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Prof. Dr. Dario Colella
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy

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0 Physical Education
0 Physical Activity and Health
0 Motor Development
0 physical education curriculum
0 physical education and neuroscience

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Physical Activity and Health
Physical Education
physical education and neuroscience
Motor Development

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Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The purpose of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the efficacy of an 8-week exercise programme conducted in e-learning mode on high school students’ academic performance. The aim was to examine the changes in physical fitness and learning outcomes during the enforced period of lockdown caused by outbreak of the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic and the closure of schools in Italy. Thirty high-school students (14–15 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) that performed an at-home workout programme (~60 min., twice a week), or a control group (n = 15) who received only a regular programme of theoretical lessons where no practice takes place. Both groups were synchronized in real-time with the physical education teacher. In order to assess students’ starting level and significant changes reached, at baseline and after training, a battery of standardized assessment motor tests (Standing long jump test, Harvard step test, sit and reach test, and butt kicks test), and an academic achievement test (Amos 8–15) were administered. In comparison to the control group at baseline and the end of the programme, the experimental group reported considerable improvements in motivation and concentration, significant anxiety reduction, and an increase in capacity to organize studying and to be more flexible. Moreover, it was possible to observe the efficacy of the workout to improve learning ability among practicing students (p< 0.001). No significant changes were found in the control group. The results suggest that a school-based exercise programme conducted online could be a powerful approach in order to achieve the best academic outcomes and for improving students’ physical fitness as well as their cognitive health.

ACS Style

Francesca Latino; Francesco Fischetti; Stefania Cataldi; Domenico Monacis; Dario Colella. The Impact of an 8-Weeks At-Home Physical Activity Plan on Academic Achievement at the Time of COVID-19 Lock-Down in Italian School. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5812 .

AMA Style

Francesca Latino, Francesco Fischetti, Stefania Cataldi, Domenico Monacis, Dario Colella. The Impact of an 8-Weeks At-Home Physical Activity Plan on Academic Achievement at the Time of COVID-19 Lock-Down in Italian School. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5812.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Latino; Francesco Fischetti; Stefania Cataldi; Domenico Monacis; Dario Colella. 2021. "The Impact of an 8-Weeks At-Home Physical Activity Plan on Academic Achievement at the Time of COVID-19 Lock-Down in Italian School." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5812.

Review
Published: 22 December 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Lack of physical activity is a global public health problem causing not only morbidity and premature mortality, but it is also a major economic burden worldwide. One of the cornerstones of a physically active lifestyle is Motor Competence (MC). MC is a complex biocultural attribute and therefore, its study requires a multi-sectoral, multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approach. MC is a growing area of research, especially in children and adolescents due to its positive association with a plethora of health and developmental outcomes. Many questions, however, remain to be answered in this field of research, with regard to: (i) Health and Developmental-related Associations of MC; (ii) Assessment of MC; (iii) Prevalence and Trends of MC; (iv) Correlates and Determinants of MC; (v) MC Interventions, and (vi) Translating MC Research into Practice and Policy. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature, summarizing current knowledge, identifying key research gaps and presenting questions for future investigation on MC in children and adolescents. This is a collaborative effort from the International Motor Competence Network (IMCNetwork) a network of academics and researchers aiming to promote international collaborative research and knowledge translation in the expansive field of MC. The knowledge and deliverables generated by addressing and answering the aforementioned research questions on MC presented in this review have the potential to shape the ways in which researchers and practitioners promote MC and physical activity in children and adolescents across the world.

ACS Style

Luís Lopes; Rute Santos; Manuel Coelho-E-Silva; Catherine Draper; Jorge Mota; Boris Jidovtseff; Cain Clark; Mirko Schmidt; Philip Morgan; Michael Duncan; Wesley O’Brien; Peter Bentsen; Eva D’Hondt; Suzanne Houwen; Garret Stratton; Kristine De Martelaer; Claude Scheuer; Christian Herrmann; António García-Hermoso; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; António Palmeira; Erin Gerlach; Rafaela Rosário; Johann Issartel; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Jonatan Ruiz; Sanne Veldman; Zhiguang Zhang; Dario Colella; Susana Póvoas; Pamela Haibach-Beach; João Pereira; Bronagh McGrane; João Saraiva; Viviene Temple; Pedro Silva; Erik Sigmund; Eduarda Sousa-Sá; Manolis Adamakis; Carla Moreira; Till Utesch; Larissa True; Peggy Cheung; Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun; Sophia Charitou; Palma Chillón; Claudio Robazza; Ana Silva; Danilo Silva; Rodrigo Lima; Isabel Mourão-Carvalhal; Zeinab Khodaverdi; Marcela Zequinão; Beatriz Pereira; António Prista; César Agostinis-Sobrinho. A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 18 .

