Mindful eating (ME) has gained recognition in multidisciplinary weight management intervention and prevention programs for dysfunctional eating behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of mindful eating with body mass index, fat percentage, unhealthy food consumption, and emotional distress in Mexican college students. A cross-sectional study was performed. Anthropometry and body composition were evaluated. A self-reported Mindful Eating Questionnaire developed for the Mexican population, Food Frequency Questionnaire (frequency and serving size), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were applied. Two separate analyses were conducted: the first used the whole Mexican Mindful Eating Questionnaire with 11 questions (ME-11), and the second excluded the emotional eating items (ME-8). A total of 224 students were included in the analysis. Lower levels of mindful eating were associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p < 0.001), and body fat percentage (p < 0.001), using ME-11 or ME-8. Significant associations were identified between lower levels of mindful eating (ME-11) and consumption of fried foods (p = 0.005), sweets and desserts (p = 0.003), and fast food (p = 0.003). Similar associations were observed using the ME-8 score. In both versions of the questionnaire, depression, anxiety, and stress scores were significantly associated with lower levels of mindful eating. Mindful eating was associated with BMI, body fat, eating habits, and emotional distress. Mindful eating could be used in multidisciplinary educational and intervention programs to promote a healthy lifestyle.

Introducción: las teorías socioculturales de formación de la imagen corporal sugieren que las presiones ejercidas por determinados agentes sociales fomentan la interiorización de ciertos patrones y el impulso hacia la delgadez por parte de la mujer. Objetivo: analizar un modelo basado en el Modelo Tripartito de Influencia Sociocultural que explique cómo las presiones sociales contribuyen a una mayor insatisfacción corporal. Método: la muestra estuvo conformada por 195 mujeres con un rango de edad de 12 a 30 años (M = 18.63, DT = 2.87) con diagnóstico de anorexia nerviosa, bulimia nerviosa y trastorno de alimentación no especificado. Se entrevistó a las pacientes para su diagnóstico y además se aplicaron dos instrumentos psicométricos. Los datos se analizaron empleando técnicas de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: el factor sociocultural que contribuyó en mayor medida a explicar la insatisfacción corporal fue la influencia de la familia. El modelo tuvo un buen ajuste. Discusión: Las evidencias obtenidas sugieren que los factores socioculturales, y en particular la influencia ejercida por la familia, contribuirían a los procesos de formación de la imagen corporal en pacientes con trastornos alimentarios. Los resultados de este estudio pueden ser utilizados por profesionales de la salud enfocados a pacientes con trastornos alimentarios tanto en el ámbito clínico como de investigación, principalmente en la parte de tratamiento de estas pacientes.

The assessment of eating and physical activity habits is an important step in promoting healthy behaviors among the adolescent population and is key in the prevention and management of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. For this purpose, reliable and valid measuring instruments are essential. In this context, the aim of this article is to present the validation of a self-report questionnaire on eating and physical activity habits among adolescents in Mexico City. In order to validate the questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2710 adolescents between 11 and 12 years of age, the piloting of the questionnaire was carried out in September 2022 with a focus group, and the programming of the anthropometric measurements was established with the Federal Educational Authority of CDMX, as well as the application of the questionnaire to 33 schools, with these activities being scheduled from 7 November 2022 to 3 February 2023 and having an application duration of 15–25 min for each of the groups to which it was applied; the questionnaire that was applied consists of 31 questions that refer to the frequencies, quantity, or performance of behaviors related to the frequency and type of food, type of physical activity and behaviors related to the act of eating referring to the place where it is carried out (home or away from home) and with whom it is carried out (alone or in company), and about the individual’s lifestyle. Subsequently, the reliability of the instrument was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the structure of the questionnaire. The results obtained showed that the questionnaire was adequately reliable (α = 0.778) with an eight-factor structure: four questions on mealtime frequencies, four questions on physical activity and lifestyles, six questions on the consumption of high-calorie foods, four questions on company and food consumption, four questions on the consumption of vegetables and fruits, four questions on the place of food consumption, two questions on the consumption of alcoholic beverages, and three questions on the consumption of sugary drinks, plain water, and milk. In conclusion, the self-report questionnaire on eating and physical activity habits among adolescents in Mexico City is reliable, has adequate internal consistency, and can therefore be used as a useful tool for the evaluation of eating and physical activity habits in this population.

