Kamar; Jacques Izopet. 2019. "Hepatitis E virus replication in human intestinal cells." Gut 69, no. 5: 901-910.

Journal article
Published: 08 September 2019 in Journal of Clinical Virology
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. The systematic use of improved tools for diagnosing and genotyping has completely changed our understanding of the epidemiology and clinical consequences of HEV infection. Most cases of HEV in Europe arise from infected animals such as pigs, wild boar, deer and rabbits. Zoonotic HEV genotypes (HEV genotypes 3–8) are mainly food-borne or transmitted by direct contact, but recent data suggest that infection can also be water-borne or even iatrogenic throught contamined blood products. HEV-3 is the most prevalent genotype in Europe but the geographic distributions of the 3 major clades and subgenotypes (HEV-3abjkchi, HEV-3efg, and HEV-3ra) differ. Most HEV-3 infections are asymptomatic but they can result in severe acute hepatitis in patients with chronic liver disease, chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients, and to extra-hepatic manifestations. Despite more frequent reports of symptomatic hepatitis E cases across Europe, systems for monitoring HEV infections vary greatly. Severe HEV-associated illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths are probably underestimated. The seroprevalence and incidence of locally acquired hepatitis E varies between and within European countries and over time. The precise origin of these variations is uncertain but may be linked to environmental factors or the degree to which HEV contaminates the human food chain. Collaborative initiatives such as the establishment of the One Health platform for HEV sequences (HEVnet database) will be very useful for a better understanding of the epidemiology of HEV in Europe and the development of effective prevention strategies.

ACS Style

Jacques Izopet; Pauline Tremeaux; Olivier Marion; Marion Migueres; Nicolas Capelli; Sabine Chapuy-Regaud; Jean-Michel Mansuy; Florence Abravanel; Nassim Kamar; Sébastien Lhomme. Hepatitis E virus infections in Europe. Journal of Clinical Virology 2019, 120, 20 -26.

AMA Style

Jacques Izopet, Pauline Tremeaux, Olivier Marion, Marion Migueres, Nicolas Capelli, Sabine Chapuy-Regaud, Jean-Michel Mansuy, Florence Abravanel, Nassim Kamar, Sébastien Lhomme. Hepatitis E virus infections in Europe. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2019; 120 ():20-26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacques Izopet; Pauline Tremeaux; Olivier Marion; Marion Migueres; Nicolas Capelli; Sabine Chapuy-Regaud; Jean-Michel Mansuy; Florence Abravanel; Nassim Kamar; Sébastien Lhomme. 2019. "Hepatitis E virus infections in Europe." Journal of Clinical Virology 120, no. : 20-26.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2019 in Viruses
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection causes chronic hepatitis in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Antiviral therapy consists of three months of ribavirin, although response rates are not optimal. We characterized plasma HEV kinetic patterns in 41 SOT patients during ribavirin therapy. After a median pharmacological delay of three (range: 0–21) days, plasma HEV declined from a median baseline level of 6.12 (3.53–7.45) log copies/mL in four viral kinetic patterns: (i) monophasic (n = 18), (ii) biphasic (n = 13), (iii) triphasic (n = 8), and (iv) flat-partial response (n = 2). The mean plasma HEV half-life was estimated to be 2.0 ± 0.96 days. Twenty-five patients (61%) had a sustained virological response (SVR) 24 weeks after completion of therapy. Viral kinetic patterns (i)–(iii) were not associated with baseline characteristics or outcome of therapy. A flat-partial response was associated with treatment failure. All patients with a log concentration decrease of plasma HEV at day seven of >15% from baseline achieved SVR. In conclusion, viral kinetic modeling of plasma HEV under ribavirin therapy showed, for the first time, four distinct kinetic profiles, a median pharmacologic delay of three days, and an estimated HEV half-life of two days. Viral kinetic patterns were not associated with response to therapy, with the exception of a flat-partial response.

ACS Style

Sebastien Lhomme; Swati Debroy; Nassim Kamar; Florence Abravanel; David Metsu; Olivier Marion; Chloé DiMeglio; Scott J. Cotler; Jacques Izopet; Harel Dahari. Plasma Hepatitis E Virus Kinetics in Solid Organ Transplant Patients Receiving Ribavirin. Viruses 2019, 11, 630 .