AMA Style

Luís Lopes, Rute Santos, Manuel Coelho-E-Silva, Catherine Draper, Jorge Mota, Boris Jidovtseff, Cain Clark, Mirko Schmidt, Philip Morgan, Michael Duncan, Wesley O’Brien, Peter Bentsen, Eva D’Hondt, Suzanne Houwen, Garret Stratton, Kristine De Martelaer, Claude Scheuer, Christian Herrmann, António García-Hermoso, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, António Palmeira, Erin Gerlach, Rafaela Rosário, Johann Issartel, Irene Esteban-Cornejo, Jonatan Ruiz, Sanne Veldman, Zhiguang Zhang, Dario Colella, Susana Póvoas, Pamela Haibach-Beach, João Pereira, Bronagh McGrane, João Saraiva, Viviene Temple, Pedro Silva, Erik Sigmund, Eduarda Sousa-Sá, Manolis Adamakis, Carla Moreira, Till Utesch, Larissa True, Peggy Cheung, Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun, Sophia Charitou, Palma Chillón, Claudio Robazza, Ana Silva, Danilo Silva, Rodrigo Lima, Isabel Mourão-Carvalhal, Zeinab Khodaverdi, Marcela Zequinão, Beatriz Pereira, António Prista, César Agostinis-Sobrinho. A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luís Lopes; Rute Santos; Manuel Coelho-E-Silva; Catherine Draper; Jorge Mota; Boris Jidovtseff; Cain Clark; Mirko Schmidt; Philip Morgan; Michael Duncan; Wesley O’Brien; Peter Bentsen; Eva D’Hondt; Suzanne Houwen; Garret Stratton; Kristine De Martelaer; Claude Scheuer; Christian Herrmann; António García-Hermoso; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez; António Palmeira; Erin Gerlach; Rafaela Rosário; Johann Issartel; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Jonatan Ruiz; Sanne Veldman; Zhiguang Zhang; Dario Colella; Susana Póvoas; Pamela Haibach-Beach; João Pereira; Bronagh McGrane; João Saraiva; Viviene Temple; Pedro Silva; Erik Sigmund; Eduarda Sousa-Sá; Manolis Adamakis; Carla Moreira; Till Utesch; Larissa True; Peggy Cheung; Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun; Sophia Charitou; Palma Chillón; Claudio Robazza; Ana Silva; Danilo Silva; Rodrigo Lima; Isabel Mourão-Carvalhal; Zeinab Khodaverdi; Marcela Zequinão; Beatriz Pereira; António Prista; César Agostinis-Sobrinho. 2020. "A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 18.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Teaching physical education requires competencies to conduct the classes and to assess the motor skills of practitioners. Specialists (physical education professionals) and generalists (primary school teachers) differently experienced motor tasks during their academic education. This study aimed to compare the teachers’ ability in assessing the children’s forward and backward rolls from the analysis of the reliability of an evaluation grid of rolling abilities (Information Scale for Agility on the Soil, InfoSAS), which was investigated in a first study with teachers. A second study in young children explored the responsiveness of the InfoSAS to discriminate by skill level or by training effects. When administered by specialists, the InfoSAS resulted in being reliable (forward: p = 0.087 and p = 0.908; backward: p = 0.926 and p = 0.910; intra- and inter-rater reliability, respectively) and responsive in detecting differences due to expertise (gymnasts vs. primary school children; forward: p = 0.003, backward: p = 0.016) or improvements after specific training in rolling (pre- vs. post-children’s training; forward: p = 0.005, backward: p = 0.001). The results support the conclusion that specialists exhibit higher competence than generalists, which allows proper application of the InfoSAS, possibly because of the practice of skills and reflective teaching styles in physical activity they experienced, along with their academic education in sport sciences.

