The propensity of manufacturers to produce goods at affordable cost, with more accuracy, and at a faster rate force them to search for novel solutions, such as deploying robots in place of people in a sector that can accommodate their needs. Welding is one of the most crucial processes in the automotive industry. This process is time-consuming, subject to error, and demands skilled professionals. The robotic application can improve this area of production and quality. Other industries, such as painting and material handling, can also profit from the use of robots. This work describes the fuzzy DC linear servo controller, which functions as a robotic arm actuator. Robots have been widely employed in most productive sectors in recent years, including assembly plates, welding, tasks at higher temperatures, etc. Controlling a robot accurately is a difficult undertaking as a robot is very nonlinear with many joints that are often organized and unstructured. To carry out the effective task, an effective PID control based on fuzzy logic has been employed together with the method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach for the estimate of the parameter. This offline technique determines the lowest number of optimal robotic arm control parameters. To verify the controller design with computer simulation, a comparative assessment of controllers is given by means of a fuzzy surveillance controller with PSO which improves the parameter gain to provide a rapid climb, a smaller overflow, no steady condition error signal, and effective torque control of the robot arm.

The renewable energy is expanding in the sub-systems of distribution electrical grids, due to having low energy costs and high reliability. In this study, off-grid design of the hybrid energy system based-renewable resources is proposed for a house in Hamadan city in Iran. The resources are designed based on economic and climate data such as battery, solar cells, wind turbines, and electrolyser/fuel cell. The design of mentioned resources is done with attention to twofold optimization modelling including operation cost (OC) and net present cost (NPC). The modelling of resources is implemented in HOMER software based on optimal sizing and installation costs. In the numerical simulation, the three optimal designs are presented to meet electrical demand with minimum costs and high reliability.

In this study, the thermodynamic performance of a combined gas turbine system equipped with a tubular solid oxide fuel cell and hydrogen fuel was investigated. All components of the system were separately modeled using thermodynamic relations. The simulation results showed that the efficiency of the combined system decreased with an increase in the turbine inlet temperature, whereas the power of the system increased. In addition, increasing the temperature entering the turbine and increasing the pressure ratio increased the production entropy and, as a result, increased the irreversibility of the system. The results of the research at the design point showed that 65% of the irreversibility of the system was caused by the combustion chamber and fuel cell (35% of the amount of entropy produced, the contribution of the combustion chamber, and 30% of the contribution of the solid oxide fuel cell) and 19% was due to the contribution of the heat exchanger. In addition, the combined system has an efficiency of 9.81%, while the system without a fuel cell has an efficiency of 33.4%, which shows the extraordinary performance of the combined system.

Today, using systems based on renewable resources is a suitable alternative to fossil fuels. However, due to problems such as the lack of access in all the times needed to supply cargo and high-investment cost, it has not been well-received. Therefore, in this research, the modeling of the photovoltaic system with battery storage has been done to supply the required load, and various scenarios have been evaluated in terms of economic parameters and reliability indicators of the studied system for a better understanding of the comparison indicators. It has been evaluated from two modes, one connected to the network and one disconnected from the network. One of the important results is the supply of 56% of the load by the photovoltaic cell in the presence of the grid, which, in this scenario, the electrical load is supplied by the photovoltaic cell and the grid is 164.155 kWh/yr and 128.504 kWh/yr, respectively.

The exhaust of an automotive engine is one of the main causes of air pollution. These days, many researchers are investigating the waste heat recovery of automotive engines. A two-cylinder gamma-type Stirling engine is chosen for this purpose. The exhaust of a diesel engine is chosen as a heat input source for this purpose. This work explains the isothermal, ideal adiabatic, and non-ideal simple analysis of the Stirling engine. A set of differential equations are solved using Runge-Kutta 4th order method using MATLAB software. These equations describe the pressure, pressure variation, mass, mass flow, and energy flow in the Stirling engine which estimate the power and efficiency. Using non-ideal simple analysis, pressure drop analysis, piston finite speed, heat transfer losses of Stirling engine are calculated. The power estimated by isothermal, adiabatic, simple, and experimental analysis is 133.82 W, 143.75 W, 93.2 W, 111.43 W, and thermal efficiency is 30.70 %, 30.90%, 21.20%, 24.70% respectively. The results of these models are in close agreement with the experimental results.

This work presents a novel, highly sensitive, and directional piezoelectric cantilever-based micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device conceived using a biomimetic approach of a fish’s lateral line system for marine sensing robotics. The device will consist of twelve cantilevers with different lengths in a cross-shaped configuration made with a piezoelectric thin film (PZT, ZnO, BaTiO₃) embedded between the top and bottom metals, Platinum (Pt) and Aluminum (Al), used as electrodes. This unique design of cantilevers in circular shapes has the advantage of directional response. A comparative study of these piezoelectric materials was performed analytically through the finite element method to design, model, and simulate our device in COMSOL software. Cantilever microstructures were simulated with lengths ranging from 100 to 1000 mm. The results show that PZT has the best performance with these materials. The maximum potential voltage was shown as 1.9 mV using the PZT material cantilever with 29 µm displacement.