The synthesis, characterization, and methylene blue (MB) adsorption study of a new lignosulfonate/amino-functionalized SBA-15 nanocomposite are described. (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was grafted into SBA-15 to prepare amino-functionalized SBA-15 (N-SBA-15) which was used, along with calcium lignosulfonate (LS), to prepare a new nanocomposite LS/N-SBA-15. The prepared materials were characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, powder XRD, TGA analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results indicated that the obtained nanocomposite possesses a high surface area (598 m² g⁻¹) and a large pore volume (1.059 cm³ g⁻¹). This particular combination of LS and N-SBA-15 endowed this material with good dispersibility and stability in water, and better wettability. The uptake of MB from aqueous solution using the LS/N-SBA-15 nanocomposite was investigated. The adsorption investigation was performed under parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature and initial dye concentration. The results indicated that the addition of LS to N-SBA-15 enhanced the stability of the composite in water, and improved its adsorption capacity of MB, and showed the optimum conditions at 0.05 g dose and pH = 9 during a short contact time less than 10 min. LS/N-SBA-15 exhibited a high adsorption capacity compared to other adsorbents used in the literature for the removal of MB from water. The reusability of this new nanocomposite was also investigated and the results reported. This new nanocomposite can be efficiently employed for the removal of organic dyes from wastewater.

This work focuses on the preparation of aerogel composite beads based on Zn(II)-crosslinked alginate and loaded with different percentages of AgNPs using a simple approach. The obtained samples were evaluated in two different applications: the first application consists in their use as catalysts for the reduction of MB, MO, OG and CR dyes in a simple and binary system under the presence of NaBH₄. For this, several parameters affecting the catalytic behavior of these catalysts have been investigated and discussed such as the catalyst mass, AgNPs content, dye nature, and the selectivity of the catalyst in a binary system. The second application concerns their antibacterial activities towards two Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and a Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). The physico-chemical properties of different samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS, and TGA analysis. The obtained results confirmed the presence of AgNPs on a highly porous alginate structure. The dispersion of a high percentage of AgNPs leads to the formation of nanoparticles on the outer surface of the alginate which led to their leaching after the catalytic test, while the composite having a low percentage of AgNPs showed good results through all dyes without leaching of AgNPs. For the antibacterial application of the different samples, it was shown that a composite with a higher percentage of AgNPs was the most effective against all bacteria.

Highly ordered flower-like mesoporous NiO microspheres with a flower size of ∼2–5 μm and nanoflake size of ∼10–100 nm have been successfully synthesized via a chemical precipitation method assisted by hydrothermal treatment, using nickel acetate tetrahydrate as a metal source, ammonium hydroxide as a base, and diethanolamine (DEA) as a complexing agent. A Ni(OH)₂ precursor was prepared with and without cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a structure directing agent to investigate its effect on the size and morphology of the NiO particles. The physicochemical properties of the obtained NiO nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TGA/DTA), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet visible (DR UV-vis) spectroscopies, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The results show that the obtained NiO NPs have a highly ordered nanostructure, with a moderate surface area of 21 m² g⁻¹, and a pore size of ∼6 nm. SEM, TGA/DTA and PXRD analysis indicate that CTAB is involved in the synthesis process and reduced the Ni(OH)₂ size from 2 to 5 μm without having any significant effects on the particle morphology. The photocatalytic performance of NiO NPs was investigated under the illumination of UV light in the decolourization reaction of methyl green dye in aqueous solution. The NiO NPs exhibit excellent dispersion in the dye solution and considerable photocatalytic activity with a rate constant that is almost ten times higher than that of bulk NiO NPs.

In this study, (E)-2-phenyl-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-amine (3) is synthesized, and detailed spectral characterizations using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were performed. The optimized geometry was computed using the density functional theory method at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The theoretical FT-IR and NMR (¹H and ¹³C) analysis are agreed to validate the structural assignment made for (3). Frontier molecular orbitals, molecular electrostatic potential, Mulliken atomic charge, electron localization function, localized orbital locator, natural bond orbital, nonlinear optical, Fukui functions, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analyses are undertaken and meticulously interpreted, providing profound insights into the molecular nature and behaviors. In addition, ADMET and drug-likeness studies were carried out and investigated. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations have been studied, indicating that this is an ideal molecule to develop as a potential vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor.

The imidazole nucleus represents a significant group of heterocyclic molecules with diverse significance in the modern world due to its exploration potential and various pharmacological applications. The relevance of imidazole and its derivatives has gained popularity in recent years, especially in the production of commercial drugs and the treatment of various conditions. The imidazole nucleus is present in many natural compounds and widely distributed in essential amino acids, such as l-histidine, whose derivatives exhibit powerful pharmacological properties. In this review, we delve into the historical timeline and development of synthetic pathways for tri- and tetra-substituted imidazoles used in the renowned Radziszewski reaction. Furthermore, we explore various bacteriological applications documented in the literature, as well as current advances in preclinical approaches to imidazole-based drug discovery. Tri- or tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives show strong potential for new synthesis methods, such as reflux or microwave, as well as various biological activities.