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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) antenna tracking system is an electromechanical component designed to track and steer the signal beams from the ground control station (GCS) to the airborne platform for optimum signal alignment. In a tracking system, an antenna continuously tracks a moving target and records their position. A UAV tracking antenna system is susceptible to signal loss if omnidirectional antenna is deployed as the preferred design. Therefore, to achieve longer UAV distance communication, there is a need for directional high gain antenna. From design principle, directional antennas are known to focus their signal energy in a particular direction viewed from their radiation pattern which is concentrated in a particular azimuth direction. Unfortunately, a directional antenna is limited by angle, thus, it must always be directed to the target. The other limitation of a UAV mechanical beam steering system is that the system is expensive to maintain and with low reliability. To solve this problem, we are proposing the use of MIMO technology as a readily available technology for UAV beyond line of sight technology. Although UAV antenna tracking is domiciled in the mechanical beam steering arrangement, this study shows that this native technology could be usurped by MIMO beam forming.
Anabi Hilary Kelechi; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Damilare Abdulbasit Oluwole; Philip Achimugu; Osichinaka Ubadike; Jamel Nebhen; Atayero Aaron-Anthony; Peerapong Uthansakul. The Recent Advancement in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Tracking Antenna: A Review. Sensors 2021, 21, 5662 .
AMA StyleAnabi Hilary Kelechi, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Damilare Abdulbasit Oluwole, Philip Achimugu, Osichinaka Ubadike, Jamel Nebhen, Atayero Aaron-Anthony, Peerapong Uthansakul. The Recent Advancement in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Tracking Antenna: A Review. Sensors. 2021; 21 (16):5662.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnabi Hilary Kelechi; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Damilare Abdulbasit Oluwole; Philip Achimugu; Osichinaka Ubadike; Jamel Nebhen; Atayero Aaron-Anthony; Peerapong Uthansakul. 2021. "The Recent Advancement in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Tracking Antenna: A Review." Sensors 21, no. 16: 5662.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are expected to play a key role in transportation systems to improve safety and reliability, particularly where data traffic is non-homogeneous and non-stationary. However, heterogeneous data sharing and processing poses numerous security and privacy concerns, which may prevent UAVs from being an integral part of future Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) networks. Some of the well-known security and privacy issues in the UAV-enabled ITS ecosystem include tracking UAVs and vehicle locations, unauthorized access to data and message modification. Therefore, in this paper, we contribute to the sum of knowledge by combining the Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography (HECC) techniques, digital signature and hash function to present a privacy-preserving authentication scheme. The security features of the proposed scheme are assessed using formal security analysis methods i.e., Real-Or- Random (ROR) oracle model. To examine the performance of the proposed scheme, a comparison with other existing schemes has been carried out. The results reveal that the proposed scheme outperforms its counterpart schemes in terms of computation and communication costs.
Muhammad Asghar Khan; Insaf Ullah; Ali Alkhalifah; Sajjad Ur Rehman; Jawad Ali Shah; Irfan Irfan Uddin; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Fahad Algarni. A Provable and Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2021, PP, 1 -1.
AMA StyleMuhammad Asghar Khan, Insaf Ullah, Ali Alkhalifah, Sajjad Ur Rehman, Jawad Ali Shah, Irfan Irfan Uddin, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Fahad Algarni. A Provable and Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. 2021; PP (99):1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Asghar Khan; Insaf Ullah; Ali Alkhalifah; Sajjad Ur Rehman; Jawad Ali Shah; Irfan Irfan Uddin; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Fahad Algarni. 2021. "A Provable and Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for UAV-Enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics PP, no. 99: 1-1.
This work describes an optimum utilization of hybrid photovoltaic (PV)—wind energy for residential buildings on its occurrence with a newly proposed autonomous fuzzy controller (AuFuCo). In this regard, a virtual model of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) and PV system (each rated at 2 kW) are constructed in a MATLAB Simulink environment. An autonomous fuzzy inference system is applied to model primary units of the controller such as load forecasting (LF), grid power selection (GPS) switch, renewable energy management system (REMS), and fuzzy load switch (FLS). The residential load consumption pattern (4 kW of connected load) is allowed to consume energy from the grid and hybrid resources located at the demand side and classified as base, priority, short-term, and schedulable loads. The simulation results identify that the proposed controller manages the demand side management (DSM) techniques for peak load shifting and valley filling effectively with renewable sources. Also, energy costs and savings for the home environment are evaluated using the proposed controller. Further, the energy conservation technique is studied by increasing renewable conversion efficiency (18% to 23% for PV and 35% to 45% for the VAWT model), which reduces the spending of 0.5% in energy cost and a 1.25% reduction in grid demand for 24-time units/day of the simulation study. Additionally, the proposed controller is adapted for computing energy cost (considering the same load pattern) for future demand, and it is exposed that the PV-wind energy cost reduced to 6.9% but 30.6% increase of coal energy cost due to its rise in the Indian energy market by 2030.
