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Youth sport experience provides opportunities for physical, personal, and social development in youngsters. Sport is a social system in which socially constructed gender differences and stereotypes are incorporated, and specific sport activities are often perceived as gender characterized. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between some salient physical and emotional self-perceptions and the type of sport practiced. A sample of 261 female athletes, aged 14–21 years (Mage = 15.59, SD = 2.00), practicing different sports, categorized as feminine (e.g., artistic and rhythmic gymnastics), masculine (e.g., soccer and rugby), or neutral (e.g., track and field and tennis), took part in a cross-sectional study. Significant differences were observed between aesthetic sports and other types of sports. Athletes involved in aesthetic sports reported the lowest values in their feelings of confidence and the highest values in feelings of worry related to competition. This may be attributed to the evaluation system of aesthetic sports, in which the athlete’s performance is evaluated by a jury. At the same time, they reported low values of dysfunctional psychobiosocial states associated with their general sport experience, likely because of their physical appearance close to the current body social standards for girls. Notwithstanding the differences by type of sport, athletes of all disciplines reported high mean values of functional psychobiosocial states, suggesting that their overall sporting experience was good.
Milena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Montse C. Ruiz; Stefania Cataldi; Francesco Fischetti; Laura Bortoli. Gender-Typed Sport Practice, Physical Self-Perceptions, and Performance-Related Emotions in Adolescent Girls. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8518 .
AMA StyleMilena Morano, Claudio Robazza, Montse C. Ruiz, Stefania Cataldi, Francesco Fischetti, Laura Bortoli. Gender-Typed Sport Practice, Physical Self-Perceptions, and Performance-Related Emotions in Adolescent Girls. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8518.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Montse C. Ruiz; Stefania Cataldi; Francesco Fischetti; Laura Bortoli. 2020. "Gender-Typed Sport Practice, Physical Self-Perceptions, and Performance-Related Emotions in Adolescent Girls." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8518.
With the current obesity epidemic and the decline of fitness among school-aged children, the importance of obesity interventions to promote physical activity and healthy habits has become indisputable. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a school-based multicomponent intervention in increasing physical activity (PA) levels, actual physical abilities, and perceived physical abilities in clinical and nonclinical samples of overweight/obese boys and girls aged 10–12 years. The clinical intervention group (n = 35) participated in a 7-month after-school program in addition to curricular physical education lessons, while the nonclinical control group (n = 29) received usual curricular lessons. Measures included levels of PA and fitness and individual’s perceptions of physical ability. After treatment, the intervention group showed improved PA levels, perceived physical ability, and throwing and jumping task performances compared to the control group. Results indicate that a multicomponent program can improve levels of PA, fitness, and perceived competence of overweight participants. Findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle program that includes physical, psychosocial, and behavioral factors and suggest practical implications for educators, trainers, and teachers in identifying best practices targeting childhood obesity.
Milena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Laura Bortoli; Irene Rutigliano; Montse C. Ruiz; Angelo Campanozzi. Physical Activity and Physical Competence in Overweight and Obese Children: An Intervention Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6370 .
AMA StyleMilena Morano, Claudio Robazza, Laura Bortoli, Irene Rutigliano, Montse C. Ruiz, Angelo Campanozzi. Physical Activity and Physical Competence in Overweight and Obese Children: An Intervention Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (17):6370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Laura Bortoli; Irene Rutigliano; Montse C. Ruiz; Angelo Campanozzi. 2020. "Physical Activity and Physical Competence in Overweight and Obese Children: An Intervention Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6370.
Sport participation in youngsters has been associated with long-lasting psychosocial and health-related benefits as well as increased levels of physical exercise in adulthood. The objective of this study was to examine some psychological factors of fundamental importance in enhancing sport participation and preventing burnout. A sample of 520 girls and boys aged 13–18 years, practicing individual or team sports, took part in a cross-sectional study to assess basic psychological need satisfaction, psychobiosocial states, and burnout symptoms. The specific purpose was to examine the mediation effects of emotion-related (i.e., functional/dysfunctional) psychobiosocial states on the relationship between basic psychological need satisfaction (i.e., autonomy-choice, competence, and relatedness) and burnout symptoms (i.e., emotional/physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation). Competence need satisfaction was found to be the most influential variable, with direct and indirect effects on burnout components, in particular, on a reduced sense of sport accomplishment. Overall, findings support the usefulness of investigating psychobiosocial states in youth sport and indicate that functional psychobiosocial states, as consequences of environmental motivational aspects, can have a significant effect on contrasting burnout symptoms.
