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Dr. Ilenia Farina
University of Naples Parthenope, Dept. of Engineering

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Life Cycle Assessment
0 3D printing
0 Waste materials
0 Fiber reinforced composite materials
0 Recycled aggregates and functional materials

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Short Biography

Ilenia Farina is a post-doc in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Naples Parthenope. She received her PhD in Energy Science and Engineering and her Master Degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Naples “Parthenope”. In 2013, she received a Postgraduate Certificate in “Materials Science and Engineering” at the University of Sheffield (UK); the title of her dissertation was “Plasma treatments of polymers for increased adhesion in composite materials”. In 2012, she graduated in Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Salerno, submitting a final project titled “Mechanical properties and manufacturing process of innovative sustainable cementitious materials”. Her research interests deal with the development of innovative materials for sustainable constructions. She has conducted experimental studies to demonstrate the employability of plastic fibres obtained from waste plastic as dispersed reinforcement in cementitious materials. Furthermore, she has also developed new fibre geometries, with the aim of enhancing the thermo-mechanical performance of fibre reinforced concrete and mortars. Her current research activity focuses on the development of new fibre-reinforced materials using conventional raw materials as well as inorganic waste materials. She is author of several scientific papers published in international peer-reviewed journal and international conference proceedings.

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Conference
Washington
Date: 25-27 September 2021
Conference organizer :
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Ilenia Farina
Journal article
Published: 23 July 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns requires urgent actions to combat climate change and its impacts as established by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this context, this study demonstrates the feasibility to produce structural concrete using recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste in Italy. More specifically, the present research aims to analyze the environmental impacts caused by five mixtures of concrete, with similar mechanical properties and workability, but with a different amount of recycled coarse aggregate and natural coarse aggregate (0% - 30% - 50% - 70% - 100%). Fixed plant and a mobile plant treatments are investigated as two different modes of production of recycled aggregates. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is applied to achieve this goal. The main results demonstrate that mixtures formed by recycled coarse aggregates have a better environmental impacts than the only one formed exclusively by natural coarse aggregates and results improve when the amount of recycled coarse aggregate is higher.

ACS Style

Francesco Colangelo; Antonella Petrillo; Ilenia Farina. Comparative environmental evaluation of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition wastes in Italy. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 798, 149250 .

AMA Style

Francesco Colangelo, Antonella Petrillo, Ilenia Farina. Comparative environmental evaluation of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition wastes in Italy. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 798 ():149250.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Colangelo; Antonella Petrillo; Ilenia Farina. 2021. "Comparative environmental evaluation of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition wastes in Italy." Science of The Total Environment 798, no. : 149250.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The aim of this research is to evaluate the possibility of using an eco-sustainable geopolymer binder, through the development of innovative technologies capable of offering tools for the water systems management, for the enhancement and protection of environmental resources. Specifically, a hydraulic pipeline made of geopolymer mortar has been designed as prototype. A detailed comparative environmental assessment analysis of unreinforced and reinforced geopolymer prototypes has been conducted using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The LCA study has been performed to determine the environmental performance of the different mix designs and to identify the most important factors contributing to their environmental burdens. The results of the analysis indicate that the advantages of geopolymers make them a valid alternative to traditional binders in many industrial environments and in this case in the realization of useful artifacts for hydraulic engineering.

ACS Style

Francesco Colangelo; Ilenia Farina; Marta Travaglioni; Cinzia Salzano; Raffaele Cioffi; Antonella Petrillo. Eco-efficient industrial waste recycling for the manufacturing of fibre reinforced innovative geopolymer mortars: Integrated waste management and green product development through LCA. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 312, 127777 .