MohanaSundaram Anthony; Valsalal Prasad; Raju Kannadasan; Saad Mekhilef; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim; Abu Jahid; Ayman Aly. Autonomous Fuzzy Controller Design for the Utilization of Hybrid PV-Wind Energy Resources in Demand Side Management Environment. Electronics 2021, 10, 1618 .
AMA StyleMohanaSundaram Anthony, Valsalal Prasad, Raju Kannadasan, Saad Mekhilef, Mohammed Alsharif, Mun-Kyeom Kim, Abu Jahid, Ayman Aly. Autonomous Fuzzy Controller Design for the Utilization of Hybrid PV-Wind Energy Resources in Demand Side Management Environment. Electronics. 2021; 10 (14):1618.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohanaSundaram Anthony; Valsalal Prasad; Raju Kannadasan; Saad Mekhilef; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim; Abu Jahid; Ayman Aly. 2021. "Autonomous Fuzzy Controller Design for the Utilization of Hybrid PV-Wind Energy Resources in Demand Side Management Environment." Electronics 10, no. 14: 1618.
With the augmentation of affordable multimedia wireless gadgets, the ubiquitous availability of the internet access, and the rapid pace of mobile traffic motivate research towards fifth generation (5G) communications to realize energy-efficient cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) with guaranteed quality of experience. Exploiting green energy harvesting for powering the C-RAN substantially alleviates the energy procurement from the utility grid, carbon footprint, and operational expenses. In this paper, we propose a new dynamic point selection coordinated multipoint (DPS CoMP) based load balancing paradigm emphasizing achievable throughput and energy efficiency (EE) by reducing utility grid consumption from a network level perspective. This paper investigates the radio efficiency, EE, and average on-grid energy saving addressing the key challenges of tempo-spatial dynamics of traffic intensity and renewable energy (RE) generation under a wide range of network setup. Endeavoring load balancing technique strives a balance in network utilities such as green energy utilization and user association based on BS coordination technique in a cluster. Provision of cell sleep approach is contemplated for further energy saving by turning off lightly loaded base stations (BSs) during low traffic arrivals. The proposed CoMP based load balancing algorithm proficiently manages resource block allocation to the new users and elevated the energy efficiency over the conventional location and traffic centric mechanisms. Extensive system-level simulations manifest that the suggested framework enables an adjustable trade-off between radio efficiency and EE, and saves 22% on-grid power consumption and increases EE index by 32%. Afterward, an exhaustive comparison of the proposed method with the existing schemes is pledged for further validation highlighting sustainable 5G wireless systems.
Abu Jahid; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Peerapong Uthansakul; Jamel Nebhen; Ayman A. Aly. Energy Efficient Throughput Aware Traffic Load Balancing in Green Cellular Networks. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 1 -1.
AMA StyleAbu Jahid, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Peerapong Uthansakul, Jamel Nebhen, Ayman A. Aly. Energy Efficient Throughput Aware Traffic Load Balancing in Green Cellular Networks. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbu Jahid; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Peerapong Uthansakul; Jamel Nebhen; Ayman A. Aly. 2021. "Energy Efficient Throughput Aware Traffic Load Balancing in Green Cellular Networks." IEEE Access 9, no. : 1-1.
In recent years, non-linear loads on the distribution side are increasing rapidly. Notably, the electric arc furnace (EAF) is the most used non-linear load due to its diverse applications for industrial needs. However, EAF has some disadvantages like uneven distribution of heat inside the furnace, release of unwanted gases, increased level of harmonics, and Flickers in voltages. Specifically, power quality concerns are more and need comprehensive solutions. In this work, a matrix converter (MC) along with static VAR compensator (SVC) is proposed, and the hybrid exponential-hyperbolic furnace model is adapted in MATLAB platform. Simulations are carried out for different cases and the observed results are compared with existing methodologies. It was perceived that the power quality parameters such as peak current and voltages, total harmonic distortions (THDs), voltage flickers, and power factors are enhanced compared with existing methodologies. Precisely, the THD of current and voltage attains a prime rate of about 2.85% and 29.54%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed model’s voltage flicker and power factor offer a grander scale of about 1.26% and 0.9975, respectively. The enhanced scheme provides more significant advantages to the large-scale steel manufacturing plant with EAF.