ACS Style

Pietro Luigi Invernizzi; Gabriele Signorini; Dario Colella; Gaetano Raiola; Andrea Bosio; Raffaele Scurati. Assessing Rolling Abilities in Primary School Children: Physical Education Specialists vs. Generalists. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8803 .

AMA Style

Pietro Luigi Invernizzi, Gabriele Signorini, Dario Colella, Gaetano Raiola, Andrea Bosio, Raffaele Scurati. Assessing Rolling Abilities in Primary School Children: Physical Education Specialists vs. Generalists. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (23):8803.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pietro Luigi Invernizzi; Gabriele Signorini; Dario Colella; Gaetano Raiola; Andrea Bosio; Raffaele Scurati. 2020. "Assessing Rolling Abilities in Primary School Children: Physical Education Specialists vs. Generalists." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 8803.

Original article
Published: 28 October 2016 in Sport Sciences for Health
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Purpose This study wants to examine gender’s differences in cardiovascular fitness according to different physical activity categories (high category–moderate category) assessed by IPAQ-A if exists a relationship between cardiovascular fitness and total physical activity, walking, moderate and vigorous physical activity and if cardiovascular fitness in high category and moderate category respects the guidelines for metabolic health in adolescents. 307 adolescents (15–17 years) were assessed in cardiovascular fitness by Léger test (VO2max) and physical activity level by self-reported questionnaire (IPAQ-A). Males have showed higher VO2max than females (p < 0.0005). In males, significant differences were found in VO2max in high category compared to moderate category (p < 0.0005), whereas in females, no differences were found. Males have higher VO2max than females in high category (p < 0.0005) and in moderate category (p < 0.0005). No gender’s differences were found in physical activity level. In males and females, small-to-moderate correlations were found between VO2max and total physical activity, moderate, and vigorous physical activity. 75.8% of males and 63.8% of girls have VO2max lower than cutoff for low cardiovascular fitness. In high category, 69% of males and 57.1% of girls and 87.1% of males and 67.7% of females in moderate category do not respect this cutoff. Adolescents present low cardiovascular fitness levels, exposing themselves to the cardiovascular disease’s risk. Small-to-moderate correlations were found between physical activity and cardiovascular fitness. It is necessary to adopt strategies to improve physical activity in young people. IPAQ-A presents some limits to identify PAL in young people.

ACS Style

Andrea Piccinno; Dario Colella. Differences in cardiovascular fitness of Italian high-school adolescents according to different physical activity levels assessed by IPAQ-A: a cross-sectional study. Sport Sciences for Health 2016, 13, 149 -155.

AMA Style

Andrea Piccinno, Dario Colella. Differences in cardiovascular fitness of Italian high-school adolescents according to different physical activity levels assessed by IPAQ-A: a cross-sectional study. Sport Sciences for Health. 2016; 13 (1):149-155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Piccinno; Dario Colella. 2016. "Differences in cardiovascular fitness of Italian high-school adolescents according to different physical activity levels assessed by IPAQ-A: a cross-sectional study." Sport Sciences for Health 13, no. 1: 149-155.

Clinical trial
Published: 22 August 2013 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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Actual and perceived physical abilities are important correlates of physical activity (PA) and fitness, but little research has explored these relationships over time in obese children. This study was designed: (a) to assess the feasibility of a multi-modal training programme promoting changes in PA, fundamental motor skills and real and perceived physical abilities of obese children; and (b) to explore cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between real and perceived physical competence in boys and girls. Forty-one participants (9.2 ± 1.2 years) were assessed before and after an 8-month intervention with respect to body composition, physical fitness, self-reported PA and perceived physical ability. After treatment, obese children reported improvements in the body mass index, PA levels, gross motor performance and actual and perceived physical abilities. Real and perceived physical competence was correlated in boys, but not in girls. Results indicate that a multi-modal programme focused on actual and perceived physical competence as associated with the gradual increase in the volume of activity might be an effective strategy to improve adherence of the participants and to increase the lifelong exercise skills of obese children.

ACS Style

Milena Morano; Dario Colella; Irene Rutigliano; Pietro Fiore; Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani; Angelo Campanozzi. A multi-modal training programme to improve physical activity, physical fitness and perceived physical ability in obese children. Journal of Sports Sciences 2013, 32, 345 -353.