AMA Style

Francesco Colangelo, Ilenia Farina, Marta Travaglioni, Cinzia Salzano, Raffaele Cioffi, Antonella Petrillo. Eco-efficient industrial waste recycling for the manufacturing of fibre reinforced innovative geopolymer mortars: Integrated waste management and green product development through LCA. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 312 ():127777.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Colangelo; Ilenia Farina; Marta Travaglioni; Cinzia Salzano; Raffaele Cioffi; Antonella Petrillo. 2021. "Eco-efficient industrial waste recycling for the manufacturing of fibre reinforced innovative geopolymer mortars: Integrated waste management and green product development through LCA." Journal of Cleaner Production 312, no. : 127777.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2021 in Materials
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In the last 20 years, there have been a series of seismic events in Italy that have caused serious damage to civil and building structures. This has led to a significant increase in the use of concrete for the reconstruction of new structures and the repair of existing structures damaged by earthquakes. At the same time, the concrete industry is responsible for the most significant environmental damage during the life cycle of the built environment. The environmental disadvantages characterizing the concrete industry are related to the constant growth of the exploitation of natural aggregates. Therefore, it is necessary to use alternative and innovative aggregates that provide good concrete performance and lower environmental impacts. In this study, a very promising route from an environmental point of view is given by the use of artificial aggregates from industrial waste as substitutes for natural aggregates. An innovative low cost and energy saving granulation process has been employed to produce lightweight aggregates using fly ash from the incineration of municipal solid waste and ground granulated blast furnace slag. The final aim of this research is to demonstrate the environmental sustainability of artificial aggregates, through a comparison of three different mixtures.

ACS Style

Francesco Colangelo; Ilenia Farina; Marta Travaglioni; Cinzia Salzano; Raffaele Cioffi; Antonella Petrillo. Innovative Materials in Italy for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Buildings. Materials 2021, 14, 2048 .

AMA Style

Francesco Colangelo, Ilenia Farina, Marta Travaglioni, Cinzia Salzano, Raffaele Cioffi, Antonella Petrillo. Innovative Materials in Italy for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Buildings. Materials. 2021; 14 (8):2048.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Colangelo; Ilenia Farina; Marta Travaglioni; Cinzia Salzano; Raffaele Cioffi; Antonella Petrillo. 2021. "Innovative Materials in Italy for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Buildings." Materials 14, no. 8: 2048.

Conference paper
Published: 18 December 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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The blast furnace slag (BFS) is non-metallic co-product (such as silicates and alumina silicates etc.) which absorbs sulphur from the charge and comprises of around 20% (by weight) of Fe production and its use as reinforcement in cement mortar has been widely explored to improve thermal and compressive properties along with addressing the sustainability issues related to Fe production. But hitherto little has been reported on effect of BFS and fly ash (FA) reinforced cement mortar from surface topography, thermal stability and morphological properties view point. This paper reports the comparison of compressive, thermal and morphological properties of cement mortar with air cooled BFS and FA reinforced cement mortar as a case study. The results of study suggests that 80% of BFS and 20% FA reinforced cement mortar (cement: (BFS+FA): 1: (0.8+0.2) by weight%) possess lowest thermal conductivity (0.65W/mK), greatest porosity (29.65%) and acceptable compressive strength (6.6MPa) in comparison to cement mortar comprising of cement: sand as 1:1. The results are supported with compressive strength data, optical photo micrographs, thermal analysis based upon differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), surface topography (based upon 3D rendered images).

ACS Style

I Farina; R Singh; M Singh; P Preet; R Kumar; F Fraternali; F Colangelo. Thermomechanical and morphological properties of sustainable mortars employing blast furnace slag and fly ash reinforced cement. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020, 999, 012009 .

AMA Style

I Farina, R Singh, M Singh, P Preet, R Kumar, F Fraternali, F Colangelo. Thermomechanical and morphological properties of sustainable mortars employing blast furnace slag and fly ash reinforced cement. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 999 (1):012009.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I Farina; R Singh; M Singh; P Preet; R Kumar; F Fraternali; F Colangelo. 2020. "Thermomechanical and morphological properties of sustainable mortars employing blast furnace slag and fly ash reinforced cement." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 999, no. 1: 012009.

Conference paper
Published: 18 December 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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In past one decade number of studies has been reported on optimization of process parameters of fused deposition modelling (FDM) for in-house developed thermoplastic composite based feed stock filaments. This paper investigates smart polymer-based composites prepared with hybrid feed stock filament (comprising of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) reinforced with graphene (Gr) and barium titanate (BTO) powder). This work started with the Functional prototypes were 3D printed for tensile and flexural characterization using inhouse developed filament (PVDF (78%)+Gr (2%) with BTO (20%)) at optimized settings of FDM. The printed specimens were subjected to destructive testing for mechanical properties (to analyze the process capability indices, Cp and Cpk). For morphological properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and 3D rendered images of the fractured surfaces of tensile and flexural specimen were used. It has been revealed from the SEM and 3D rendered images that the optimized settings of 3D printing process parameters resulted into uniform morphological features (based upon surface roughness (Ra) and amplitude distribution function (ADF), peak count (PC) and bearing ratio (BR) curve).