Bharath Jebaraj; Jaison Bennet; Raju Kannadasan; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim; Ayman Aly; Mohamed Ahmed. Power Quality Enhancement in Electric Arc Furnace Using Matrix Converter and Static VAR Compensator. Electronics 2021, 10, 1125 .
AMA StyleBharath Jebaraj, Jaison Bennet, Raju Kannadasan, Mohammed Alsharif, Mun-Kyeom Kim, Ayman Aly, Mohamed Ahmed. Power Quality Enhancement in Electric Arc Furnace Using Matrix Converter and Static VAR Compensator. Electronics. 2021; 10 (9):1125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBharath Jebaraj; Jaison Bennet; Raju Kannadasan; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim; Ayman Aly; Mohamed Ahmed. 2021. "Power Quality Enhancement in Electric Arc Furnace Using Matrix Converter and Static VAR Compensator." Electronics 10, no. 9: 1125.
In this paper, a printed low-profile antenna with frequency and pattern reconfigurable functionality is designed in three modes. Each mode operates at different frequency bands and has several options available for pattern reconfiguration in these bands. The proposed antenna consists of eight pin-diode switches (S1 to S8). The switches S1 and S2, installed in the radiating patch, are used for frequency reconfigurability to control the operating bands of the antenna. The rest of the six switches (S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8), loaded in the stubs on the rear side of the antenna, are used for pattern reconfiguration to control the main lobe beam steering. When all switches are off, the proposed antenna operates in a wideband mode, covering the 3.82-9.32 GHz frequency range. When S1 is on, the antenna resonates in the 3.5 GHz (3.09-4.17 GHz) band. When both S1 and S2 are on, the resonant band of the antenna is shifted to 2.5 GHz band (2.40-2.81 GHz). A very good impedance matching with a return loss of less than -10 dB is attained in these bands. The beam steering is done at each operating frequency by controlling the on and off states of the six pin-diode switches (S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8). Depending on the state of the switches, the antenna can direct the beam in seven distinct directions at 4.2 GHz, 4.5 GHz, and 5 GHz. The main beam of the radiation pattern is steered in five different directions at 5.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 2.6 GHz operating bands for the given state of the mentioned switches. The proposed antenna supports several sub-6 GHz 5G bands (2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 4.2 GHz, 4.5 GHz, and 5 GHz) and can be used in handheld 5G devices.
Ikhlas Ahmad; Haris Dildar; Wasi Ur Rehman Khan; Syed Amir Ali Shah; Shakir Ullah; Sadiq Ullah; Syed Muhammad Umar; Mahmoud A. Albreem; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Kasturi Vasudevan. Design and Experimental Analysis of Multiband Compound Reconfigurable 5G Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Wireless Applications. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021, 2021, 1 -14.
AMA StyleIkhlas Ahmad, Haris Dildar, Wasi Ur Rehman Khan, Syed Amir Ali Shah, Shakir Ullah, Sadiq Ullah, Syed Muhammad Umar, Mahmoud A. Albreem, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Kasturi Vasudevan. Design and Experimental Analysis of Multiband Compound Reconfigurable 5G Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Wireless Applications. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. 2021; 2021 ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIkhlas Ahmad; Haris Dildar; Wasi Ur Rehman Khan; Syed Amir Ali Shah; Shakir Ullah; Sadiq Ullah; Syed Muhammad Umar; Mahmoud A. Albreem; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Kasturi Vasudevan. 2021. "Design and Experimental Analysis of Multiband Compound Reconfigurable 5G Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Wireless Applications." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021, no. : 1-14.
Renewable energy (RE) resource assessment is essential for planners and investors to increase its penetration capacity, and improve social and economic security. Integration of renewable power generations (RPGs) and reactive power compensators (RPCs) offer potential benefits to the existing power system network by providing a prospect for voltage control, reduction in power losses, sustainability, and reliability improvement. There are proven outcomes with these RPGs and RPCs placement in distribution systems. This work proposes a candidature location and sizing of RPGs and RPCs optimally in the Indian utility transmission power system network. The foremost purpose of this integrated operation at multiple nodes is to increase the performance of the power system concerning power loss and voltage deviation reductions, and voltage stability improvement. The loss sensitivity factor (LSF) based particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is adapted for finding the candidature locations and sizing the RPGs and RPCs under five different configurations. Simulation outcomes display the proposed methodology can lead to extensive performance enhancement in the power system towards the sustainable development of electric energy transactions. Further, renewable resource assessment is carried out to find the viability of the candidature locations. The potential of wind and solar energy resources is assessed widely and suitable tools are used to evaluate the power extraction through RE at these selected locations. The results show that the candidature locations have great potential to evacuate the energy, which can effectively improve the existing power system technically and economically. Additionally, it is attested that the RPGs can also be utilized for power system enhancement.