Overweight and obesity in adolescents has become a serious public health problem worldwide and Mexico City is no exception. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological panorama of overweight and obesity related to eating habits, physical activity and the concurrent presence of depression and anxiety in adolescents from high schools in Mexico City. Anthropometric measurements were taken from 2710 adolescents from 33 participating high schools. Likewise, a previously validated eating habit and physical activity questionnaire was administered, which consisted of four different sections, where each of the sections focused on key aspects of the participants’ lifestyle: (1) eating habits, (2) intake of non-recommended foods, (3) food and company environment, and (4) physical activity. Moreover, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety and depression was applied. In this study, a high prevalence of overweight and obesity (26.5% overweight and 20.0% obese) was found in adolescents from high schools in Mexico City. Only 13.14% of participants had adequate eating habits and 18.19% physical activity habits. An association was found between having inadequate eating habits and obesity in adolescent women (OR = 1.95; CI 1.009–3.76). Additionally, associations were observed between depression symptoms and obesity (OR = 5.68, CI 1.36–32.81; p = 0.01), while anxiety was associated with underweight and obesity adjusted by other dietary habits and psychological factors. Therefore, it is important to identify adolescents with overweight or obesity and establish prevention strategies for weight control in this age group, promoting healthy eating, physical activity and education in mental health.

Objetivo. Determinar el perfil de ácidos grasos (AG), ácido linoleico conjugado (ALC) e isómeros en leche de vaca producida en condiciones orgánicas en el sureste de México. Materiales y métodos. Durante un año se colectaron 48 muestras de leche, proveniente de tres unidades de producción (UP 1, 2 y 3) y tanque colector (TC) del municipio de Tecpatán, Chiapas (12 meses x 4 = 48), siguiendo las pautas establecidas en normatividad mexicana. La grasa se extrajo con solución detergente; el análisis de AG se realizó por cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de flama y el ALC e isómeros se obtuvieron mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (CLAR) con detector UV-Vis. Resultados. Los análisis cromatográficos identificaron y cuantificaron 23 AG en todas las leches, desde el C4 hasta el C20:1. El análisis estadístico (ANOVA, Tukey) arrojó significancia (p<0.05) en C4-C10, C16, C18, C18:1n9t, C18:2n6 y C20; en todos los casos el TC fue similar en al menos dos UP. Los valores medios a través del tiempo exhibieron comportamiento con regularidad homogénea. Asimismo, se determinaron el ALC y 9 de sus isómeros; el ANOVA no arrojó significancia. El isómero C18:2 9c-11t tuvo el mayor porcentaje del ALC total con un valor medio de 90.06%. Conclusiones. Los análisis de cromatografía de gases y de líquidos permitieron caracterizar los perfiles de AG, ALC e isómeros en leche orgánica que se produce en el sureste mexicano, que hasta el momento no se habían estudiado.

Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad de leche orgánica y convencional que se comercializan en tiendas de autoservicio de la Ciudad de México. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron muestras de leche orgánica ultrapasteurizada cada 30 días, durante 12 meses. Las muestras procedieron de dos Industrias lecheras que ofertan leche orgánica y otra más que oferta leche orgánica y convencional en tiendas de autoservicio de la Ciudad de México, quedando identificadas como Industrias 1, 2, 3a (orgánica) y 3b (convencional); haciendo un total de 48 muestras (12 de cada Industria). Todas las muestras fueron analizadas por espectrofotometría infrarroja para determinar proteína, grasa, lactosa, sólidos no grasos, sales, densidad, así como crioscopía para punto de congelación, potenciómetro para pH y métodos rápidos para antibióticos y aflatoxina M1. Resultados. Las leches de todas las Industrias cumplieron con lo establecido en la normatividad nacional e internacional, excepto las Industrias 1 y 2 (orgánicas) que no alcanzaron el nivel de grasa requerido de 3%. Conclusiones. No siempre los productos orgánicos tienen mejores características que los productos convencionales.