Overweight and obesity in adolescents has become a serious public health problem worldwide and Mexico City is no exception. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological panorama of overweight and obesity related to eating habits, physical activity and the concurrent presence of depression and anxiety in adolescents from high schools in Mexico City. Anthropometric measurements were taken from 2710 adolescents from 33 participating high schools. Likewise, a previously validated eating habit and physical activity questionnaire was administered, which consisted of four different sections, where each of the sections focused on key aspects of the participants’ lifestyle: (1) eating habits, (2) intake of non-recommended foods, (3) food and company environment, and (4) physical activity. Moreover, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety and depression was applied. In this study, a high prevalence of overweight and obesity (26.5% overweight and 20.0% obese) was found in adolescents from high schools in Mexico City. Only 13.14% of participants had adequate eating habits and 18.19% physical activity habits. An association was found between having inadequate eating habits and obesity in adolescent women (OR = 1.95; CI 1.009–3.76). Additionally, associations were observed between depression symptoms and obesity (OR = 5.68, CI 1.36–32.81; p = 0.01), while anxiety was associated with underweight and obesity adjusted by other dietary habits and psychological factors. Therefore, it is important to identify adolescents with overweight or obesity and establish prevention strategies for weight control in this age group, promoting healthy eating, physical activity and education in mental health.

Objetivo. Determinar el perfil de ácidos grasos (AG), ácido linoleico conjugado (ALC) e isómeros en leche de vaca producida en condiciones orgánicas en el sureste de México. Materiales y métodos. Durante un año se colectaron 48 muestras de leche, proveniente de tres unidades de producción (UP 1, 2 y 3) y tanque colector (TC) del municipio de Tecpatán, Chiapas (12 meses x 4 = 48), siguiendo las pautas establecidas en normatividad mexicana. La grasa se extrajo con solución detergente; el análisis de AG se realizó por cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de flama y el ALC e isómeros se obtuvieron mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (CLAR) con detector UV-Vis. Resultados. Los análisis cromatográficos identificaron y cuantificaron 23 AG en todas las leches, desde el C4 hasta el C20:1. El análisis estadístico (ANOVA, Tukey) arrojó significancia (p<0.05) en C4-C10, C16, C18, C18:1n9t, C18:2n6 y C20; en todos los casos el TC fue similar en al menos dos UP. Los valores medios a través del tiempo exhibieron comportamiento con regularidad homogénea. Asimismo, se determinaron el ALC y 9 de sus isómeros; el ANOVA no arrojó significancia. El isómero C18:2 9c-11t tuvo el mayor porcentaje del ALC total con un valor medio de 90.06%. Conclusiones. Los análisis de cromatografía de gases y de líquidos permitieron caracterizar los perfiles de AG, ALC e isómeros en leche orgánica que se produce en el sureste mexicano, que hasta el momento no se habían estudiado.

Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad de leche orgánica y convencional que se comercializan en tiendas de autoservicio de la Ciudad de México. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron muestras de leche orgánica ultrapasteurizada cada 30 días, durante 12 meses. Las muestras procedieron de dos Industrias lecheras que ofertan leche orgánica y otra más que oferta leche orgánica y convencional en tiendas de autoservicio de la Ciudad de México, quedando identificadas como Industrias 1, 2, 3a (orgánica) y 3b (convencional); haciendo un total de 48 muestras (12 de cada Industria). Todas las muestras fueron analizadas por espectrofotometría infrarroja para determinar proteína, grasa, lactosa, sólidos no grasos, sales, densidad, así como crioscopía para punto de congelación, potenciómetro para pH y métodos rápidos para antibióticos y aflatoxina M1. Resultados. Las leches de todas las Industrias cumplieron con lo establecido en la normatividad nacional e internacional, excepto las Industrias 1 y 2 (orgánicas) que no alcanzaron el nivel de grasa requerido de 3%. Conclusiones. No siempre los productos orgánicos tienen mejores características que los productos convencionales.

Consumers increasingly demand dairy products with improved nutritional quality, particularly regarding their fatty acid (FA) composition, due to recognized implications for human health. This study aimed to evaluate the modification in the composition, FA profile, and sensory profile of cheeses elaborated with ewe milk, through the diet inclusion of crushed sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds and sunflower seed silage in corn silage-based diets. The study was conducted with six East-Friesian ewes in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design, including three 21-day periods. Three diets were based on ad libitum corn silage as follows: control (CTRL, without supplementation), sunflower seeds (SFS, supplemented with 86 g/kg crushed sunflower seeds), and sunflower seed silage (SFSS, supplemented with 137 g/kg sunflower seed silage). The composition and FA profile of milk and cheese, and the sensory properties of cheese, together with the sensory profile, were evaluated. Dietary feeding with SFS and SFSS did not affect milk production and milk fat percentage but increased protein percentage. SFS and/or SFSS increased C18:0, C18:1 trans-9, and C18:1 cis-9 compared to CTRL in milk and cheese. Cheeses from SFS ewes showed improved taste and total acceptability, while odor, color, and texture of cheese remained unaffected. Therefore, SFS and SFSS appeared as a viable strategy to increase the contribution of FA with beneficial effects for health in milk and cheeses.

The study of milk fat composition is a priority topic at the international level; however, there are few studies on the composition of triacylglycerides (TAG) and sterols in cow’s milk produced in organic production systems. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of TAG, cholesterol, and other sterols in the fat of raw cow’s milk produced under organic conditions in the municipality of Tecpatán, Chiapas. Every month for one year, milk samples were obtained from three production units (PU 1, 2 and 3) and from the collecting tank (CT) of the municipality (12 months × 4 = 48 samples), in accordance with Mexican regulations. Milk fat was extracted by detergent solution and TAG and sterol analyses were performed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and capillary columns. Chromatographic analyses identified and quantified 15 TAG in all milk fats, from C26 to C54, with a bimodal behavior; the maximum value (% w/w) for the first mode was located at C38 (14.48) and, for the second mode, C50 and C52 were considered with values of 11.55 and 11.60, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test only yielded significance (p < 0.05) for C26; most TAG values over time showed homogeneous variability. Cholesterol, brassicasterol, and campesterol were also determined; ANOVA did not show statistical significance (p ≥ 0.05) between them in the production units and collecting tank. Cholesterol had the highest percentage of the sterols with a mean value of 96.41%. The TAG and cholesterol profiles found in this study were similar to those reported in other countries.