Chandrasekaran Venkatesan; Raju Kannadasan; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim; Jamel Nebhen. Assessment and Integration of Renewable Energy Resources Installations with Reactive Power Compensator in Indian Utility Power System Network. Electronics 2021, 10, 912 .
AMA StyleChandrasekaran Venkatesan, Raju Kannadasan, Mohammed Alsharif, Mun-Kyeom Kim, Jamel Nebhen. Assessment and Integration of Renewable Energy Resources Installations with Reactive Power Compensator in Indian Utility Power System Network. Electronics. 2021; 10 (8):912.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChandrasekaran Venkatesan; Raju Kannadasan; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim; Jamel Nebhen. 2021. "Assessment and Integration of Renewable Energy Resources Installations with Reactive Power Compensator in Indian Utility Power System Network." Electronics 10, no. 8: 912.
Green wireless networking has attracted considerable research attention, especially in academics and industry from economic and ecological perspectives. Promoting wireless infrastructures by exploiting green power sources has the potential to enhance sustainability and address the adverse impact of conventional power sources. A sustainable optimal standalone solar-powered model for green cellular base stations in urban locations of South Korea is proposed in this work to extend 24-hour uninterrupted power supply support to LTE cellular base stations (BSs) and take advantage of integrated storage devices. The optimal system architecture, energy management, and economic analysis are examined using the hybrid optimization model for electric renewable optimization software based on actual prevailing conditions of regions and their technical feasibility. Results showed that the proposed solar photovoltaic system can achieve significant operational expenditure savings of up to 43% and 43.58% in on- and off-grid sites, respectively, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the telecommunications sector. Moreover, the results of this study can provide a stronger platform for a sustainable green wireless network paradigm that can ensure energy sustainability compared with conventional technology.
Mohammed H. Alsharif; Raju Kannadasan; Abu Jahid; Mahmoud A. Albreem; Jamel Nebhen; Bong Jun Choi. Long-Term Techno-Economic Analysis of Sustainable and Zero Grid Cellular Base Station. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 54159 -54172.
AMA StyleMohammed H. Alsharif, Raju Kannadasan, Abu Jahid, Mahmoud A. Albreem, Jamel Nebhen, Bong Jun Choi. Long-Term Techno-Economic Analysis of Sustainable and Zero Grid Cellular Base Station. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 (99):54159-54172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed H. Alsharif; Raju Kannadasan; Abu Jahid; Mahmoud A. Albreem; Jamel Nebhen; Bong Jun Choi. 2021. "Long-Term Techno-Economic Analysis of Sustainable and Zero Grid Cellular Base Station." IEEE Access 9, no. 99: 54159-54172.
Distributed generation (DG) and capacitor bank (CB) allocation in distribution systems (DS) has the potential to enhance the overall system performance of radial distribution systems (RDS) using a multiobjective optimization technique. The benefits of CB and DG injection in the RDS greatly depend on selecting a suitable number of CBs/DGs and their volume along with the finest location. This work proposes applying a hybrid enhanced grey wolf optimizer and particle swarm optimization (EGWO-PSO) algorithm for optimal placement and sizing of DGs and CBs. EGWO is a metaheuristic optimization technique stimulated by grey wolves. On the other hand, PSO is a swarm-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm that finds the optimal solution to a problem through the movement of the particles. The advantages of both techniques are utilized to acquire mutual benefits, i.e., the exploration ability of the EGWO and the exploitation ability of the PSO. The proposed hybrid method has a high convergence speed and is not trapped in local optimal. Using this hybrid method, technical, economic, and environmental advantages are enhanced using multiobjective functions (MOF) such as minimizing active power losses, voltage deviation index (VDI), the total cost of electrical energy, and total emissions from generation sources and enhancing the voltage stability index (VSI). Six different operational cases are considered and carried out on two standard distribution systems, namely, IEEE 33- and 69-bus RDSs, to demonstrate the proposed scheme’s effectiveness extensively. The simulated results are compared with existing optimization algorithms. From the obtained results, it is observed that the proposed EGWO-PSO gives distinguished enhancements in multiobjective optimization of different conflicting objective functions and high-level performance with global optimal values.