ACS Style

I Farina; R Sharma; R Singh; A Batish; N Singh; F Fraternali; F Colangelo. Mechanical characterization of FDM filaments with PVDF matrix reinforced with Graphene and Barium Titanate. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020, 999, 012010 .

AMA Style

I Farina, R Sharma, R Singh, A Batish, N Singh, F Fraternali, F Colangelo. Mechanical characterization of FDM filaments with PVDF matrix reinforced with Graphene and Barium Titanate. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 999 (1):012010.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I Farina; R Sharma; R Singh; A Batish; N Singh; F Fraternali; F Colangelo. 2020. "Mechanical characterization of FDM filaments with PVDF matrix reinforced with Graphene and Barium Titanate." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 999, no. 1: 012010.

Lca of waste management systems
Published: 06 August 2020 in The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
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Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) is the largest waste stream in the European Union (EU) and all over the world. Proper management of C&DW and recycled materials—including the correct handling of hazardous waste—can have major benefits in terms of sustainability and the quality of life. The Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC aims to have 70% of C&DW recycled by 2020. However, except for a few EU countries, only about 50% of C&DW is currently being recycled. In the present research, the environmental impact of concrete with recycled aggregates and with geopolymer mixtures is analysed. The aim of the present research is to propose a comparative LCA of concrete with recycled aggregates in the context of European politics. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is applied using Simapro© software. A cradle to grave analysis is carried out. The results are analysed based on the database Ecoinvent 3.3 and Impact 2002+. Results show that the concrete with 25% recycled aggregates is the best solution from an environmental point of view. Furthermore, geopolymer mixtures could be a valid alternative to reduce the phenomenon of “global warming”; however, the production of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide has a great environmental impact. A possible future implementation of the present study is certainly to carry out an overall assessment and to determine the most cost-effective option among the different competing alternatives through the life cycle cost analysis.

ACS Style

Francesco Colangelo; Tomás Gómez Navarro; Ilenia Farina; Antonella Petrillo. Comparative LCA of concrete with recycled aggregates: a circular economy mindset in Europe. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2020, 25, 1790 -1804.

AMA Style

Francesco Colangelo, Tomás Gómez Navarro, Ilenia Farina, Antonella Petrillo. Comparative LCA of concrete with recycled aggregates: a circular economy mindset in Europe. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2020; 25 (9):1790-1804.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Colangelo; Tomás Gómez Navarro; Ilenia Farina; Antonella Petrillo. 2020. "Comparative LCA of concrete with recycled aggregates: a circular economy mindset in Europe." The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25, no. 9: 1790-1804.

Articles
Published: 12 June 2020 in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
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This work provides a comprehensive review of research on the cold-bonding pelletization process used to produce lightweight aggregates (LWAs) using waste materials, to valorize the waste and, at the same time, minimize risks related to disposal. Research investigating various aspects of the cold-bonding process highlight: i) feasible mix-designs for pellet production; ii) the most relevant operating parameters affecting the process; and iii) the potential applications of the LWAs produced. The analysis gives a wide overview of the fundamental key-points that control the cold-bonding process. Data comparison provides a useful way to identify the optimal process conditions to allow development of optimum products. This involves the selection of the correct mix-design, including suitable binders and potential additives, and the selection of appropriate operating conditions, which are a function of the waste investigated, and/or waste mix characteristics. The review proposes an optimized approach to experimental studies on cold-bonding processes that has potential to enhance future process performance. Moreover, the present work provides a complete framework useful for decision-making for both manufacturers and researchers working to use this promising technique.

ACS Style

Alberto Ferraro; Francesco Colangelo; Ilenia Farina; Marco Race; Raffaele Cioffi; Christopher Cheeseman; Massimiliano Fabbricino. Cold-bonding process for treatment and reuse of waste materials: Technical designs and applications of pelletized products. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2020, 51, 2197 -2231.

