Titanium surface is an important factor in achieving osseointegration during the early wound healing of dental implants in alveolar bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sandblasted-etched surface implants to investigate the osseointegration. In the present study, we used two different types of sandblasted-etched surface implants, an SLA™ surface and a Nanoblast Plus™ surface. Roughness and chemical composition were evaluated by a white light interferometer microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The SLA™ surface exhibited the higher values (Ra 3.05 μm) of rugosity compared to the Nanoblast Plus™ surface (Ra 1.78 μm). Both types of implants were inserted in the femoral condyles of ten New Zealand white rabbits. After 12 weeks, histological and histomorphometric analysis was performed. All the implants were osseointegrated and no signs of infection were observed. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the bone–implant contact % (BIC) ratio was similar around the SLA™ implants (63.74 ± 13.61) than around the Nanoblast Plus™ implants (62.83 ± 9.91). Both implant surfaces demonstrated a favorable bone response, confirming the relevance of the sandblasted-etched surface on implant osseointegration.

Current patterns of preventive antibiotic prescribing are encouraging the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Recently, the Spanish Society of Implants (SEI) developed the first clinical practice guidelines published to date, providing clear guidelines on how to prescribe responsible and informed preventive antibiotic therapy (PAT) based on the available scientific evidence on dental implant treatments (DIs). The present document aims to summarise and disseminate the recommendations established by this expert panel. These were based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Studies were analysed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist templates and ranked according to their level of evidence. They were then assigned a level of recommendation using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system (GRADE). Guidelines were established on the type of PAT, antibiotic and dosage of administration in the placement of DIs without anatomical constraints, in bone augmentation with the placement of DIs in one or two stages, placement of immediate DIs, sinus elevations, implant prosthetic phase, as well as recommendations in patients allergic to penicillin. Therefore, the PAT must be adapted to the type of implant procedure to be performed.

Implant dental therapy is a clinical procedure used for treating patients with tooth loss with known clinical success. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of dental implants in partially and totally edentulous patients. A total of 544 Microdent (Microdent SU, Implant Microdent System^®, Santa Eulàlia de Ronçana Barcelona, Spain) screw implants were placed in 111 patients using a two-stage surgical technique and a conventional loading protocol (lasting 3 months). Implant and prosthetic clinical findings were evaluated during a 15-year follow-up. A total of 6 implants were lost during the healing period, and 124 prostheses were placed over the 538 implants that remained: 20 single crowns, 52 partially fixed bridges, 45 full-arch fixed restorations, and 7 overdentures. A total of 20 of these were lost during the follow-up period. The cumulative survival rate for all implants was 96.4%. The data underwent statistical analysis (significance level: p < 0.05). The mean marginal bone loss was 1.82 ± 0.54 mm, ranging from 1.2 to 3.1 mm. The most frequent complications were mechanical prosthodontic complications (16.2%). In all, 11.8% of implants showed periimplantitis as the primary biological complication. Dental implants inserted in both the maxillary and mandibular areas produce long-term favorable outcomes and stable tissue conditions when a delayed loading protocol is followed.

(1) Background. The immediate functional loading of implants is a clinical procedure used for treating periodontal edentulous patients. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the immediate functional loading of implants with fully fixed rehabilitations in compromised periodontal patients. (2) Methods. Three hundred and five implants IPX screw implants were placed in 27 periodontal patients using an immediate functional loading protocol with fixed rehabilitations. All patients had a previous history of periodontitis, four patients (14.8%) were smokers and seven patients (25.9%) suffered from chronic medical conditions. (3) Results. Implant and prosthetic clinical findings were evaluated during a mean period of 41.3 ± 19.6 months. No implants were lost during the clinical follow-up. The cumulative survival rate for all implants was 100%. Regarding the prostheses designed, a total of 54 fixed prostheses were placed in the 27 patients immediately after the surgery. Forty-four hybrid fixed prostheses (81.5%) and 10 fixed rehabilitations (18.5%) were placed in the patients. The mean marginal bone loss was 1.51 ± 1.16 mm, ranging from 0 to 3.5 mm during the follow-up evaluation. Thirty-one implants (10.2%) in 10 patients (37%) were associated with peri-implantitis. Five patients (18.5%) showed some kind of technical complications (loss/fracture of the prosthetic screw, acrylic resin fracture, ceramic chipping). (4) Conclusions. The clinical outcomes of this study demonstrate that fixed rehabilitation by immediate functional loading of implants is considered a predictable procedure.

Immediate implants present a high risk of early failure. To avoid this, preventive antibiotics (PAs) are prescribed; however, their inappropriate administration leads to antimicrobial resistance. The present study aims to clarify whether the prescription of PAs reduces the rate of early failure of immediate implants and to establish guidelines to avoid the overprescription of these drugs. An electronic search of the MEDLINE database (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS and OpenGrey was carried out. The criteria described in the PRISMA^® statement were used. The search was temporarily restricted from 2010 to 2021. The risk of bias was analysed using the SIGN Methodological Assessment Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the JBI Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool. After searching, eight studies were included that met the established criteria. With the limitations of this study, it can be stated that antibiotic prescription in immediate implants reduces the early failure rate. Preoperative administration of 2–3 g amoxicillin one hour before surgery followed by 500 mg/8 h for five to seven days is recommended. It is considered prudent to avoid the use of clindamycin in favour of azithromycin, clarithromycin or metronidazole in penicillin allergy patients until further studies are conducted.

The aim of this study was to show the clinical outcomes of the immediate loading of implants inserted by guided surgery in edentulous mandible patients. Edentulous mandible patients were diagnosed with oral examination, cone beam computerized tomography and diagnostic casts for intermaxillary relations and treated with 8–10 implants for rehabilitation with guided surgery and immediate loading. After flapless surgery, implants were loaded with an immediate acrylic temporary prosthesis. After a period of six months, a ceramic definitive full-arch prosthesis was placed. A total of 22 patients (12 females and 10 males) were treated with 198 implants. Eleven patients (50%) had a previous history of periodontitis. Six patients (27.3%) were smokers. The follow-up was 84.2 ± 4.9 months. Clinical outcomes showed a global success rate of 97.5% of implants. Five implants were lost during the healing phase with provisional prosthesis. Twenty-two fixed full-arch rehabilitations were placed in the patients over the 193 remaining implants. Mean marginal bone loss was 1.44 mm ± 0.45 mm. Six patients (27.3%) showed some kind of mechanical prosthodontic complication. Eighteen (9.3%) of the 193 remaining implants were associated with peri-implantitis. The antecedents of peri-implantitis are critical elements for the survival of the implants. The loss of implants was significant in patients who smoked up to 10 cigarettes, compared to non-smokers. Peri-implantitis is one of the key elements in the long-term follow-up of implants and it was more manifest in smoking patients, and in those with a history of peri-implantitis. Marginal bone loss was more significant in smokers. Full-arch rehabilitation is presented as a predictable alternative with minor fatigue problems that are easily solvable.