Chandrasekaran Venkatesan; Raju Kannadasan; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim; Jamel Nebhen. A Novel Multiobjective Hybrid Technique for Siting and Sizing of Distributed Generation and Capacitor Banks in Radial Distribution Systems. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3308 .
AMA StyleChandrasekaran Venkatesan, Raju Kannadasan, Mohammed Alsharif, Mun-Kyeom Kim, Jamel Nebhen. A Novel Multiobjective Hybrid Technique for Siting and Sizing of Distributed Generation and Capacitor Banks in Radial Distribution Systems. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChandrasekaran Venkatesan; Raju Kannadasan; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim; Jamel Nebhen. 2021. "A Novel Multiobjective Hybrid Technique for Siting and Sizing of Distributed Generation and Capacitor Banks in Radial Distribution Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3308.
The continuous innovation and progression in hardware, software and communication technologies helped the expansion and accelerated growth in Internet of Things based drone networks (IoD), for the devices, applications and people to communicate and share data. IoD can enhance comfort in many applications including, daily life, commercial, and military/rescue operations in smart cities. However, this growth in infrastructure smartness is also subject to new security threats and the countermeasures require new customized solutions for IoD. Many schemes to secure IoD environments are proposed recently; however, some of those were proved as insecure and some degrades the efficiency. In this article, using elliptic curve cryptography, we proposed a new authentication scheme to secure the communication between a user and a drone flying in some specific flying zone. The security of the proposed scheme is solicited using formal Random oracle method along with a brief discussion on security aspects provided by proposed scheme. Finally, the comparisons with some related and latest schemes is illustrated.
Sajid Hussain; Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry; Osama Ahmad Alomari; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Muhammad Khurram Khan; Neeraj Kumar. Amassing the Security: An ECC-Based Authentication Scheme for Internet of Drones. IEEE Systems Journal 2021, 15, 4431 -4438.
AMA StyleSajid Hussain, Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry, Osama Ahmad Alomari, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Muhammad Khurram Khan, Neeraj Kumar. Amassing the Security: An ECC-Based Authentication Scheme for Internet of Drones. IEEE Systems Journal. 2021; 15 (3):4431-4438.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajid Hussain; Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry; Osama Ahmad Alomari; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Muhammad Khurram Khan; Neeraj Kumar. 2021. "Amassing the Security: An ECC-Based Authentication Scheme for Internet of Drones." IEEE Systems Journal 15, no. 3: 4431-4438.
Internet of things (IoT) is one of key pillars in fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) networks. It is estimated to have 42 billion IoT devices by the year 2025. Currently, carbon emissions and electronic waste (e-waste) are significant challenges in the information & communication technologies (ICT) sector. The aim of this article is to provide insights on green IoT (GIoT) applications, practices, awareness, and challenges to a generalist of wireless communications. We garner various efficient enablers, architectures, environmental impacts, technologies, energy models, and strategies, so that a reader can find a wider range of GIoT knowledge. In this article, various energy efficient hardware design principles, data-centers, and software based data traffic management techniques are discussed as enablers of GIoTs. Energy models of IoT devices are presented in terms of data communication, actuation process, static power dissipation and generated power by harvesting techniques for optimal power budgeting. In addition, this article presents various effective behavioral change models and strategies to create awareness about energy conservation among users and service providers of IoTs. Fog/Edge computing offers a platform that extends cloud services at the edge of network and hence reduces latency, alleviates power consumption, offers improved mobility, bandwidth, data privacy, and security. Therefore, we present the energy consumption model of a fog-based service under various scenarios. Problems related to ever increasing data in IoT networks can be solved by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) along with machine learning (ML) models in IoT networks. Therefore, this article provides insights on role of the ML in the GIoT. We also present how legislative policies support adoption of recycling process by various stakeholders. In addition, this article is presenting future research goals towards energy efficient hardware design principles and a need of coordination between policy makers, IoT devices manufacturers along with service providers.
Mahmoud A. Albreem; Abdul Manan Sheikh; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Muzammil Jusoh; Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin. Green Internet of Things (GIoT): Applications, Practices, Awareness, and Challenges. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 38833 -38858.
