Issues of environmental security, fuel and energy independence have been forming political and economic territories for several centuries. Current events in Ukraine have become a litmus test, which clearly highlights the dangers of resource monopolies and the transfer of economic benefits. The issue of ensuring the energy system in climate neutrality became relevant even before the aggression by Russia. However, today, there is no country, it has not recognized that there is the urgent need to develop and implement effective tools for economic development in a sustainable environment. The modern cost-oriented model of knowledge of economic processes has led not only to the irrational use of natural potential. Large-scale use of natural resources and the irrational organization of production (including agricultural) disrupt the process of their reproduction, which, in turn, leads to the depletion of bioresources and, as a consequence, can lead humanity to ecological catastrophe. Certain solutions have been proposed to address these issues. To ensure the efficient use of the resources of the agricultural sector and the reliable reflection of biological processes, it is proposed to recognize the biological form of capital as self-growing and self-reproducing value, which, in the process of biological transformation, allows obtaining an additional unit of benefits. The study examines, in detail, the promising areas of the transformation of the agricultural sector in the framework of a technologically integrated European Green Deal in the EU. In this study, to determine the potential opportunities for the ecological transformation of agriculture, discrete analytical models of the assessment of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine were used. Representative data use statistical indicators of Ukraine and, to illustrate potential opportunities, present a comparison of export data to EU countries. In addition, it reveals the realized and potential opportunities of Ukraine’s entry into the European market through the prism of the implementation programs of EU environmental policy. The place and significance of assimilation potential for a reduction in the anthropogenic impact on the environment, and providing the self-restoration of natural resources, are substantiated. It is determined that one of the most effective tools for low-cost reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions is the national-level implementation of environmental-quota trade and the development of organic production. The study includes an analytical assessment of the expected emission reductions from environmental initiatives’ implementation. Prospects for further research are the development of an effective mechanism for the systematic management of the biological potential reproduction of the agricultural sector while reducing anthropogenic impact on the environment.

Agriculture is one of the leading sectors of the Ukrainian economy, and the state pays special attention to its development. One of directions of the state’s support for agriculture is implementation of tax preferences due to which agricultural enterprises have a lower tax burden. The optimal level of the tax burden is an important factor in ensuring the positive dynamics of business activity in agriculture, as well as socio-political stability. The objective of the article is to determine the impact of recent changes in the Ukrainian tax legislation on the tax burden of agricultural enterprises, as well as the possible impact of current draft laws. The article examines features of the tax legislation in Ukrainewith regard to agricultural producers and its changes in recent years - increasing a single tax rate, introduction of indexation of land regulatory, monetary valuation, abolition of the special regime of a value added tax. The advantages and disadvantages of using a simplified taxation system by agricultural enterprises are considered. the study’s outcome comprises recommendations for agricultural enterprises to choose a tax system with the lowest tax burden, as well as recommendations for improving the tax legislation of Ukraine using preferential VAT rates for agricultural enterprises and a tax on withdrawn capital.

Today, humanity is at a stage where further development is possible only if economic, environmental and social factors are effectively combined to ensure sustainable development of the society. Their implementation largely depends on the available financial resources. The COVID-19 pandemic and the russian federation’s war against Ukraine have increased the risk of a divergence between the developed and developing countries. The article notes that there are various forms of sustainability, including environmental (biodiversity conservation), economic (achieving a balance between the economic efficiency of enterprises and environmental issues) and social (ensuring social justice). The factors that have led to an increase in the financing gap for sustainable development goals are outlined: a decline in income in developing countries; an increase in public spending in these countries. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the russian-Ukrainian war on the financial development of countries is determined. It is established that in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, developing countries need additional funding, which can come from four sources: domestic public resources (or revenues), international public resources, domestic private resources or international private resources. Sources of external financing include international trade, foreign direct investment and other private flows (from businesses and individuals), international financial and technical cooperation, and external debt. One of the priority domestic sources of financing is tax revenues. Combating tax evasion and illicit financial flows is also important. Factors to facilitate the strategic planning and financing for sustainable development at the national and regional levels in Ukraine include: developing an integrated national financial system; conducting a rapid integrated assessment of the inclusion of sustainable development goals in national and subnational planning; reviewing of all current methods of financing sustainable development; and assessing the system of budgeting for sustainable development. The paper also reflects the key points of the EBA's research on sustainable development in Ukraine.

