Platelets are a cellular subgroup of elements circulating in the bloodstream, responsible for the innate immunity and repairing processes. The diseases affecting this cellular population, depending on the degree, can vary from mild to severe conditions, which have to be taken into consideration in cases of minor dental procedures. Their secretion of growth factors made them useful in the regenerative intervention. The aim of this review is to examine the platelets from biological, examining the biogenesis of the platelets and the biological role in the inflammatory and reparative processes and clinical point of view, through the platelets’ pathology and their use as platelets concentrates in dental regenerative surgery.

Background: The management of complete mandibular edentulism in frail patients with severe bone atrophy is a clinical challenge. Ultrashort implants (≤4 mm) have been proposed as a minimally invasive alternative to bone augmentation procedures; however, long-term evidence in full-arch rehabilitations remains limited. Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study presents the 10-year follow-up of patients treated with full-arch mandibular rehabilitation under immediate loading supported by 4 mm ultrashort implants. Patients were originally treated between 2015 and 2017. The primary outcome was prosthetic success at 10 years, defined as a stable and functional prosthesis supported by four implants. Secondary outcomes included implant survival, timing of implant loss, and biological and prosthetic complications. Results: Fourteen patients were available for evaluation at the 10-year follow-up. The success of the prosthetic structure was 100%, with all patients maintaining stable and functional rehabilitation. As regards the implants, a total of 82 implants had been placed, with 14 implant losses, resulting in a cumulative implant survival rate of 82.9%. Implant losses occurred mainly in early (1 week, 4 months) and late phases (between 3 and 10 years), while no losses were observed between 1 and 3 years. Overall, 71.43% of patients experienced at least one implant loss; however, this did not compromise prosthetic function. Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort, all full-arch prostheses remained functional at 10 years, although cumulative implant survival was 82.9%. These findings suggest that rehabilitation supported by 4 mm ultrashort implants may represent a treatment option for carefully selected frail patients with severe mandibular atrophy. Prospective controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings and compare this approach with standard-length implants and bone augmentation procedures.

Ultrasound imaging is gaining increasing relevance in facial aesthetic medicine due to its real-time, non-invasive, and radiation-free nature. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the clinical applications of ultrasonography in aesthetic medicine. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify clinical studies evaluating the use of ultrasonography in facial aesthetic medicine. The search strategy included the following terms: "aesthetic", "facial", "ultrasound". PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review guidelines were used. A total of 6 studies were included in this review. Ultrasonography has been used to guide injections in facial aesthetic procedures such as filler and botulinum injection and to assess the thickness of the masseter muscle to evaluate the efficacy of masseter muscle hypertrophy treatment. Ultrasonography enhances the safety of facial aesthetic procedures by guiding injections into the correct tissue layers and minimizing vascular risks. Priority should be given to the development of standardized protocols and an increase in randomized clinical trials.