AMA StyleMahmoud A. Albreem, Abdul Manan Sheikh, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Muzammil Jusoh, Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin. Green Internet of Things (GIoT): Applications, Practices, Awareness, and Challenges. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():38833-38858.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud A. Albreem; Abdul Manan Sheikh; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Muzammil Jusoh; Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin. 2021. "Green Internet of Things (GIoT): Applications, Practices, Awareness, and Challenges." IEEE Access 9, no. : 38833-38858.
Owing to the intermittent nature of renewable energy systems, an improved power extraction technique and modernized power modulators are to be designed to overcome power quality challenges. Attesting to this fact, this work aims to enhance the efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) system using the BAT algorithm (BA) and enhances the overall performance of the system using modified inverter topology. Specifically, a new power electronic modulator, i.e., a simplified high gain quasi-boost inverter (SHGqBI), is implemented to eliminate the downsides of the conventional system. The proposed inverter reduces the additional components that can condense the volume of the design with reduced conduction and switching losses. The combination of BA-based PV rated 250 W and novel inverter configuration pick the global peak power with enhanced power quality. Notably, BA extracts the maximum power from the panel meritoriously with about 98.8% efficiency. This is because BA uses the global input parameters to track the maximum power of the PV panel, whereas other conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques used limited parameters. Further, the current and voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) of the proposed inverter are recorded, which show a commendable range of 2.7% and 10.2%, respectively. In addition, the efficiency of the inverter is found to be 97%. Consequently, the overall system efficiency is calculated and found to be 97.9%, providing greater advantages over a conventional system. The system is mathematically modelled using MATLAB/Simulink and validated through an experimental setup with the laboratory prototype model.
Mani Rajalakshmi; Sankaralingam Chandramohan; Raju Kannadasan; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim; Jamel Nebhen. Design and Validation of BAT Algorithm-Based Photovoltaic System Using Simplified High Gain Quasi Boost Inverter. Energies 2021, 14, 1086 .
AMA StyleMani Rajalakshmi, Sankaralingam Chandramohan, Raju Kannadasan, Mohammed Alsharif, Mun-Kyeom Kim, Jamel Nebhen. Design and Validation of BAT Algorithm-Based Photovoltaic System Using Simplified High Gain Quasi Boost Inverter. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):1086.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMani Rajalakshmi; Sankaralingam Chandramohan; Raju Kannadasan; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim; Jamel Nebhen. 2021. "Design and Validation of BAT Algorithm-Based Photovoltaic System Using Simplified High Gain Quasi Boost Inverter." Energies 14, no. 4: 1086.
This work demonstrates a techno-economical assessment of wind energy potential for four passes of Tamil Nadu (Aralvaimozhi, Shencottah, Palghat, and Cumbum) with uncertainty factors. First, a potential assessment was carried out with time-series data, and the Weibull parameters, such as c (scale) and k (shape), were determined using the modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications (MEERA) data set. Using these parameters, the mean speed, most probable speed, power density, maximum energy-carrying speed of wind power were determined. From the analysis, it was observed that all four passes had better wind parameters; notably, the Aralvaimozhi pass attained a better range of about 6.563 m/s (mean wind speed), 226 w/m2 (wind power density), 6.403 m/s (most probable wind speed), and 8.699 m/s (max wind speed). Further, uncertainty factors, such as the probability of exceedance (PoE), wind shear co-efficient (WSC), surface roughness, and wake loss effect (WLE), were evaluated. The value of PoE was found to be within the bound for all the locations, i.e., below 15%. In addition, the ranged of WSC showed a good trend between 0.05 and 0.5. Moreover, the surface length of the passes was evaluated and recorded to be 0.0024 m with a 73% energy index. Further, output power, annual energy production (AEP), capacity factor (CF), and cost of wind energy of all four passes were computed using different wind turbine ratings in two cases, i.e., with and without WLE. It was observed that there was a huge profit in loss from all the four locations due to WLE that was estimated to be Rupees (Rs.) 10.07 crores without considering interest components and Rs. 13.66 crores with interest component at a 10% annual rate of interest.
Varadharajan Balaguru; Nesamony Swaroopan; Kannadasan Raju; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim. Techno-Economic Investigation of Wind Energy Potential in Selected Sites with Uncertainty Factors. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2182 .
AMA StyleVaradharajan Balaguru, Nesamony Swaroopan, Kannadasan Raju, Mohammed Alsharif, Mun-Kyeom Kim. Techno-Economic Investigation of Wind Energy Potential in Selected Sites with Uncertainty Factors. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVaradharajan Balaguru; Nesamony Swaroopan; Kannadasan Raju; Mohammed Alsharif; Mun-Kyeom Kim. 2021. "Techno-Economic Investigation of Wind Energy Potential in Selected Sites with Uncertainty Factors." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2182.
