Waste fly ash (WFA) with pozzolanic activities may be advantageous to the mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC) when WFA partially replaces cement in RPC. In this study, RPC specimens with 0–25% WFA were prepared under the curing temperatures of 0, 20, and 40 °C for 3 to 120 days. The flowability of fresh RPC, the mechanical strengths, and the NaCl freeze–thaw damage were investigated. Additionally, the following carbonation depths after different NaCl freeze–thaw cycles and the leaching amount of toxic metal elements were also determined experimentally. The results indicated that the incorporation of WFA could decrease the slump flow of fresh RPC due to the relatively smaller particle size of WFA. With an increase in the WFA content, the early-age flexural and compressive strengths first exhibited an increasing and then decreasing trend. However, WFA will always deteriorate the long-term mechanical properties, and both flexural and compressive strengths can be reduced by up to 25% when cured for 120 days. A higher temperature (i.e., 40 °C) was found to benefit the mechanical properties, especially when cured for 3 days. The RPC with 10% WFA exhibited the optimum salt-freezing resistance with an approximately 30% reduction in the mass loss rate when the NaCl freeze–thaw cycles reached 300. The improvement in durability can be attributed to a more compact microstructure of RPC with WFA through microscopic observations. The relationships between the mass and mechanical strength loss rates can be expressed through positive correlation quadratic functions. The carbonation depth decreased following a quadratic function with increasing mass ratios of WFA and NaCl freeze–thaw cycles. The leaching amounts of Cr and Zn increased with increasing WFA content over time, and the cumulative values reached equilibrium at 5 months.

In this paper, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test and three-point bending (TPB) test, together with an acoustic emission (AE) system, were performed to investigate the mechanical properties and AE characteristic changes of concrete with different graphite powder (GP) content. The results show that: (1) Poor adhesion and low interlocking of graphite with cement stone increase the initial defects of concrete, reducing its elastic modulus and the cyclo-hoop effect, and thus weakening the compressive strength. (2) For concrete with a low graphite content, the second sharp rise in ringing counts or energy released during the compressive process can be regarded as a failure alarm. However, as GP content increases, the second sharp rise fades away, while the first sharp rise becomes more visible. At high GP content, the first sharp rise is better for predicting failure. (3) The initial defects caused by GP significantly lower the initial fracture toughness, but its bridging effect greatly increases the critical crack mouth opening displacement and thus significantly enhances the unstable fracture toughness of concrete, by up to 9.9% at 9% GP content. (4) In contrast to compressive process, the sharp increase in AE signals preceding failure during the fracture process cannot be used to predict failure because it occurs too close to the ultimate load. However, as GP can significantly increase the AE signals and damage value in the stable period, such failure precursor information can provide a safety warning for damage development.

Dolomite rock powder (the waste stone residue in the production of machine-made sand and stone processing) and iron tailings powder formed by mineral processing industry are solid wastes, which occupy land resources, pollute the environment and release toxic substances without reasonable processing. The dolomite rock powder and iron tailings powder composing a large number of active substances could be advantageous to the cement-based materials. In this study, the electrical resistivity of cement paste and concrete was measured. Meanwhile, the influence of dolomite rock powder and iron tailings powder on the compressive strength of concrete was investigated. The electric flux of concrete was determined to estimate the chloride ion permeability. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction were obtained to investigate the hydration of cement paste. Results showed the electrical resistivity of all specimens presented in this order: specimens with iron tailings < specimens with dolomite rock powder < blank specimens < specimens with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) < specimens with fly ash. The correlation between electrical resistivity and curing age of cement paste or concrete has been deduced as a quadratic function. The addition of GGBS could improve the compressive strength of concrete. Meanwhile, when the other three types of mineral admixtures were added, 5% by mass ratio of the total binder materials was the optimum for the compressive strength. The curing ages, the fly ash, the GGBS and 5% dolomite rock powder or 5% iron tailings powder demonstrated a positive effect on the chloride ion impermeability. However, when higher dosages of dolomite rock powder or iron tailings powder were added, the effect was the opposite. Finally, the compactness of the microstructure and the Ca(OH)₂ of cement paste could be improved by a small dosage of dolomites or iron tailings (less than 5%).

The Kalatag Cu–polymetallic district in the Eastern Tianshan Orogen, NW China, is characterized by complex tectono-magmatic evolution and diverse mineralization styles, including porphyry-skarn, hydrothermal-vein, and volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) systems. However, only nine verified mineral occurrences were available for calibration of the present regional prospectivity model. This small occurrence dataset, together with the heterogeneous spatial distribution of geological and geochemical indicators, poses a challenge for regional prospectivity mapping. In this study, a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model was developed to evaluate Cu–polymetallic prospectivity using presence-only mineral occurrence data. Seven rock-debris geochemical predictors, including Cu, Zn, Au, Mo, Ag, Ni, and Sb, were selected based on statistical characteristics and metallogenic relevance, while two geological predictors representing proximity to faults and intrusions were derived from regional geological maps. Nine-fold leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was used to evaluate out-of-sample discrimination and model sensitivity to regularization. The interpretation-oriented RM = 0.5 configuration yielded a mean LOOCV test AUC of 0.665, whereas the final model fitted using all nine verified occurrences achieved a training AUC of 0.850. High-prospectivity zones occupied 12.20% of the study area and contained 88.89% of known mineral occurrences. Jackknife analysis and response curves indicate that distance to intrusions, distance to faults, and Au anomalies provide the strongest independent spatial information within the predictor system. Prospectivity is generally enhanced near fault zones and intrusive contacts, highlighting the importance of tectono-magmatic architecture in controlling the spatial distribution of Cu–polymetallic mineralization. The resulting prospectivity map identifies regional high-prospectivity zones where favorable geological and geochemical conditions coincide, providing a quantitative basis for exploration prioritization. The study indicates that MaxEnt is an effective approach for integrating multisource geoscientific data under small-sample and presence-only conditions, while emphasizing that model outputs require further validation through geological, geochemical, geophysical, and drilling investigations.