AMA Style

Alberto Ferraro, Francesco Colangelo, Ilenia Farina, Marco Race, Raffaele Cioffi, Christopher Cheeseman, Massimiliano Fabbricino. Cold-bonding process for treatment and reuse of waste materials: Technical designs and applications of pelletized products. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2020; 51 (19):2197-2231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Ferraro; Francesco Colangelo; Ilenia Farina; Marco Race; Raffaele Cioffi; Christopher Cheeseman; Massimiliano Fabbricino. 2020. "Cold-bonding process for treatment and reuse of waste materials: Technical designs and applications of pelletized products." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 51, no. 19: 2197-2231.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The growing environmental sensitivity and the reduction of natural resources create, in Italy and other developed countries, an increasing interest in the search for alternative materials to be used in road construction works. In recent years, the problems related to environmental sustainability have made it increasingly difficult to remove natural aggregates from quarries and, at the same time, the regulations for the management of waste dumps are more and more restrictive. For this reason, the use of recycled aggregates is experiencing a continuous increase in the civil construction sector. This paper deals with the study of construction and demolition waste (CDW) in the field of road construction, in particular for the construction of embankment, road subgrades, foundation layers and unbound bases for flexible superstructures. Three different particle size fractions were used to prepare the mixtures: the first having a coarse size and designation 0–63 mm, the second intermediate size with aggregates of 0–31.5 mm grain size and the third with the finest aggregates having a grain size of 0–4 mm. The study was carried out by analyzing three granulometric fractions, verifying the best application for each of them. Subsequently, the mix-design was investigated, operating in compliance with the requirements imposed by UNI 11531-1, EN ISO 14688, EN 13242 and EN 13285. For the unbound layers of subgrade, foundation and base, which require greater resistance to fragmentation, the use of CDW alone has shown some limitations. Therefore, in the experimentation, it was decided to mix the CDW with a granulated slag coming from the steel production in the electric arc furnaces (EAF) and with an additional CDW (0–31.5 mm) coming from the recovery of concrete with slag. EAF granulated slag was used in small quantities, due to its relatively high cost. Four eco-friendly and recycled mixtures were studied, with low economic impact and high environmental sustainability, suitable for the construction of unbound layers of road superstructures.

ACS Style

Donato Ciampa; Raffaele Cioffi; Francesco Colangelo; Maurizio Diomedi; Ilenia Farina; Saverio Olita. Use of Unbound Materials for Sustainable Road Infrastructures. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3465 .

AMA Style

Donato Ciampa, Raffaele Cioffi, Francesco Colangelo, Maurizio Diomedi, Ilenia Farina, Saverio Olita. Use of Unbound Materials for Sustainable Road Infrastructures. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (10):3465.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donato Ciampa; Raffaele Cioffi; Francesco Colangelo; Maurizio Diomedi; Ilenia Farina; Saverio Olita. 2020. "Use of Unbound Materials for Sustainable Road Infrastructures." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10: 3465.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2019 in Materials
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This study deals with the development of Nylon-6 fused deposition modeling (FDM) filaments for additive manufacturing, which couples high mechanical performances with eco-sustainability. These filaments were extruded from recycled Nylon-6 granulates through a dedicated twin-screw extrusion line, which processes either pure Nylon-6 grains, or mixtures of such a material with minor fractions of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The rheological and thermal properties of the investigated filaments are analyzed, including melt flow index, melting temperature, and decomposition temperature, which are of the utmost importance when avoiding the overheating and decomposition of the material. Such a study is conducted in both pre-extrusion and post-extrusion conditions. The tensile strength, the wear resistance, and the printability of the examined recycled Nylon-6 filaments are also studied by comparing the properties of such filaments with those exhibited by different nylon-based filaments for FDM that are available in the market. The given results show that the recycling of Nylon-6 through the “caprolactam” regeneration route enables the newly formed material to retain high physical and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength at yield in the interval 55.79–86.91 MPa. Referring to the basic composition of the filaments examined in the present study, this remarkably high-yield strength is accompanied by a Young modulus of 1.64 GPa, and wear resistance of 92 µm, under a 15 min/1 kg load pin-on-disk test carried at the sliding speed of 250 rpm.

ACS Style

Ilenia Farina; Narinder Singh; Francesco Colangelo; Raimondo Luciano; Giulio Bonazzi; Fernando Fraternali. High-Performance Nylon-6 Sustainable Filaments for Additive Manufacturing. Materials 2019, 12, 3955 .