AMA Style

Sebastien Lhomme, Swati Debroy, Nassim Kamar, Florence Abravanel, David Metsu, Olivier Marion, Chloé DiMeglio, Scott J. Cotler, Jacques Izopet, Harel Dahari. Plasma Hepatitis E Virus Kinetics in Solid Organ Transplant Patients Receiving Ribavirin. Viruses. 2019; 11 (7):630.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebastien Lhomme; Swati Debroy; Nassim Kamar; Florence Abravanel; David Metsu; Olivier Marion; Chloé DiMeglio; Scott J. Cotler; Jacques Izopet; Harel Dahari. 2019. "Plasma Hepatitis E Virus Kinetics in Solid Organ Transplant Patients Receiving Ribavirin." Viruses 11, no. 7: 630.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2019 in Viruses
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Hepatitis E virus infection is a significant public health problem in many parts of the world including Africa. We tested serum samples from 900 patients in Burkina Faso presenting with febrile icterus. They all tested negative for yellow fever, but those from 23/900 (2.6%) patients contained markers of acute HEV infection (anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA positive). Genotyping indicated that 14 of the strains were HEV genotype 2b. There was an overall HEV IgG seroprevalence of 18.2% (164/900). In a bivariate analysis, the factors linked to HEV exposure were climate and patient age. Older patients and those living in arid regions were more likely to have HEV infection. HEV genotype 2b circulating only in humans can be involved in some acute febrile icterus cases in Burkina Faso. Better access to safe water, sanitation, and improved personal hygiene should improve control of HEV infection in this country.

ACS Style

Chloé DiMeglio; Dramane Kania; Judith Mbombi Mantono; Thérèse Kagoné; Sylvie Zida; Souleymane Tassembedo; Amadou Dicko; Bachirou Tinto; Seydou Yaro; Hervé Hien; Jérémi Rouamba; Brice Bicaba; Isaïe Medah; Nicolas Meda; Oumar Traoré; Edouard Tuaillon; Florence Abravanel; Jacques Izopet. Hepatitis E Virus Infections among Patients with Acute Febrile Jaundice in Burkina Faso. Viruses 2019, 11, 554 .

AMA Style

Chloé DiMeglio, Dramane Kania, Judith Mbombi Mantono, Thérèse Kagoné, Sylvie Zida, Souleymane Tassembedo, Amadou Dicko, Bachirou Tinto, Seydou Yaro, Hervé Hien, Jérémi Rouamba, Brice Bicaba, Isaïe Medah, Nicolas Meda, Oumar Traoré, Edouard Tuaillon, Florence Abravanel, Jacques Izopet. Hepatitis E Virus Infections among Patients with Acute Febrile Jaundice in Burkina Faso. Viruses. 2019; 11 (6):554.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chloé DiMeglio; Dramane Kania; Judith Mbombi Mantono; Thérèse Kagoné; Sylvie Zida; Souleymane Tassembedo; Amadou Dicko; Bachirou Tinto; Seydou Yaro; Hervé Hien; Jérémi Rouamba; Brice Bicaba; Isaïe Medah; Nicolas Meda; Oumar Traoré; Edouard Tuaillon; Florence Abravanel; Jacques Izopet. 2019. "Hepatitis E Virus Infections among Patients with Acute Febrile Jaundice in Burkina Faso." Viruses 11, no. 6: 554.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Emerging Infectious Diseases
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In 2016, an upsurge of neurologic disease associated with infection with multirecombinant enterovirus A71 subgenogroup C1 lineage viruses was reported in France. These viruses emerged in the 2000s; 1 recombinant is widespread. This virus lineage has the potential to be associated with a long-term risk for severe disease among children.

ACS Style

Stéphanie Tomba Ngangas; Alexander Lukashev; Gwendoline Jugie; O.E. Ivanova; Jean-Michel Mansuy; Catherine Mengelle; Jacques Izopet; Anne-Sophie L’Honneur; Flore Rozenberg; David Leyssene; Denise Hecquet; Stéphanie Marque-Juillet; David Boutolleau; Sonia Burrel; Hélène Peigue-Lafeuille; Christine Archimbaud; Kimberley Benschop; Cécile Henquell; Audrey Mirand; Jean-Luc Bailly. Multirecombinant Enterovirus A71 Subgenogroup C1 Isolates Associated with Neurologic Disease, France, 2016-2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2019, 25, 1204 -1208.

