The impacts of climate change (CC) on all spheres of human life are evident worldwide. Fish is the premier protein source, and its production in Bangladesh is mainly dependent on hatchery-based seed production. However, hatchery productivity is disrupted every year due to CC. This study assesses the impacts of CC on fish seed production in hatcheries from the perspective of hatchery owners. A semi-structured questionnaire survey was conducted with 60 hatchery owners in five sub-districts (Trishal, Mymensingh Sadar, Gouripur, Fulbaria, and Muktagacha) of the Mymensingh district, the highest aquaculture-producing zone in Bangladesh. Characteristically, hatchery owners are middle-aged and highly educated, with over a decade of experience in fish hatchery management. Likert scale results showed that hatchery owners concur with the evidence of CC, as seen by changes in air and water temperatures, rainfall, and sunlight intensity, as well as frequent natural disasters. Regression analysis showed that erratic rainfall, high temperature, and high solar radiation significantly influenced the hatchery owners’ perceptions of CC. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to divide the impact of CC into 12 components. Maximum variance (>70%) observed could be explained by problems related to embryonic and physiological development of fish fry, environmental changes, disease outbreaks, and poor growth of broodfish. The first PCA explained over 50% of the variances, with significantly higher factor loadings, comprising poor gonadal maturation, low hatching rate, poor egg and seed quality, low fecundity, and poor sperm quality of broodfish. The first PCA confirmed that the impacts of CC on fish hatchery operations were severe. Planting trees on the hatchery premises, aeration of brood ponds, increased water supply, and temperature control can be implemented to address the negative impacts on fish hatcheries. Further research in the laboratory and hatchery environments is needed.

Tilapia farming has expanded rapidly in Bangladesh over the years thanks to a suitable climate for aquaculture and a consistently increasing demand for the fish rich in vitamins and minerals. A clear picture regarding the future trend of tilapia production in Bangladesh is still not available, however. The purpose of this study was to estimate parameters that fit into the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for forecasting tilapia production in Bangladesh. This was accomplished by calibrating and validating the ARIMA model taking into account the lowest values of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), graphical arrangements of autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) plots. The best model derived was ARIMA (1, 1, 1), which showed an upward trend of tilapia production since 2006 to date and predicted a similar trend until the year 2040. If this trend continues, the yearly tilapia outturn in the country may reach 690,000 MT, with an upper limit of 1.15 million MT and lower limit of 0.23 million MT, reflecting a substantial increase of around 118% over that produced in 2021. The results of this study will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, decision-makers, academics, and tilapia entrepreneurs, enabling them to develop effective action plans to optimize tilapia production in Bangladesh and strategize for the future integration of tilapia within the country.

In terms of hatchery-based seed production, one of the most important aquaculture species in Bangladesh is the stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis). Scientific and evidence-based embryonic and larval development research on this fish species in the context of climate change is limited. This experimental study was conducted via induced breeding of stinging catfish using a conventional hatchery system, rearing the larvae in hapas placed in ponds. A series of microscopic observations using a trinocular digital microscope and an analysis of the relationship between larval growth and climate-driven water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, and ammonia were performed. During embryonic development, the first cleavage was observed between 30 and 35 min of post-fertilization. Embryonic development (ranging from the 2-cell to the pre-hatching stage) took 21:00 h. Hatching occurred at 22:30 to 23:00 h after fertilization, with an average larvae length of 2.78 ± 0.04 mm. In the post-hatching stage, four pairs of tiny barbels appeared at 36:00 h, and the larvae started feeding exogenously after 72:00 h. These larvae fully absorbed their yolk sacs on the 6th day and attained an average length of 6.44 ± 0.06 mm. Aerial respiration of the larvae was investigated through naked-eye observation on the 10th day of hatching. The average length of the larvae was 32.00 ± 2.0 mm at the end of the 30-day post-hatching observation period. Bivariate correlation analysis showed significant correlations between key climatic variables and water quality parameters under hapa-based larval-rearing conditions. According to canonical correlation analysis, the first canonical function revealed the highest significant correlation between the two sets of variables (r1 = 0.791). The response variable weight of larvae (6.607) was linked to two explanatory variables: pH (0.321) and dissolved oxygen (0.265). For the second canonical correlation function, a positive correlation (0.431) was observed between the two sets of variables. Larval weight (−18.304) was observed to be linked to climatic variables, including air temperature (−0.316) and surface pressure (0.338). Results of this study reveal the subtle correlation between larval growth and water quality driven by climatic variables.

Integrated aquaculture is an efficient method to address food scarcity and land resources. This study analysed the impacts of integrated rice–prawn–vegetable farms (RPVF) compared with conventional rice farms (CRF) on farming households in southwest Bangladesh, in terms of cropping pattern, financial profitability and viability, and cash-flow. Data were collected through face-to-face recall interviews from farmers of CRF and RPVF. For RPVF, farmers cultivated diverse produce in the wet season, such as prawn/shrimp, carps in reservoirs and vegetables on dikes, and boro rice with vegetables in the dry season, whereas only rice was cultivated in both seasons for CRF. The annual hectare⁻¹ net revenue from integrated RPVF was USD 2742.7, 3.6 times higher than for CRF (USD 756.6). RPVF had a higher undiscounted benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 1.58 as compared with 1.34 for CRF. Net Present Value (NPV) and discounted BCR show that the integrated RPVF has higher potential and profitability than CRF. Year-round vegetable production and selling have resulted in a smooth cash-flow in integrated RPVF. Authorised extension agencies, such as the Department of Fisheries and Department of Agricultural Extension collaboratively can promote RPVF in other potential parts of Bangladesh, through which farmers can benefit year after year by investing farm income for the same farm and envisage food security.

This study examines the impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture in Bangladesh, one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world. The fisheries and aquaculture sectors contribute significantly to the national GDP and support the livelihoods of 12% of the total population. Using a Critical Literature Review (CLR) approach, peer-reviewed articles, government reports, and official datasets published between 2006 and 2025 were reviewed across databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, FAO, and the Bangladesh Department of Fisheries (DoF). The analysis identifies major climate drivers, including rising temperature, erratic rainfall, salinity intrusion, sea-level rise, floods, droughts, cyclones, and extreme events, and reviews their differentiated impacts on key components of the sector: inland capture fisheries, marine fisheries, and aquaculture systems. For inland capture fisheries, the review highlights habitat degradation, biodiversity loss, and disrupted fish migration and breeding cycles. In aquaculture, particularly in coastal systems, this study reviews the challenges posed by disease outbreaks, water quality deterioration, and disruptions in seed supply, affecting species such as carp, tilapia, pangasius, and shrimp. Coastal aquaculture is also particularly vulnerable to cyclones, tidal surges, and saline water intrusion, with documented economic losses from events such as Cyclones Yaas, Bulbul, Amphan, and Remal. The study synthesizes key findings related to climate-resilient aquaculture practices, monitoring frameworks, ecosystem-based approaches, and community-based adaptation strategies. It underscores the need for targeted interventions, especially in coastal areas facing increasing salinity levels and frequent storms. This study calls for collective action through policy interventions, research and development, and the promotion of climate-smart technologies to enhance resilience and sustain fisheries and aquaculture in the context of a rapidly changing climate.