Milena Morano; Laura Bortoli; Montse C. Ruiz; Claudio Robazza. Psychobiosocial States as Mediators of the Effects of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction on Burnout Symptoms in Youth Sport. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4447 .
AMA StyleMilena Morano, Laura Bortoli, Montse C. Ruiz, Claudio Robazza. Psychobiosocial States as Mediators of the Effects of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction on Burnout Symptoms in Youth Sport. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):4447.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilena Morano; Laura Bortoli; Montse C. Ruiz; Claudio Robazza. 2020. "Psychobiosocial States as Mediators of the Effects of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction on Burnout Symptoms in Youth Sport." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4447.
The obesity epidemic and the decline of fitness among children highlights the need for suitable interventions designed to promote Physical Activity (PA) and healthy habits. The purpose of our pilot study was to assess the feasibility of a school-based program among overweight and obese children, by examining changes in their body composition, PA, physical fitness, and some psychosocial determinants of active behavior. An additional objective was to investigate the reciprocal relationship over time between PA and body image. Self-reported PA and health-related fitness tests were administered to 18 overweight and obese children (11.3 ± 0.4 years), before and after a 6-month intervention including nutritional education, skill-learning, playful physical activities, and exercise training. Participants were assessed on body composition, perceived physical ability, body image, and pleasant and unpleasant psychobiosocial states towards PA. After treatment, children showed decreased body mass index, body fat percentage, arm and waist circumferences, and skinfold thickness. Actual and perceived physical abilities, body image, and PA also improved over six months. Cross-lagged correlations suggest body image to be an antecedent to being physically active. Results showed that the multi-component school program may have sustainable benefits in reducing adiposity indicators and improving exercise adherence, physical fitness, and psychological well-being.
Milena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Irene Rutigliano; Laura Bortoli; Montse C. Ruiz; Angelo Campanozzi. Changes in Physical Activity, Motor Performance, and Psychosocial Determinants of Active Behavior in Children: A Pilot School-Based Obesity Program. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1128 .
AMA StyleMilena Morano, Claudio Robazza, Irene Rutigliano, Laura Bortoli, Montse C. Ruiz, Angelo Campanozzi. Changes in Physical Activity, Motor Performance, and Psychosocial Determinants of Active Behavior in Children: A Pilot School-Based Obesity Program. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilena Morano; Claudio Robazza; Irene Rutigliano; Laura Bortoli; Montse C. Ruiz; Angelo Campanozzi. 2020. "Changes in Physical Activity, Motor Performance, and Psychosocial Determinants of Active Behavior in Children: A Pilot School-Based Obesity Program." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1128.
In the context of a 6-mo obesity program, incorporating school- and family-based components, nutritional education, fun-type skill-learning physical activities, and exercise training, this study examined relationships among changes in nutritional status, physical fitness, and some psychosocial and behavioral treatment-related outcomes, using a before and after comparison.Eighteen obese and overweight children ages 10 to 12 y were assessed with respect to body weight, height, circumferences, skinfold thickness, and fat mass. Health-related fitness tests, and self-reported physical activity enjoyment and perceived physical ability also were administered. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was evaluated using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; dietary habits were collected using a 7-d food diary. The WinFood software was used for the estimation of nutrient and caloric intake.After treatment, children showed decreases in body mass index z-score (P = 0.001), body fat percentage (P < 0.001), arm (P = 0.003) and waist circumferences (P = 0.004), and skinfold thickness (P < 0.008). Actual (P < 0.001) and perceived (P < 0.03) physical abilities, physical activity enjoyment (P = 0.03), and psychosocial HRQoL (P < 0.05) also improved from pre- to postintervention. Participants reported reductions in total and commercial food caloric intakes (P < 0.001), with higher protein and lower fat consumptions (P < 0.001) after the program.The findings from the present study highlight the importance of combined dietary-behavioral-physical activity interventions in overweight children, and place emphasis on directing such interventions toward improving perceived physical competence that could lead to increased exercise adherence and promotion of the health benefits associated with it.
Milena Morano; Irene Rutigliano; Alfonso Rago; Massimo Pettoello Mantovani; Angelo Campanozzi. A multicomponent, school-initiated obesity intervention to promote healthy lifestyles in children. Nutrition 2016, 32, 1075 -1080.