AMA Style

Ilenia Farina, Narinder Singh, Francesco Colangelo, Raimondo Luciano, Giulio Bonazzi, Fernando Fraternali. High-Performance Nylon-6 Sustainable Filaments for Additive Manufacturing. Materials. 2019; 12 (23):3955.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ilenia Farina; Narinder Singh; Francesco Colangelo; Raimondo Luciano; Giulio Bonazzi; Fernando Fraternali. 2019. "High-Performance Nylon-6 Sustainable Filaments for Additive Manufacturing." Materials 12, no. 23: 3955.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Key Engineering Materials
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The present study deals with the optimal design of a Graphene reinforced composite. The Graphene was prepared by chemical exfoliation process and was chemically blended with matrix material in acetone. Further chemically mixed solution was exposed to air for acetone vaporization. Next, this Graphene composite was extruded through twin screw extrusion (TSE) for preparation of feedstock filament with 1.75±0.05mm diameter via fused deposition modelling (FDM). The presented results suggest that statistically controlled Graphene reinforced functional prototypes can be usefully employed as sensors for bio-medical and engineering applications.

ACS Style

Rupinder Singh; RanVijay Kumar; A. Amendola; Ilenia Farina; Narinder Singh; Fernando Fraternali. Graphene Reinforced Composites as Sensing Elements. Key Engineering Materials 2019, 826, 33 -44.

AMA Style

Rupinder Singh, RanVijay Kumar, A. Amendola, Ilenia Farina, Narinder Singh, Fernando Fraternali. Graphene Reinforced Composites as Sensing Elements. Key Engineering Materials. 2019; 826 ():33-44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rupinder Singh; RanVijay Kumar; A. Amendola; Ilenia Farina; Narinder Singh; Fernando Fraternali. 2019. "Graphene Reinforced Composites as Sensing Elements." Key Engineering Materials 826, no. : 33-44.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Key Engineering Materials
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This paper highlights the detailed procedure for preparation of biocompatible sensors and transducers by CAD-CAM assisted investment casting (IC). Along with the properties such as biocompatibility and bioactivity, the presented materials possess good surface finish (required for aesthetic sense), acceptable dimensional accuracy (required for assembly purposes) and good surface hardness (required while chewing). In this paper efforts were made for improving surface hardness, finish, and dimensional accuracy of biocompatible materials by controlling composition/proportion of Ni and Cr in IC process. In this case study stir casting (SC) assisted Ni and Cr based metal matrix composites (MMC) has been prepared and composite prepared were poured in the investment mould. The result of study reveals that different material composition influenced the microstructure and the hardness of the MMC prepared. Further with change in weight percentage of Ni and Cr, different microstructures with particle clustering was observed. The employment of nickel and chromium composites for the fabrication of novel sensors and transducers is discussed.

ACS Style

Ranvir Singh; Rupinder Singh; J.S. Dureja; Narinder Singh; Ilenia Farina. CAD-CAM Assisted Design and Preparation of Biocompatible Sensors and Transducers with Variable Microstructure. Key Engineering Materials 2019, 826, 73 -80.

AMA Style

Ranvir Singh, Rupinder Singh, J.S. Dureja, Narinder Singh, Ilenia Farina. CAD-CAM Assisted Design and Preparation of Biocompatible Sensors and Transducers with Variable Microstructure. Key Engineering Materials. 2019; 826 ():73-80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ranvir Singh; Rupinder Singh; J.S. Dureja; Narinder Singh; Ilenia Farina. 2019. "CAD-CAM Assisted Design and Preparation of Biocompatible Sensors and Transducers with Variable Microstructure." Key Engineering Materials 826, no. : 73-80.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Key Engineering Materials
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In the present work an effort has been made to prepare Al matrix composite by 3D printing assisted rapid investment casting (RIC). The RIC has been performed by using patterns prepared by fused deposition modelling (FDM). For preparation of 3D parts, a composite material reinforced with ceramic particles (SiC and Al2O3) has been used as filament wire. The main motive of this research work is to prepare metal matrix composites as functionally graded innovative materials (FGIM), via investment casting as functional prototypes which will have wear resistance properties of SiC and Al2O3 (especially in rapid tooling (RT) applications. The reinforcements in the RT (as functional prototype) have been ensured by SEM analysis. The potential of the analysed materials for the fabrication of novel sensor devices is highlighted. Also the functional prototypes were checked for process capability analysis for batch production

ACS Style

Narinder Singh; Rupinder Singh; Inderpreet Singh Ahuja; Ilenia Farina. On the Optimal Design of Metal Matrix Composites as Functionally Graded Innovative Materials for Sensor Devices. Key Engineering Materials 2019, 826, 45 -54.