AMA Style

Stéphanie Tomba Ngangas, Alexander Lukashev, Gwendoline Jugie, O.E. Ivanova, Jean-Michel Mansuy, Catherine Mengelle, Jacques Izopet, Anne-Sophie L’Honneur, Flore Rozenberg, David Leyssene, Denise Hecquet, Stéphanie Marque-Juillet, David Boutolleau, Sonia Burrel, Hélène Peigue-Lafeuille, Christine Archimbaud, Kimberley Benschop, Cécile Henquell, Audrey Mirand, Jean-Luc Bailly. Multirecombinant Enterovirus A71 Subgenogroup C1 Isolates Associated with Neurologic Disease, France, 2016-2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2019; 25 (6):1204-1208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stéphanie Tomba Ngangas; Alexander Lukashev; Gwendoline Jugie; O.E. Ivanova; Jean-Michel Mansuy; Catherine Mengelle; Jacques Izopet; Anne-Sophie L’Honneur; Flore Rozenberg; David Leyssene; Denise Hecquet; Stéphanie Marque-Juillet; David Boutolleau; Sonia Burrel; Hélène Peigue-Lafeuille; Christine Archimbaud; Kimberley Benschop; Cécile Henquell; Audrey Mirand; Jean-Luc Bailly. 2019. "Multirecombinant Enterovirus A71 Subgenogroup C1 Isolates Associated with Neurologic Disease, France, 2016-2017." Emerging Infectious Diseases 25, no. 6: 1204-1208.

Short communication
Published: 16 May 2019 in Journal of Viral Hepatitis
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A fraction of plasma donations undergoes hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA screening since late 2014 in France. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HEV RNA as well as the viral load and the evolution of genotype distribution over a 3-year period (2015-2017) in asymptomatic blood donors in comparison with symptomatic patients routinely diagnosed. The overall detection rate of HEV RNA in plasma donations was 0.10% during the 3-year period, with a median viral load of 717 IU/mL (range: <60-168 000 IU/mL) in the 189 samples found HEV RNA positive. One hundred and twenty samples (64.4%) were successfully HEV genotyped. Most strains were HEV3f (n = 54; 44.3%) and HEV3c (n = 46; 37.7%). The genotype distribution was not different throughout the 3-year period and we found no association between the genotype and where the blood donors lived (P = 0.96). The HEV genotype distributions in infected blood donors and symptomatic patients were similar. However, the symptomatic patients had a higher viral load (median 282 000 IU/mL; range: <60-136 000 000 IU/mL; P < 0.01) than the blood donors. Overall, asymptomatic blood donors and patients with symptomatic hepatitis E had similar genotype distributions but the blood donors had lower viral loads.

ACS Style

Sebastien Lhomme; Pierre Gallian; Chloé DiMeglio; Azzedine Assal; Florence Abravanel; Pierre Tiberghien; Jacques Izopet. Viral load and clinical manifestations of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infections. Journal of Viral Hepatitis 2019, 26, 1139 -1142.

AMA Style

Sebastien Lhomme, Pierre Gallian, Chloé DiMeglio, Azzedine Assal, Florence Abravanel, Pierre Tiberghien, Jacques Izopet. Viral load and clinical manifestations of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infections. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2019; 26 (9):1139-1142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebastien Lhomme; Pierre Gallian; Chloé DiMeglio; Azzedine Assal; Florence Abravanel; Pierre Tiberghien; Jacques Izopet. 2019. "Viral load and clinical manifestations of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infections." Journal of Viral Hepatitis 26, no. 9: 1139-1142.

Review
Published: 13 May 2019 in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
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Introduction: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the main cause of hepatitis worldwide. Our knowledge of this single-strand positive-sense RNA virus, discovered in the 1980s, has improved greatly in recent years. Areas covered: We review the most recent information on diagnostic tools, including serological and molecular assays, the recommended diagnostic algorithm, and the clinical manifestations of HEV infections. Expert opinion: The performance of serological and molecular assays has improved greatly in recent years and the availability of a WHO standard has been invaluable for comparing the performance of molecular assays. The more efficient serological and molecular assays have led to a clearer picture of HEV epidemiology. It is now established that HEV is distributed worldwide. The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) now recommends testing for anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA. Molecular tests indicate that HEV RNA is very common in asymptomatic blood donors. The description of transfusion-transmitted HEV makes having optimal strategies essential for improving blood safety. Like other hepatitis viruses, HEV infection must be suspected whenever a patient presents with clinical or biochemical features of hepatitis. An HEV infection can also have extra-hepatic manifestations, especially neurological and renal disorders.

ACS Style

Sébastien Lhomme; Florence Legrand-Abravanel; Nassim Kamar; Jacques Izopet. Screening, diagnosis and risks associated with Hepatitis E virus infection. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 2019, 17, 403 -418.

AMA Style

Sébastien Lhomme, Florence Legrand-Abravanel, Nassim Kamar, Jacques Izopet. Screening, diagnosis and risks associated with Hepatitis E virus infection. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 2019; 17 (6):403-418.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sébastien Lhomme; Florence Legrand-Abravanel; Nassim Kamar; Jacques Izopet. 2019. "Screening, diagnosis and risks associated with Hepatitis E virus infection." Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 17, no. 6: 403-418.