Introduction: Non-disabled throwing athletes face unique challenges related to injuries and pain in the upper body due to high demands placed on the shoulders and upper limbs. However, there is limited research on the epidemiology of sports injuries in para athletes participating in the Para Athletics throwing events. Hence, the aim of this study was to describe the types of injuries and their prevalence among Para Athletics throwers (PATs) Material and methods: The main outcome was the 12-month prevalence of sports injury. Data were collected from PATs of any level, using an online questionnaire, and was analysed by calculating median, interquartile range, frequencies, percentages, and confidence intervals (CI). The chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyse differences in injury prevalence and injury onset between different sub-groups. Results: The study included 60 PATs (42 men, 18 women) with a variety of impairments. The 12-month period prevalence of injury was 40% (n = 24; 95% CI: 27.5–53.4), with the highest prevalence observed in athletes with blindness/low vision and intellectual impairments (75%, 95% CI: 19.4–99.4). Injuries affected primarily the shoulders (22.8%) and elbows (25.3%). The most common type of injuries were muscle strains (40%) and tendinopathies (20%). The proportion of injuries did not differ significantly between sub-groups. Most injuries (88.6%) occurred during training. Conclusions: Para athletic throwers are at greater risk of injuries in the upper extremities, and this highlights the importance of tailored injury prevention programs. It is crucial to mitigate the risk of injuries to the complex and vulnerable shoulder girdle in athletes with existing impairments.

En general los docentes universitarios se encuentran en constantes transformaciones y exigencias, lo que puede generar estrés, originado por las altas demandas laborales propias del desempeño académico en las universidades. Es el caso de los docentes universitarios chilenos que imparten docencia en modelos curriculares competenciales, en el cual estudiante es el actor fundamental de toda acción educativa, lo que conlleva un cambio en las estrategias didácticas y metodológicas en la formación inicial profesional, en especial las facultades de Educación que forman profesores. El objetivo de este trabajo, es describir los niveles de actividad física (NAF), síndrome de burnout (SB) y su relación con el bienestar docente. Investigación de tipo descriptivo relacional, de tipo transversal, muestra no probabilística. La muestra estuvo conformada 54 docentes, que fueron evaluados mediante el cuestionario “Maslach Burnout Inventory” (MBI), cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ), se evaluó Índice Masa Corporal (IMC) y Frecuencia Cardiaca Reposo (FCr). En el estudio se presentaron valores que representan el 59,3 % total de la muestra con presencia y riesgo para el caso de Síndrome Burnout, existiendo una correlación baja y no significativa 0,094 entre las variables. Es de suma importancia que las casas de estudios superiores en Chile implementen políticas de bienestar docente que impliquen de forma integral diseñar programas teniendo en mente la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas de los profesionales.

La sociedad actual requiere de sistemas educativos capaces de desarrollar nuevas habilidades y competencias que permitan a los futuros profesionales ser reflexivos y con habilidades de investigación, para resolver problemas del medio socio laboral. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los niveles de desarrollo de las habilidades personales y participativas en el ABP, según valoración de los estudiantes de la formación universitaria en educación física. Mediante un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo no experimental, se administró un cuestionario a estudiantes de educación física. Los resultados muestran niveles sensibles de desarrollo en relación a la formación mediante el ABP, seguido por el nivel de satisfacción respecto del proceso tutorial del ABP y las competencias personales y participativas. Palabras claves: Metodologías Activas, Aprendizaje basado en problemas, Educación Superior, Satisfacción Today's society requires educational systems capable of developing new skills and competencies; that allow future professionals to be reflective and with research skills, to solve problems in the socio-labor environment. The objective of this research is to identify the levels of development of personal and participatory skills in the PBL, according to the assessment of the students of the university training in physical education. Through a non-experimental descriptive quantitative study, a questionnaire was administered to physical education students. The results show sensitive levels of development in relation to training through PBL, followed by the level of satisfaction regarding the PBL tutorial process and personal and participatory skills. Key words: Active Methodologies, Problem-Based Learning, Higher Education, Satisfaction.

Background. In taekwondo (TKD), high-intensity actions—particularly kicks and rapid changes of direction—are key determinants of sport-specific performance. Kinetic vari-ables derived from unloaded countermovement jumps (CMJs) are employed as proxies of neuromuscular efficiency. However, most studies have examined the link between CMJ outputs and TKD using jump height alone in sport-specific tasks. Objective. To determine the associations between unloaded CMJ-derived kinetic variables and sport-specific performance, identifying key determinants of repeated high-intensity kicking capacity and change-of-direction ability. Methods. Fifteen national-team athletes (nine men, six women; 18–27 years) completed unloaded CMJ testing (Day 1) and, after 48 h, the Taekwondo-Specific Agility Test (TSAT) and the Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKTMULT) (Day 2). Results. For FSKTMULT, jump height (r = 0.545–0.746), take-off velocity (r = 0.548–0.799), and mean power (r = 0.602–0.799) were positively correlated with the number of kicks across all sets (p = 0.001–0.044). Stepwise regression identified mean power as the sole significant predictor, explaining 32–46% of the variance across sets. For TSAT, time correlated negatively with mean power (r = −0.678, p = 0.008), mean force (r = −0.536, p = 0.048), and RFD (0–30%) (r = −0.655, p = 0.011). Mean power and mid-propulsion impulse (30–60%) jointly explained 72.8% of the variance in TSAT time (R² = 0.728, p < 0.001). Conclusions. Unloaded CMJ mean power and mid-propulsion impulse (30–60%) emerge as proxies of neuromuscular efficiency linked to sport-specific perfor-mance, supporting their use for athlete monitoring and targeted training.