AMA Style

Narinder Singh, Rupinder Singh, Inderpreet Singh Ahuja, Ilenia Farina. On the Optimal Design of Metal Matrix Composites as Functionally Graded Innovative Materials for Sensor Devices. Key Engineering Materials. 2019; 826 ():45-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Narinder Singh; Rupinder Singh; Inderpreet Singh Ahuja; Ilenia Farina. 2019. "On the Optimal Design of Metal Matrix Composites as Functionally Graded Innovative Materials for Sensor Devices." Key Engineering Materials 826, no. : 45-54.

Review paper
Published: 27 July 2019 in Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology
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The present work aims to provide a comprehensive review of the experimental studies focusing on municipal solid waste incineration fly-ash (FA) treatments that are required before the application of advanced processes aimed at their final reuse or safe disposal. The investigated pre-treatments are divided into three categories: (1) water washing/chemical leaching; (2) electrodialysis; and (3) thermal separation. Analysed aspects include: (1) process efficiency; (2) effect on FA physical–chemical characteristics; and (3) process applicability as a function of secondary FA treatment steps which are generally required for final disposal or reuse of the remediated waste. Investigations related to these elements allows a determination of the efficacy and the operational convenience of a specific pre-treatment to achieve a proper FA remediation level. A comparison of studies in the literature provides a thorough source and a useful basis for correctly addressing future experimental activities and research efforts. The discussion of the results provides the basis for the development of a suitable methodology to optimize the environmentally sustainable reuse or safer disposal of treated FA.

ACS Style

Alberto Ferraro; Ilenia Farina; Marco Race; Francesco Colangelo; Raffaele Cioffi; Massimiliano Fabbricino. Pre-treatments of MSWI fly-ashes: a comprehensive review to determine optimal conditions for their reuse and/or environmentally sustainable disposal. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 2019, 18, 453 -471.

AMA Style

Alberto Ferraro, Ilenia Farina, Marco Race, Francesco Colangelo, Raffaele Cioffi, Massimiliano Fabbricino. Pre-treatments of MSWI fly-ashes: a comprehensive review to determine optimal conditions for their reuse and/or environmentally sustainable disposal. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology. 2019; 18 (3):453-471.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Ferraro; Ilenia Farina; Marco Race; Francesco Colangelo; Raffaele Cioffi; Massimiliano Fabbricino. 2019. "Pre-treatments of MSWI fly-ashes: a comprehensive review to determine optimal conditions for their reuse and/or environmentally sustainable disposal." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 18, no. 3: 453-471.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Materials & Design
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ACS Style

Ilenia Farina; Russell Goodall; Everth Hernández-Nava; Andrea di Filippo; Francesco Colangelo; Fernando Fraternali. Design, microstructure and mechanical characterization of Ti6Al4V reinforcing elements for cement composites with fractal architecture. Materials & Design 2019, 172, 1 .

AMA Style

Ilenia Farina, Russell Goodall, Everth Hernández-Nava, Andrea di Filippo, Francesco Colangelo, Fernando Fraternali. Design, microstructure and mechanical characterization of Ti6Al4V reinforcing elements for cement composites with fractal architecture. Materials & Design. 2019; 172 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ilenia Farina; Russell Goodall; Everth Hernández-Nava; Andrea di Filippo; Francesco Colangelo; Fernando Fraternali. 2019. "Design, microstructure and mechanical characterization of Ti6Al4V reinforcing elements for cement composites with fractal architecture." Materials & Design 172, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2019 in IEEE Sensors Journal
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In this paper, we report on the experimental assessment of real-time temperature and shrinkage early age monitoring of geopolymer matrices, by means of embedded fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The FBG sensors were properly designed and packaged in order to discriminate shrinkage and temperature behaviors. The proposed system allows for controlling the rheology of the binding systems made by metakaolin geopolymer. Hence, a series of experiments were conducted on different kind of materials, and confirms that FBGs represent a valid method for simultaneous temperature and shrinkage measurements with a temperature resolution of 0.1 ∘C and strain resolution of 1με.

ACS Style

Giovanna Palumbo; Pasquale Di Palma; Agostino Iadicicco; Francesco Messina; Ilenia Farina; Francesco Colangelo; Claudio Ferone; Raffaele Cioffi; Stefania Campopiano. Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Real Time Monitoring of Early Age Curing and Shrinkage of Different Metakaolin-Based Inorganic Binders. IEEE Sensors Journal 2019, 19, 6173 -6180.