AMA Style

Milena Morano, Dario Colella, Irene Rutigliano, Pietro Fiore, Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani, Angelo Campanozzi. A multi-modal training programme to improve physical activity, physical fitness and perceived physical ability in obese children. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2013; 32 (4):345-353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Morano; Dario Colella; Irene Rutigliano; Pietro Fiore; Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani; Angelo Campanozzi. 2013. "A multi-modal training programme to improve physical activity, physical fitness and perceived physical ability in obese children." Journal of Sports Sciences 32, no. 4: 345-353.

Research article
Published: 05 December 2012 in PLOS ONE
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(1) To examine relationships among changes in physical activity, physical fitness and some psychosocial determinants of activity behavior in a clinical sample of obese children involved in a multi-component program; (2) to investigate the causal relationship over time between physical activity and one of its strongest correlates (i.e. perceived physical ability). Self-reported physical activity and health-related fitness tests were administered before and after a 9-month intervention in 24 boys and 20 girls aged 8 to 11 years. Individuals’ perceptions of strength, speed and agility were assessed using the Perceived Physical Ability Scale, while body image was measured using Collins’ Child Figure Drawings. Findings showed that body mass index, physical activity, performances on throwing and weight-bearing tasks, perceived physical ability and body image significantly improved after treatment among obese children. Gender differences were found in the correlational analyses, showing a link between actual and perceived physical abilities in boys, but not in girls. For the specific measurement interval of this study, perception of physical ability was an antecedent and not a potential consequence of physical activity. Results indicate that a multi-component activity program not based merely on a dose-effect approach enhances adherence of the participants and has the potential to increase the lifelong exercise skills of obese children. Rather than focusing entirely on diet and weight loss, findings support the inclusion of interventions directed toward improving perceived physical ability that is predictive of subsequent physical activity.

ACS Style

Milena Morano; Dario Colella; Irene Rutigliano; Pietro Fiore; Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani; Angelo Campanozzi. Changes In Actual And Perceived Physical Abilities In Clinically Obese Children: A 9-Month Multi-Component Intervention Study. PLOS ONE 2012, 7, e50782 .

AMA Style

Milena Morano, Dario Colella, Irene Rutigliano, Pietro Fiore, Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani, Angelo Campanozzi. Changes In Actual And Perceived Physical Abilities In Clinically Obese Children: A 9-Month Multi-Component Intervention Study. PLOS ONE. 2012; 7 (12):e50782.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Morano; Dario Colella; Irene Rutigliano; Pietro Fiore; Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani; Angelo Campanozzi. 2012. "Changes In Actual And Perceived Physical Abilities In Clinically Obese Children: A 9-Month Multi-Component Intervention Study." PLOS ONE 7, no. 12: e50782.

Research article
Published: 01 October 2011 in Pediatric Obesity
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Physical activity in kindergarten is a fundamental part of the child's educational process. Body experience and physical activity contribute to the development of self-awareness and the learning of different modes of expression, as well as encouraging the acquisition of physically active lifestyles. Recent scientific evidence has confirmed the role of physical activity in disease prevention and quality of life improvement, and stressed the importance of integrated educational programmes promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits. A key priority of scientific research is to identify the opportunities and methods of motor learning and to increase the daily physical activity levels of children by reducing sedentary time and promoting active play and transport (i.e. walking, cycling). Family, school and community involvement are all needed to assure adherence to the official guidelines on how much physical activity children need to boost their health and stave off obesity.

ACS Style

Dario Colella; Milena Morano. Gross motor development and physical activity in kindergarten age children. Pediatric Obesity 2011, 6, 33 -36.

AMA Style

Dario Colella, Milena Morano. Gross motor development and physical activity in kindergarten age children. Pediatric Obesity. 2011; 6 (S2):33-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dario Colella; Milena Morano. 2011. "Gross motor development and physical activity in kindergarten age children." Pediatric Obesity 6, no. S2: 33-36.