AMA StyleMilena Morano, Irene Rutigliano, Alfonso Rago, Massimo Pettoello Mantovani, Angelo Campanozzi. A multicomponent, school-initiated obesity intervention to promote healthy lifestyles in children. Nutrition. 2016; 32 (10):1075-1080.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilena Morano; Irene Rutigliano; Alfonso Rago; Massimo Pettoello Mantovani; Angelo Campanozzi. 2016. "A multicomponent, school-initiated obesity intervention to promote healthy lifestyles in children." Nutrition 32, no. 10: 1075-1080.
(1) To examine relationships among changes in physical activity, physical fitness and some psychosocial determinants of activity behavior in a clinical sample of obese children involved in a multi-component program; (2) to investigate the causal relationship over time between physical activity and one of its strongest correlates (i.e. perceived physical ability). Self-reported physical activity and health-related fitness tests were administered before and after a 9-month intervention in 24 boys and 20 girls aged 8 to 11 years. Individuals’ perceptions of strength, speed and agility were assessed using the Perceived Physical Ability Scale, while body image was measured using Collins’ Child Figure Drawings. Findings showed that body mass index, physical activity, performances on throwing and weight-bearing tasks, perceived physical ability and body image significantly improved after treatment among obese children. Gender differences were found in the correlational analyses, showing a link between actual and perceived physical abilities in boys, but not in girls. For the specific measurement interval of this study, perception of physical ability was an antecedent and not a potential consequence of physical activity. Results indicate that a multi-component activity program not based merely on a dose-effect approach enhances adherence of the participants and has the potential to increase the lifelong exercise skills of obese children. Rather than focusing entirely on diet and weight loss, findings support the inclusion of interventions directed toward improving perceived physical ability that is predictive of subsequent physical activity.
Milena Morano; Dario Colella; Irene Rutigliano; Pietro Fiore; Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani; Angelo Campanozzi. Changes In Actual And Perceived Physical Abilities In Clinically Obese Children: A 9-Month Multi-Component Intervention Study. PLOS ONE 2012, 7, e50782 .
AMA StyleMilena Morano, Dario Colella, Irene Rutigliano, Pietro Fiore, Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani, Angelo Campanozzi. Changes In Actual And Perceived Physical Abilities In Clinically Obese Children: A 9-Month Multi-Component Intervention Study. PLOS ONE. 2012; 7 (12):e50782.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilena Morano; Dario Colella; Irene Rutigliano; Pietro Fiore; Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani; Angelo Campanozzi. 2012. "Changes In Actual And Perceived Physical Abilities In Clinically Obese Children: A 9-Month Multi-Component Intervention Study." PLOS ONE 7, no. 12: e50782.
Objective. The aim of the study was to examine the gross motor skill performance of overweight and non-overweight preschool children from South of Italy, and to investigate possible differences by gender. Methods. Participants were 38 boys and 42 girls (4.5 ± 0.5 yr) categorized as overweight (n = 38) and non-overweight (n = 42), according to the IOTF body mass index (BMI) cut-off points. The Test of Gross Motor Development was used to assess seven locomotor skills (run, gallop, hop, leap, horizontal jump, skip and slide) and five object-control skills (two-hand strike, stationary bounce, catch, kick and overhand throw). The raw, standard and percentile scores and the Gross Motor Development Quotient (GMDQ) were calculated for each participant. ANOVA 2 (gender) x 2 (group) was conducted on the subtest standard scores and the GMDQ. Results. No differences in performance were found between boys and girls on the subscale standard scores and the GMDQ. Significant main effects (p < 0.001) were reported for group on the GMDQ, and the standard scores for locomotor and object-control skills, with overweight children reporting lower movement competence than their counterparts. Pearson's correlations revealed relationships (p < 0.001) between BMI and locomotor (r =−0.54) and object-control (r = 20.48) skills, and between BMI and GMDQ (r = 20.54). Conclusions. Findings indicate that childhood obesity might have adverse effects on gross motor development. Overweight participants showed poorer performance on locomotor and object-control tasks than their non-overweight peers. Interventions to promote physical activity in overweight children should be directed towards achieving a healthy weight and motor skill improvement.
Milena Morano; Dario Colella; Margherita Caroli. Gross motor skill performance in a sample of overweight and non-overweight preschool children. Pediatric Obesity 2011, 6, 42 -46.