AMA Style

Giovanna Palumbo, Pasquale Di Palma, Agostino Iadicicco, Francesco Messina, Ilenia Farina, Francesco Colangelo, Claudio Ferone, Raffaele Cioffi, Stefania Campopiano. Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Real Time Monitoring of Early Age Curing and Shrinkage of Different Metakaolin-Based Inorganic Binders. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2019; 19 (15):6173-6180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanna Palumbo; Pasquale Di Palma; Agostino Iadicicco; Francesco Messina; Ilenia Farina; Francesco Colangelo; Claudio Ferone; Raffaele Cioffi; Stefania Campopiano. 2019. "Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Real Time Monitoring of Early Age Curing and Shrinkage of Different Metakaolin-Based Inorganic Binders." IEEE Sensors Journal 19, no. 15: 6173-6180.

Journal article
Published: 04 January 2019 in Polymers
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This paper highlights the multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) route for manufacturing of innovative materials and structures. Three different recycled thermoplastics, namely acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) (with different Young’s modulus, glass transition temperature, rheological properties), have been selected (as a case study) for multi-material AM. The functional prototypes have been printed on fused deposition modelling (FDM) setup as tensile specimens (as per ASTM D638 type-IV standard) with different combinations of top, middle, and bottom layers (of ABS/PLA/HIPS), at different printing speed and infill percentage density. The specimens were subjected to thermal (glass transition temperature and heat capacity) and mechanical testing (peak load, peak strength, peak elongation, percentage elongation at peak, and Young’s modulus) to ascertain their suitability in load-bearing structures, and the fabrication of functional prototypes of mechanical meta-materials. The results have been supported by photomicrographs to observe the microstructure of the analyzed multi-materials.

ACS Style

Rupinder Singh; RanVijay Kumar; Ilenia Farina; Francesco Colangelo; Luciano Feo; Fernando Fraternali. Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Sustainable Innovative Materials and Structures. Polymers 2019, 11, 62 .

AMA Style

Rupinder Singh, RanVijay Kumar, Ilenia Farina, Francesco Colangelo, Luciano Feo, Fernando Fraternali. Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Sustainable Innovative Materials and Structures. Polymers. 2019; 11 (1):62.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rupinder Singh; RanVijay Kumar; Ilenia Farina; Francesco Colangelo; Luciano Feo; Fernando Fraternali. 2019. "Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Sustainable Innovative Materials and Structures." Polymers 11, no. 1: 62.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2018 in PSU Research Review
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Purpose Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is an established process to print structural parts of metals, ceramic and polymers. Further, multi-material 3DP has the potentials to be a milestone in rapid manufacturing (RM), customized design and structural applications. Being compatible as functionally graded materials in a single structural form, multi-material-based 3D printed parts can be applied in structural applications to get the benefit of modified properties. Design/methodology/approach The fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the established low cost 3DP techniques which can be used for printing functional/ non-functional prototypes in civil engineering applications. Findings The present study is focused on multi-material printing of primary recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) in composite form. Thermal (glass transition temperature and heat capacity) and mechanical properties (break load, break strength, break elongation, percentage elongation at break and Young’s modulus) have been analysed to observe the behaviour of multi-material composites prepared by 3DP. This study also highlights the process parameters optimization of FDM supported with photomicrographs. Originality/value The present study is focused on multi-material printing of primary recycled ABS, PLA and HIPS in composite form.

ACS Style

RanVijay Kumar; Rupinder Singh; Ilenia Farina. On the 3D printing of recycled ABS, PLA and HIPS thermoplastics for structural applications. PSU Research Review 2018, 2, 115 -137.