In recent decades, cataclysmic events, deterioration of air and water quality, and loss of biodiversity have forced us to look for ways to save nature. One of the ways to solve the problems is to ensure rational environmental management, which is possible by establishing an effective balance between consumption and compensation by creating an effective financial mechanism. The purpose of the study is to assess the efficiency of the current financial mechanism for environmental management in Ukraine and to determine the prospects for its improvement. The study uses analysis, synthesis, specification, systematization, and generalization. The graphical method was used to assess environmental taxes, and mathematical modelling was used to analyze the dependence of emissions on direct costs and capital investments in air protection and climate change. Environmental taxes in Ukraine are an ineffective instrument of the financial mechanism of environmental management. Their share in the structure of domestic GDP is lower than the share in the EU. The author suggests ways to improve them: to replace the CO2 tax with an energy tax; to cancel the tax-free limit of 500.000 tons of CO2 emissions per year; to change the structure of tax distribution; to introduce tax rebates. The correlation and regression analysis of the dependence of air pollutant emissions on current expenditures and capital investments in air protection and climate change issues showed the existence of a feedback loop. Investment support for environmental management should be provided from various sources in the following areas: national, local and international finances - primarily for the restoration of air, water and contaminated areas; own funds and international investments - for the modernization and greening of production.

In recent decades, humanity has had a significant negative impact on the environment. This problem can be solved only by establishing a rational environmental management policy and ensuring an effective financial policy in the context of balancing emissions and expenditures on environmental protection measures. The purpose of this article is to analyze the efficiency of financing environmental protection measures by determining the dependence of pollutant emissions on environmental protection expenditures in Ukraine and the European Union. The following methods were used for the study: analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, specification, and statistical and graphical methods. The statistical information was systematized on the basis of open data from the Open Budget web portal, the State Statistics Service, and Eurostat. This study identified the dynamics of revenues from environmental taxes in Ukraine; taxes on air emissions prevail. Most of the expenditures are made from the state budget. According to the functional classification, environmental expenditures are mainly aimed at preventing and eliminating environmental pollution. The dynamics of capital investments in environmental protection were also studied. To assess the effectiveness of the state policy in the field of environmental protection, we analyzed the dependence of pollutant emissions in Ukraine, Poland, and Romania on the amount of environmental expenditures and investments in this area and revenues from environmental tax. In Ukraine, the amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere depends mostly on investments in this area; in Poland—on revenues from environmental taxes; and in Romania—on expenditures on environmental protection. It has been established that the obtained models are adequate and can be used to build future forecasts of pollutant emissions. Directions for the development of financial and environmental policy are proposed. Post-war restoration of the environmental situation should be carried out on the basis of sustainable development, focusing on the European Green Deal A triple-task approach should be implemented, including environmental restoration, the minimization of negative climate change and balanced use of resources, and the expansion of powers of the relevant ministry with a focus on the strategic goals of the state policy. It is necessary to develop methodological recommendations according to international standards to assess the real state of the environment.

The environment is constantly changing, including because of human impact. Over the past decades, society has faced many environmental problems that have led to ecosystem deterioration and may become global disasters and tragedies. Their solution is possible through the development of modern methods of rationalizing nature management, transforming the economy, finding optimal financial support mechanisms, and reforming public policy to achieve climate neutrality and sustainable development of society. The study aims to identify the impact of economic factors on environmental protection. The following methods were used during the study: analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization. Considering the issue of environmental protection, the author analyzes the effectiveness of environmental and economic policies of different countries based on the Environmental Performance Index, which showed that during 2016-2022 the composition of the top 10 changed dramatically, indicating that measures aimed at preserving the NPS were not systematically taken. It is established that the financial sector has a twofold impact on the environment. The degree of financial development has a positive side effect, while the optimization of the industrial structure has a negative one. The country's economic growth is essential to solving the problems related to environmental protection, which allows investing in environmental protection measures. The downside is the industrialization and urbanization of society, which contributes to economic prosperity and simultaneously leads to ecosystem pollution. One of the main strategies to curb the degradation of the NPS is to implement financial accessibility. Increasing the environmental friendliness of production can be achieved operationally and strategically. Many developing countries are developing and implementing plans to reduce their vulnerability to climate change in their national strategies. The article shows that "green" finance is one of the new ideas related to the responsibilities of the financial sector in addressing the significant challenges of our time in a way that ensures the creation of corporate and social value without harming the environment. Keywords: environment, environmental protection, pollution, finance, green.