Comparative study
Published: 01 October 2011 in Pediatric Obesity
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Objective. The aim of the study was to examine the gross motor skill performance of overweight and non-overweight preschool children from South of Italy, and to investigate possible differences by gender. Methods. Participants were 38 boys and 42 girls (4.5 ± 0.5 yr) categorized as overweight (n = 38) and non-overweight (n = 42), according to the IOTF body mass index (BMI) cut-off points. The Test of Gross Motor Development was used to assess seven locomotor skills (run, gallop, hop, leap, horizontal jump, skip and slide) and five object-control skills (two-hand strike, stationary bounce, catch, kick and overhand throw). The raw, standard and percentile scores and the Gross Motor Development Quotient (GMDQ) were calculated for each participant. ANOVA 2 (gender) x 2 (group) was conducted on the subtest standard scores and the GMDQ. Results. No differences in performance were found between boys and girls on the subscale standard scores and the GMDQ. Significant main effects (p < 0.001) were reported for group on the GMDQ, and the standard scores for locomotor and object-control skills, with overweight children reporting lower movement competence than their counterparts. Pearson's correlations revealed relationships (p < 0.001) between BMI and locomotor (r =−0.54) and object-control (r = 20.48) skills, and between BMI and GMDQ (r = 20.54). Conclusions. Findings indicate that childhood obesity might have adverse effects on gross motor development. Overweight participants showed poorer performance on locomotor and object-control tasks than their non-overweight peers. Interventions to promote physical activity in overweight children should be directed towards achieving a healthy weight and motor skill improvement.

ACS Style

Milena Morano; Dario Colella; Margherita Caroli. Gross motor skill performance in a sample of overweight and non-overweight preschool children. Pediatric Obesity 2011, 6, 42 -46.

AMA Style

Milena Morano, Dario Colella, Margherita Caroli. Gross motor skill performance in a sample of overweight and non-overweight preschool children. Pediatric Obesity. 2011; 6 (S2):42-46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Morano; Dario Colella; Margherita Caroli. 2011. "Gross motor skill performance in a sample of overweight and non-overweight preschool children." Pediatric Obesity 6, no. S2: 42-46.

Papers
Published: 15 February 2011 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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The aim of the study was to examine the relationships among body image, perception of physical abilities, and motor performance in boys involved in organized individual (i.e. tennis, fencing, judo) and team (i.e. soccer, handball, volleyball) sports. Altogether, 162 children (12.6 ± 1.0 years) were categorized as normal-weight (n = 85) or overweight (n = 77). Body image was measured using Collins' Child Figure Drawings, while individuals' perceptions of strength, speed, and agility were assessed using the Perceived Physical Ability Scale. Fitness tests of the standing long jump, 20 m sprint, and 10 × 5 m shuttle-run were also administered. Overweight boys showed greater body dissatisfaction and lower actual physical abilities than normal-weight peers. Participants involved in team sports reported lower body dissatisfaction and better performances in the shuttle-run compared with those involved in individual sports. For boys participating in team sports, body dissatisfaction was a significant mediator of the effect of body mass index on perceived physical ability. Results may influence intervention efforts, suggesting that targeting personal, psychological, and physical factors may prove efficient across physical activity locations and weight groups.

ACS Style

Milena Morano; Dario Colella; Laura Capranica. Body image, perceived and actual physical abilities in normal-weight and overweight boys involved in individual and team sports. Journal of Sports Sciences 2011, 29, 355 -362.

AMA Style

Milena Morano, Dario Colella, Laura Capranica. Body image, perceived and actual physical abilities in normal-weight and overweight boys involved in individual and team sports. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2011; 29 (4):355-362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Morano; Dario Colella; Laura Capranica. 2011. "Body image, perceived and actual physical abilities in normal-weight and overweight boys involved in individual and team sports." Journal of Sports Sciences 29, no. 4: 355-362.

Comparative study
Published: 01 February 2009 in Perceptual and Motor Skills
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The purpose was to examine body image, perceived physical ability, and motor performance in nonoverweight (n = 105, 53 boys and 52 girls) and overweight (n = 105, 52 boys and 53 girls) children, ranging in age from 8 to 10 years and attending elementary schools in southeastern Italy. Body image was measured on Collins' Child Figure Drawings, while self-efficacy was assessed by the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children. Age-appropriate field-based tests of standing long jump, 1-kg medicine-ball throw, basketball throw, and 10-m and 20-m sprint from a standing position were also administered to gauge motor performance. Univariate analyses of variance [2 (group)×2 (sex)×3 (8, 9, 10 yr.)] showed that overweight children reported larger body-dissatisfaction scores, lower self-efficacy scores, and poorer performance on weight-bearing tasks than nonoverweight peers. In addition, boys had higher mean scores on physical self-efficacy and better performance on all motor tests. The correlation between Body Mass Index and body dissatisfaction was positive for boys and girls.