Despite its fundamental role in volleyball, the impact of serving on game dynamics during elite competitions remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the differences in serve types, directions, and outcomes of the 2023 Pan American Games. Using a quantitative cross-sectional approach with a non-experimental descriptive design, we analyzed serve types, directions, and outcomes across multiple matches. Direct observation, supplemented with advanced video analysis software, facilitated accurate data collection using observational methodology. The results revealed that 81.716% of the servers were floating servers, and 18.284% were power servers. Zone 1 (38.806%) was the primary origin, followed by Zones 6 (33.022%) and 5 (27.985%). Regarding destinations, Zone 6 had the highest proportion of serves (41.231%). Significant differences in serving effectiveness emerged between teams (χ² = 50.318, p < 0.001), with 57.553% of receptions classified as “in-system” and 17.208% resulting in direct points. Power servers were associated with a higher immediate scoring rate (χ² = 8.532, p = 0.003) and a greater risk of errors. Although the origin of the serve showed no significant association with the direct-point probability, it influenced the serve direction (χ² = 33.985, p = 0.036). In conclusion, the results revealed statistically significant differences with respect to serve type. Power serves led to a higher proportion of “in-system” receptions compared to float serves, and produced more direct points, although both predominantly targeted the central zones (5 and 6). In contrast, the serve’s origin (right, left, or center) did not significantly influence the scoring likelihood or reception outcomes, but it did affect the choice of serve destination. These findings underscore the strategic importance of serve type in maximizing offensive effectiveness.

Antecedentes: La Asimetría Bilateral (AB) y el Déficit Bilateral (DBL) y su potencial relación negativa con el rendimiento físico es actualmente estudiada, aunque la relación con la velocidad del cambio de dirección (CODS) y el sprint lineal (5-M) en atletas de karate se desconoce. Objetivo: Examinar las correlaciones entre la AB y el DBL con el CODS y 5-M, así como entre el salto horizontal con el CODS y 5-M. Métodos: Diez atletas hombres de categoría cadetes participaron voluntariamente de este estudio. Entre las habilidades físicas evaluadas se incluyeron: salto horizontal bilateral (SBJ), salto horizontal unilateral derecho (RSBJ), salto horizontal unilateral izquierdo (LSBJ), CODS y 5-M. Posteriormente, la AB y el DBL fueron calculados. Resultados: Se reportó una baja AB (5.17 ± 3.61%) y presencia de DBL (-36.9 ± 6.2 %). Correlaciones moderadas entre la AB con CODS (r = -.38; R2 = .15%; p = .30) y 5-M (r = -.47; R2 = .22%; p = .19) y entre DBL con 5-M (r = .51; R2 = .26%; p = .16) y bajas con CODS (r = .20; R2 = .04%; p = .60). Correlaciones significativas (p < .05) entre CODS con RSBJ (r = -.92; R2 = .85%; p = .00), SBJ (r = -.87; R2 = .75%; p = .00) y LSBJ (r = -.82; R2 = .67%; p = .00). Conclusiones: La AB y el DBL se relacionarían negativamente con el CODS y 5-M. Aunque, el CODS se relaciona con la fuerza explosiva horizontal bilateral y unilateral. Background: Bilateral asymmetry (AB) and Bilateral Deficit (DBL) and their potential negative relationship with physical performance is currently studied, although the relationship with change of direction speed (CODS) and linear sprint (5-M) in karate athletes is unknown. Aim: To examine correlations between AB and DBL with CODS and 5-M, as well as between horizontal jump with CODS and 5-M. Methods: Ten male cadet athletes voluntarily participated in this study. The physical abilities assessed included: bilateral horizontal jump (SBJ), right unilateral horizontal jump (RSBJ), left unilateral horizontal jump (LSBJ), CODS and 5-M. Subsequently, AB and DBL were calculated. Results: Low AB (5.17 ± 3.61%) and presence of DBL (-36.9 ± 6.2 %) were reported. Moderate correlations between AB with CODS (r = -.38; R2 = .15%; p = .30) and 5-M (r = -.47; R2 = .22%; p = .19) and between DBL with 5-M (r = .51; R2 = .26%; p = .16) and low with CODS (r = .20; R2 = .04%; p = .60). Significant correlations (p < .05) between CODS with RSBJ (r = -.92; R2 = .85%; p = .00), SBJ (r = -.87; R2 = .75%; p = .00) and LSBJ (r = -.82; R2 = .67%; p = .00). Conclusions: AB and DBL would be negatively related to CODS and 5-M. However, CODS is related to bilateral and unilateral horizontal explosive strength.