Background: Even though various studies recognize the importance of the oral cavity to have general health, in multidisciplinary professional practice it is almost always excluded and on an individual basis, very commonly neglected. Oral diseases are preventable, still, they are highly prevalent. Although some studies consider oral health within integral health, currently, there is no model in which the mouth is integrated within other levels for the achievement of well-being. The objective of this article was to review the importance of oral health and its connection with well-being and, based on these findings, propose a complex and comprehensive perspective for approach and care.Methods: The databases MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar were revised for randomized controlled trials and reviews that included search terms related to oral health and its relationship with the general health in its different levels (physical, psychological, social and environmental).Results: The review shows that oral health is critical, as the teeth and mouth are not only an integral part of the body, but also, they also support and enable essential human functions. That is, oral health has a multidimensional nature, as it includes the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains that are essential for overall health and well-being. Likewise, the mouth is the psychological seat of the first physiological needs and emotional gratifications, with it we take a taste of the world around us. Thus, the mouth plays an important role in the feeling of unity and in the constitution of the self. Based on these results we propose an integrative model in which the mouth is the first step for well-being and from this integrative model we build a multidisciplinary approach which could be used in the clinical practice for the promotion of oral care and general health.Conclusion: The effort on the part of oral health professionals is essential for people's well-being and must be integrated as part of health promotion. Dental treatments alone cannot solve this problem, it requires a comprehensive and approach in which the bio-psychological, behavioral, and socio-environmental determinants are included to face this global oral health challenge. That is, without a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to medical science that includes dental and oral health, our public policies cannot provide the best answers to health promotion, disease prevention, early detection, and treatment.

Gestational stress is believed to increase the risk of pregnancy failure and perinatal and adult morbidity and mortality in both the mother and her child or children. However, some contradictions might arise from methodological issues or even from differences in the philosophical grounds that guide the studies on gestational stress. Biased perspectives could lead us to use and/or design inadequate/incomplete panels of biochemical determinations and/or psychological instruments to diagnose it accurately during pregnancy, a psychoneuroimmune-endocrine state in which allostatic loads may be significant. Here, we review these notions and propose a model to evaluate and diagnose stress during pregnancy.

Aims: This paper aimed to analyze the internal structure of the Spanish version of the Ryff’s psychological wellbeing scale (PWBS-E) among college students (n = 1700, 54.75% females, Mage = 19.23) who attend a public institution located in Veracruz, Mexico. Method: The internal structure of the PWBS-E was assessed using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), while the reliability of the construct was estimated with the ù coefficient and the reliability of the scores, with the α coefficient. Results: suggested that a short and unidimensional structure (19 items) provides greater empirical support. In addition, a method factor associated with inverted items in multidimensional models was evidenced. Regarding the reliability, acceptable indicators were found in both levels (construct and scores). Conclusions: This paper addresses both the findings and practical implications of the short version of the PWBS-E among college students. Objetivos: realizar el análisis de la estructura interna de la versión en español de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (PWBS-E) en estudiantes universitarios (n = 1700; 54.75% mujeres; Medad = 19.23) de una institución pública en Veracruz, México. Método: La estructura interna de la PWBS-E fue evaluada mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA), el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorio (ESEM) y el análisis factorial exploratorio (EFA). La confiabilidad del constructo fue estimada con el coeficiente α y de las puntuaciones con el coeficiente α. Resultados: indicaron que una estructura unidimensional y breve (19 ítems) posee mayor respaldo empírico. Además, se evidenció la existencia de un factor de método asociado a ítems invertidos en los modelos multidimensionales. En cuanto a la confiabilidad, se hallaron indicadores aceptables en ambos niveles (constructo y puntuaciones). Conclusiones: se discuten los hallazgos y las implicancias prácticas de la versión breve de la PWBS-E en universitarios. Objetivos: realizar a análise da estrutura interna de a versão em espanhol da escala de bem-estar Ryff Psychological (PWBS-E) em estudantes estudantes universitários (n = 1700; 54,75% mulheres; Medad = 19,23) de uma instituição pública em Veracruz, México. Método: A estrutura interna do PWBS-E foi avaliada por análise fatorial confirmatória (CFA), a modelagem de equações estruturais exploratórias (ESEM) e análise fatorial exploratória (EFA). O a confiabilidade da construção foi estimada com o coeficiente α e as pontuações com o coeficiente α. Resultados: indicou que uma estrutura Unidimensional e breve (19 itens) tem maior apoio empírico Além disso, a existência de um fator foi evidenciada do método associado aos itens investidos nos modelos multidimensional Quanto à confiabilidade, é eles encontraram indicadores aceitáveis ​​nos dois níveis (construto e pontuações). Conclusões: são discutidas os resultados e implicações práticas da versão resumo do PWBS-E em estudantes universitários.

Uno de los instrumentos con mayor evidencia empírica y versatilidad para el estudio de las emociones y la motivación es el Sistema Internacional de Imágenes Afectivas (International Affective Picture System, IAPS). Sin embargo, no ha sido probado en población mexicana, por esta razón el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar los valores normativos en valencia, arousal y dominancia para los conjuntos 13, 14, 19 y 20 del IAPS en población mexicana e identificar las diferencias con países de América (Colombia y Estados Unidos). Participaron 408 estudiantes quienes evaluaron 238 imágenes del IAPS a través del Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). Los resultados mostraron que la distribución de las imágenes en el espacio afectivo bidimensional (valencia-arousal) adoptan la forma esperada de boomerang, coincidiendo con lo encontrado en otras poblaciones. Sin embargo, en población mexicana es más fuerte la relación entre valencia apetitiva y arousal que entre valencia aversiva y arousal.. En conclusión, los valores normativos de los conjuntos 13, 14, 19 y 20 pueden ser utilizados en población mexicana para el estudio objetivo de las emociones.