AMA Style

RanVijay Kumar, Rupinder Singh, Ilenia Farina. On the 3D printing of recycled ABS, PLA and HIPS thermoplastics for structural applications. PSU Research Review. 2018; 2 (2):115-137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

RanVijay Kumar; Rupinder Singh; Ilenia Farina. 2018. "On the 3D printing of recycled ABS, PLA and HIPS thermoplastics for structural applications." PSU Research Review 2, no. 2: 115-137.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2018 in PSU Research Review
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Purpose Porous implant surface is shown to facilitate bone in-growth and cell attachment, improving overall osteointegration, while providing adequate mechanical integrity. Recently, biodegradable material possessing such superior properties has been the focus with an aim of revolutionizing implant’s design, material and performance. This paper aims to present a comprehensive investigation into the design and development of low elastic modulus porous biodegradable Mg-3Si-5HA composite by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (MA-SPS) technique. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the design and development of low elastic modulus porous biodegradable Mg-3Si-5HA composite by MA-SPS technique. As the key alloying elements, HA powders with an appropriate proportion weight 5 and 10 are mixed with the base elemental magnesium (Mg) particles to form the composites of potentially variable porosity and mechanical property. The aim is to investigate the performance of the synthesized composites of Mg-3Si together with HA in terms of mechanical integrity hardness and Young’s moduli corrosion resistance and in-vitro bioactivity. Findings Mechanical and surface characterization results indicate that alloying of Si leads to the formation of fine Mg2 Si eutectic dense structure, hence increasing hardness while reducing the ductility of the composite. On the other hand, the allying of HA in Mg-3Si matrix leads to the formation of structural porosity (5-13 per cent), thus resulting in low Young’s moduli. It is hypothesized that biocompatible phases formed within the composite enhanced the corrosion performance and bio-mechanical integrity of the composite. The degradation rate of Mg-3Si composite was reduced from 2.05 mm/year to 1.19 mm/year by the alloying of HA elements. Moreover, the fabricated composites showed an excellent bioactivity and offered a channel/interface to MG-63 cells for attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Originality/value Overall, the findings suggest that the Mg-3Si-HA composite fabricated by MA and plasma sintering may be considered as a potential biodegradable material for orthopedic application.

ACS Style

Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Ilenia Farina; Fernando Fraternali; Luciano Feo. Physical-mechanical characterization of biodegradable Mg-3Si-HA composites. PSU Research Review 2018, 2, 152 -174.

AMA Style

Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Ilenia Farina, Fernando Fraternali, Luciano Feo. Physical-mechanical characterization of biodegradable Mg-3Si-HA composites. PSU Research Review. 2018; 2 (2):152-174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Ilenia Farina; Fernando Fraternali; Luciano Feo. 2018. "Physical-mechanical characterization of biodegradable Mg-3Si-HA composites." PSU Research Review 2, no. 2: 152-174.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2018 in Composite Structures
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In this research article, a novel method of additive manufacturing (AM) assisted investment casting (IC) has been demonstrated (by using the patterns prepared from waste materials reinforced with ceramic particles) for development of a metal matrix composite (MMC). In first stage, recycled low density polyethylene (LDPE) has been selected as matrix material, while ceramic reinforcement of SiC and Al2O3 has been blended in LDPE by screw extrusion. Initially, the recycled LDPE has been collected in granules form from the local market and processed on single screw extruder to prepare pallets. The ceramic particles and LDPE were blended together to prepared the final blend in different proportions on twin screw extruder. After that Taguchi L9 orthogonal array has been employed to ascertain the affect of different input parameters of FDM machine to prepare the functional prototypes in the form of cubical patterns. Instead of using conventional IC, a rapid method has been employed to prepare sacrificial pattern by using siladent powder (which is being used for preparing cast in clinical dentistry for dentures). Further this method has been explored as an alternate route of rapid IC, which requires very less time as compared to the traditional methods. At final stage cast were prepared with aluminium (Al) alloy as matrix material reinforced with SiC and Al2O3 (which were present in the mould cavity after removal of LDPE). The properties of MMC prepared via this novel route were subjected to hardness and grain size testing supported by photomicrographs and EDAX analysis.

ACS Style

Narinder Singh; Rupinder Singh; I.P.S. Ahuja; Ilenia Farina; Fernando Fraternali. Metal matrix composite from recycled materials by using additive manufacturing assisted investment casting. Composite Structures 2018, 207, 129 -135.

AMA Style

Narinder Singh, Rupinder Singh, I.P.S. Ahuja, Ilenia Farina, Fernando Fraternali. Metal matrix composite from recycled materials by using additive manufacturing assisted investment casting. Composite Structures. 2018; 207 ():129-135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Narinder Singh; Rupinder Singh; I.P.S. Ahuja; Ilenia Farina; Fernando Fraternali. 2018. "Metal matrix composite from recycled materials by using additive manufacturing assisted investment casting." Composite Structures 207, no. : 129-135.