The Internet of Things (IoT) connects enormous objects through various sensors to facilitate daily life by interconnecting the information space with the decision-makers. Security and privacy are, however, the main concerns in IoT due to the openness of communication channels and the unattended nature of common sensors. To provide security and privacy for sensors and users in IoT-based systems; in 2019, Zhou et al. proposed an unlinkable authentication scheme using bilinear pairings. However, the vulnerability of their scheme against sensor node impersonation attack as proved in this article renders the scheme of their work impractical and insecure. A pairing free lightweight and unlinkable authentication scheme for distributed IoT devices (PFLUA-DIoT) is then proposed in this article. The security of PFLUA-DIoT is proved using the formal method along with a discussion on its provision of security features. The performance and security comparisons show that PFLUA-DIoT provides known security features and provides better performance. Due to the avoidance of bilinear pairing-based expensive operations, PFLUA-DIoT completes authentication in less than half running time as compared with their and related schemes. Therefore, the PFLUA-DIoT can address the security and privacy issues of IoT, practically and efficiently.
Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry; Mohammad Sabzinejad Farash; Neeraj Kumar; Mohammed H. Alsharif. PFLUA-DIoT: A Pairing Free Lightweight and Unlinkable User Access Control Scheme for Distributed IoT Environments. IEEE Systems Journal 2020, PP, 1 -8.
AMA StyleShehzad Ashraf Chaudhry, Mohammad Sabzinejad Farash, Neeraj Kumar, Mohammed H. Alsharif. PFLUA-DIoT: A Pairing Free Lightweight and Unlinkable User Access Control Scheme for Distributed IoT Environments. IEEE Systems Journal. 2020; PP (99):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShehzad Ashraf Chaudhry; Mohammad Sabzinejad Farash; Neeraj Kumar; Mohammed H. Alsharif. 2020. "PFLUA-DIoT: A Pairing Free Lightweight and Unlinkable User Access Control Scheme for Distributed IoT Environments." IEEE Systems Journal PP, no. 99: 1-8.
With the proliferation of cellular networks, the ubiquitous availability of new-generation multimedia devices, and their wide-ranging data applications, telecom network operators are increasingly deploying the number of cellular base stations (BSs) to deal with unprecedented service demand. The rapid and radical deployment of the cellular network significantly exerts energy consumption and carbon footprints to the atmosphere. The ultimate objective of this work is to develop a sustainable and environmentally-friendly cellular infrastructure through compelling utilization of the locally available renewable energy sources (RES) namely solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and biomass generator (BG). This article addresses the key challenges of envisioning the hybrid solar PV/WT/BG powered macro BSs in Bangladesh considering the dynamic profile of the RES and traffic intensity in the tempo-spatial domain. The optimal system architecture and technical criteria of the proposed system are critically evaluated with the help of HOMER optimization software for both on-grid and off-grid conditions to downsize the electricity generation cost and waste outflows while ensuring the desired quality of experience (QoE) over 20 years duration. Besides, the green energy-sharing mechanism under the off-grid condition and the grid-tied condition has been critically analyzed for optimal use of green energy. Moreover, the heuristic algorithm of the load balancing technique among collocated BSs has been incorporated for elevating the throughput and energy efficiency (EE) as well. The spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency, and outage probability performance of the contemplated wireless network are substantially examined using Matlab based Monte–Carlo simulation under a wide range of network configurations. Simulation results reveal that the proper load balancing technique pledges zero outage probability with expected system performance whereas energy cooperation policy offers an attractive solution for developing green mobile communications employing better utilization of renewable energy under the proposed hybrid solar PV/WT/BG scheme.
Sanwar Hossain; Khondoker Ziaul Islam; Abu Jahid; Khondokar Rahman; Sarwar Ahmed; Mohammed Alsharif. Renewable Energy-Aware Sustainable Cellular Networks with Load Balancing and Energy-Sharing Technique. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9340 .
AMA StyleSanwar Hossain, Khondoker Ziaul Islam, Abu Jahid, Khondokar Rahman, Sarwar Ahmed, Mohammed Alsharif. Renewable Energy-Aware Sustainable Cellular Networks with Load Balancing and Energy-Sharing Technique. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanwar Hossain; Khondoker Ziaul Islam; Abu Jahid; Khondokar Rahman; Sarwar Ahmed; Mohammed Alsharif. 2020. "Renewable Energy-Aware Sustainable Cellular Networks with Load Balancing and Energy-Sharing Technique." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9340.
