In this study, the mechanical properties of basalt/ramie/polyester hybrid composite laminates were investigated. A matrix of 45% polyester was used, as it has good bonding properties between fibers. The composite laminates were fabricated using a hand layup technique, with seven layers stacked in different sequences and impregnated in the polyester matrix to create a hybrid configuration. Tensile, flexural, impact, compression, and hardness tests were conducted according to ASTM standards for mechanical characterization. The results showed that the overall stacking sequence of sample number seven (BRBRBRB) had the highest tensile strength at 120 MPa, impact energy at 8 J, flexural strength at 115 MPa, compression strength at 70 MPa, and hardness of 77. Natural fiber-reinforced composites are being used in current automotive industry applications, such as in electric vehicles.

In recent years, many researchers have focused on the preparation of carbon and basalt fiber-reinforced composites. As a result, the composites have gained popularity as an alternative to traditional materials such as wood, steel, and aluminum. Carbon and basalt fibers were used in a bidirectional woven mat, with particulates varying from 0 to 15 wt% nanoparticle SiC. The hybrid laminates were fabricated through vacuum bag infusion methods. The novelty of the research work lies in studying the influence of nanoparticle SiC-combined carbon and basalt fibers arranged in six stacking sequences, with LY556 used as polyester matrix. Specimens were prepared and tested as per ASTM standards. Tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests were performed on the obtained specimens and average values were obtained. It was found that 15% SiC filler addition enhanced (20%) the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscope photos revealed the bonding between the fiber mat and the matrix of thecrystal structure. The obtained tensile strength was 346 MPa and the flexural strength was 388 MPa. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that mechanical properties were improved with the addition of 15% SiCnanoparticles. Hence, this method can be used to manufacture structural applications and automotive parts.

The current experiment aimed to identify the characteristics of composite materials enhanced with aloe vera, bamboo, palm, and kevlar fibres. Three different types of combinational fabrication—Type I (a blend of aloe vera and bamboo), Type II (a combination of bamboo and palm), and Type III—were carried out from all the other them (blend of palm and aloe vera). Analysis was done on the mechanical and dynamic-mechanical evaluation of biocomposites made spontaneously. Natural fibres used to produce hybrid composites were alkaline and treated in a 2.5 ml NaOH solution for 6 h at room temperature to get acceptable characteristics, then dried to remove the wax and oils on the natural fibre’s exterior surface. The effect of different stacking sequences on the mechanical and dynamic properties of manufactured composites has been investigated experimentally through ASTM standards. Impact, inter-delamination and double-shear tests are used to evaluate the mechanical properties; the failure mechanisms of the fabricated hybrid composites with various stacking sequences and testing conditions were investigated through the fractographs of SEM analysis. Type I S1 samples were found to display significant impact energy (10 Joules) as compared to other samples, and the break load of composite specimens was higher at 4.5 KN in S2 samples of type-III as compared to type-I and II, revealed Type-I samples with significant peak area of 0.492 delivered at 102.01 °C as compared to two types, Type-3 (Palmyra Palm + Aloe Vera) composite gave the best mechanical, dynamic properties.

Polyaramid is a type of aromatic polyamide that is used to strengthen materials due to its great thermal stability. The effect of adding 2 wt% of nano titanium oxide and 5% polyaramid fibers to an epoxy matrix composite reinforced with three distinct natural fibers (jute, bagasse, and coir fibers) on the structure and characteristics of the composite was examined in this study. Hand lay‐up approach was used to manufacture 40 wt. percent each fiber, separately reinforced biocomposites with the addition of polyaramid, and TGA experiments were used to investigate the thermal stability of jute/bagasse/coir composites with polyaramid. The thermal degradation of the polymer took place in five steps, according to the Broido plots, with the second step being the slowest and rate determining. Because less energy is used to remove hemicellulose and loosely binding water contained in bagasse fiber, Broido plots revealed that the first step heat degradation had the lowest activation energy (Ea).

The study plans to create carbon–epoxy composites with the expansion of various fillers with different weight levels and to describe their mechanical and tribological properties. The fillers, silicon carbide and aluminium oxide are created using vacuum bag moulding and utilised as auxiliary supports. The wear practices were assessed utilising pin-on-disc mechanical assembly with various burdens. The outcome shows that the wear protection is enhanced with an increment in the weight level of optional support content. It was discovered that carbon–epoxy composite with 10% silicon carbide and 5% aluminium oxide shows better wear protection which can be utilised for bearing application.