AMA StyleMilena Morano, Dario Colella, Margherita Caroli. Gross motor skill performance in a sample of overweight and non-overweight preschool children. Pediatric Obesity. 2011; 6 (S2):42-46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilena Morano; Dario Colella; Margherita Caroli. 2011. "Gross motor skill performance in a sample of overweight and non-overweight preschool children." Pediatric Obesity 6, no. S2: 42-46.
The aim of the study was to examine the relationships among body image, perception of physical abilities, and motor performance in boys involved in organized individual (i.e. tennis, fencing, judo) and team (i.e. soccer, handball, volleyball) sports. Altogether, 162 children (12.6 ± 1.0 years) were categorized as normal-weight (n = 85) or overweight (n = 77). Body image was measured using Collins' Child Figure Drawings, while individuals' perceptions of strength, speed, and agility were assessed using the Perceived Physical Ability Scale. Fitness tests of the standing long jump, 20 m sprint, and 10 × 5 m shuttle-run were also administered. Overweight boys showed greater body dissatisfaction and lower actual physical abilities than normal-weight peers. Participants involved in team sports reported lower body dissatisfaction and better performances in the shuttle-run compared with those involved in individual sports. For boys participating in team sports, body dissatisfaction was a significant mediator of the effect of body mass index on perceived physical ability. Results may influence intervention efforts, suggesting that targeting personal, psychological, and physical factors may prove efficient across physical activity locations and weight groups.
Milena Morano; Dario Colella; Laura Capranica. Body image, perceived and actual physical abilities in normal-weight and overweight boys involved in individual and team sports. Journal of Sports Sciences 2011, 29, 355 -362.
AMA StyleMilena Morano, Dario Colella, Laura Capranica. Body image, perceived and actual physical abilities in normal-weight and overweight boys involved in individual and team sports. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2011; 29 (4):355-362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilena Morano; Dario Colella; Laura Capranica. 2011. "Body image, perceived and actual physical abilities in normal-weight and overweight boys involved in individual and team sports." Journal of Sports Sciences 29, no. 4: 355-362.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among physical self-perception, body image and motor performance in Italian middle school students. Two hundred and sixty children were categorized into normal-weight (n=103), overweight (n=86) or obese (n=71) groups. Perceived coordination, body fat and sports competence were assessed using the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, while body image was measured using Collins' Child Figure Drawings. Individuals' perceptions of strength, speed and agility were assessed using the Perceived Physical Ability Scale. Tests involving the standing long jump, 2 kg medicine-ball throw, 10 × 5 m shuttle-run and 20 and 30 m sprints were also administered. Girls, when compared with boys, and overweight and obese participants, when compared with normal-weight peers, reported lower perceived and actual physical competence, higher perceived body fat and greater body dissatisfaction. Body dissatisfaction mediated all the associations between body mass index (BMI) and the different aspects of physical self-perception in boys, but not in girls. The same pattern of results was found for physical self-perception as a mediator of the relationship between BMI and body dissatisfaction. In conclusion, obesity proved to have adverse effects on both motor performance and physical self-perception.
M. Morano; D. Colella; Claudio Robazza; L. Bortoli; L. Capranica. Physical self-perception and motor performance in normal-weight, overweight and obese children. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2010, 21, 465 -473.
AMA StyleM. Morano, D. Colella, Claudio Robazza, L. Bortoli, L. Capranica. Physical self-perception and motor performance in normal-weight, overweight and obese children. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2010; 21 (3):465-473.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Morano; D. Colella; Claudio Robazza; L. Bortoli; L. Capranica. 2010. "Physical self-perception and motor performance in normal-weight, overweight and obese children." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 21, no. 3: 465-473.
Milena Morano; Laura Bortoli; Italo Sannicandro; Dario Colella. The relationship between body image, physical self-efficacy and motor abilities in children. PsycEXTRA Dataset 2007, 1 .
AMA StyleMilena Morano, Laura Bortoli, Italo Sannicandro, Dario Colella. The relationship between body image, physical self-efficacy and motor abilities in children. PsycEXTRA Dataset. 2007; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilena Morano; Laura Bortoli; Italo Sannicandro; Dario Colella. 2007. "The relationship between body image, physical self-efficacy and motor abilities in children." PsycEXTRA Dataset , no. : 1.