ACS Style

Dario Colella; Milena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Laura Bortoli. Body Image, Perceived Physical Ability, and Motor Performance in Nonoverweight and Overweight Italian Children. Perceptual and Motor Skills 2009, 108, 209 -218.

AMA Style

Dario Colella, Milena Morano, Claudio Robazza, Laura Bortoli. Body Image, Perceived Physical Ability, and Motor Performance in Nonoverweight and Overweight Italian Children. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2009; 108 (1):209-218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dario Colella; Milena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Laura Bortoli. 2009. "Body Image, Perceived Physical Ability, and Motor Performance in Nonoverweight and Overweight Italian Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 108, no. 1: 209-218.

Comparative study
Published: 01 February 2008 in Perceptual and Motor Skills
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The purpose of the study was to translate and adapt in the Italian language a questionnaire that could effectively assess perceived motivational climate in physical education. An Italian version of the Teacher-initiated Motivational Climate in Physical Education Questionnaire proposed by Papaioannou (1998) was administered to 1,681 young students, 840 girls and 841 boys, ages 11 to 14 years. Data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis to assess the goodness of fit of the expected two-factor solution constituted by a Mastery Climate scale (six items) and a Performance Climate scale (six items). A good fit was indicated between the observed data and theoretical model and supported the two-dimensional structure of the test. In the total sample, the Mastery factor accounted for 33.6% of the variance and the Performance factor accounted for 15.4%. Cronbach α of the Mastery and Performance scales were .79 and .70, respectively.

ACS Style

Laura Bortoli; Dario Colella; Milena Morano; Marika Berchicci; Maurizio Bertollo; Claudio Robazza. Teacher-Initiated Motivational Climate in Physical Education Questionnaire in an Italian Sample. Perceptual and Motor Skills 2008, 106, 207 -14.

AMA Style

Laura Bortoli, Dario Colella, Milena Morano, Marika Berchicci, Maurizio Bertollo, Claudio Robazza. Teacher-Initiated Motivational Climate in Physical Education Questionnaire in an Italian Sample. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2008; 106 (1):207-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Bortoli; Dario Colella; Milena Morano; Marika Berchicci; Maurizio Bertollo; Claudio Robazza. 2008. "Teacher-Initiated Motivational Climate in Physical Education Questionnaire in an Italian Sample." Perceptual and Motor Skills 106, no. 1: 207-14.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2008 in Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal
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The purpose of the study was to develop a physical self-efficacy scale to assess children's perception of personal strength, speed, and coordinative abilities. A 6-item scale, titled Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children, was presented to a sample of 1914 children, 997 girls and 917 boys, ranging in age from 8 to 10 years, drawn from 15 elementary schools representing different regions of Italy. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the data provided support for the internal validity and reliability of a single factor structure of the scale across sex and age categories. It is argued that the scale can be used for both research and applied purposes.

ACS Style

Dario Colella; Milena Morano; Laura Bortoli; Claudio Robazza. A PHYSICAL SELF-EFFICACY SCALE FOR CHILDREN. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 2008, 36, 841 -848.

AMA Style

Dario Colella, Milena Morano, Laura Bortoli, Claudio Robazza. A PHYSICAL SELF-EFFICACY SCALE FOR CHILDREN. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal. 2008; 36 (6):841-848.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dario Colella; Milena Morano; Laura Bortoli; Claudio Robazza. 2008. "A PHYSICAL SELF-EFFICACY SCALE FOR CHILDREN." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, no. 6: 841-848.

Dataset
Published: 01 January 2007 in PsycEXTRA Dataset
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ACS Style

Milena Morano; Laura Bortoli; Italo Sannicandro; Dario Colella. The relationship between body image, physical self-efficacy and motor abilities in children. PsycEXTRA Dataset 2007, 1 .

AMA Style

Milena Morano, Laura Bortoli, Italo Sannicandro, Dario Colella. The relationship between body image, physical self-efficacy and motor abilities in children. PsycEXTRA Dataset. 2007; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milena Morano; Laura Bortoli; Italo Sannicandro; Dario Colella. 2007. "The relationship between body image, physical self-efficacy and motor abilities in children." PsycEXTRA Dataset , no. : 1.