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a backbone technology in the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) networks. It enhances performance gain, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency. Unfortunately, a massive number of antennas need sophisticated processing to detect the transmitted signal. Although a detector based on the maximum likelihood (ML) is optimal, it incurs a high computational complexity, and hence, it is not hardware-friendly. In addition, the conventional linear detectors, such as the minimum mean square error (MMSE), include a matrix inversion, which causes a high computational complexity. As an alternative solution, approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm is proposed for data detection in massive MIMO uplink (UL) detectors. Although the AMP algorithm is converging extremely fast, the convergence is not guaranteed. A good initialization influences the convergence rate and affects the performance substantially together and the complexity. In this paper, we exploit several free-matrix-inversion methods, namely, the successive over-relaxation (SOR), the Gauss–Seidel (GS), and the Jacobi (JA), to initialize the AMP-based massive MIMO UL detector. In other words, hybrid detectors are proposed based on AMP, JA, SOR, and GS with an efficient initialization. Numerical results show that proposed detectors achieve a significant performance enhancement and a large reduction in the computational complexity.
Mahmoud Albreem; Arun Kumar; Mohammed Alsharif; Imran Khan; Bong Choi. Comparative Analysis of Data Detection Techniques for 5G Massive MIMO Systems. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9281 .
AMA StyleMahmoud Albreem, Arun Kumar, Mohammed Alsharif, Imran Khan, Bong Choi. Comparative Analysis of Data Detection Techniques for 5G Massive MIMO Systems. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9281.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahmoud Albreem; Arun Kumar; Mohammed Alsharif; Imran Khan; Bong Choi. 2020. "Comparative Analysis of Data Detection Techniques for 5G Massive MIMO Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9281.
The enormous growth in the cellular networks and ubiquitous wireless services has incurred momentous energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and thereby, imposed a great challenge to the development of energy-efficient sustainable cellular networks. With the augmentation of harvesting renewable energy, cellular base stations (BSs) are progressively being powered by renewable energy sources (RES) to reduce the energy crisis, carbon contents, and its dependency on conventional grid supply. Thus, the combined utilization of renewable energy sources with the electrical grid system is proving to be a more realistic option for developing an energy-efficient as well as an eco-sustainable system in the context of green mobile communications. The ultimate objective of this work is to develop a traffic-aware grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) optimal power supply system endeavoring the remote radio head (RRH) enabled heterogeneous networks (HetNets) aiming to minimize grid energy consumption and carbon footprint while ensuring long-term energy sustainability and energy efficiency (EE). Moreover, the load balancing technique is implemented among collocated BSs for better resource blocks (RBs) utilization and thereafter, the performance of the system is compared with an existing cell zooming enabled cellular architecture for benchmarking. Besides, the techno-economic feasibility of the envisaged system has been extensively analyzed using HOMER optimization software considering the dynamic nature of solar generation profile and traffic arrival rate. Furthermore, a thorough investigation is conducted with the help of Monte-Carlo simulations to assess the wireless network performance in terms of throughput, spectral efficiency (SE), and energy efficiency as well under a wide range of design scenarios. The numerical outcomes demonstrate that the proposed grid-tied solar PV/battery system can achieve a significant reduction of grid power consumption yielding up to 54.8% and ensure prominent energy sustainability with the effective modeling of renewable energy harvesting.
Sanwar Hossain; Abu Jahid; Khondoker Ziaul Islam; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Khondokar Mizanur Rahman; Fayzur Rahman; Farhad Hossain. Towards Energy Efficient Load Balancing for Sustainable Green Wireless Networks Under Optimal Power Supply. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 200635 -200654.
AMA StyleSanwar Hossain, Abu Jahid, Khondoker Ziaul Islam, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Khondokar Mizanur Rahman, Fayzur Rahman, Farhad Hossain. Towards Energy Efficient Load Balancing for Sustainable Green Wireless Networks Under Optimal Power Supply. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):200635-200654.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanwar Hossain; Abu Jahid; Khondoker Ziaul Islam; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Khondokar Mizanur Rahman; Fayzur Rahman; Farhad Hossain. 2020. "Towards Energy Efficient Load Balancing for Sustainable Green Wireless Networks Under Optimal Power Supply." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 200635-200654.
The performance of a massive multi-user Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) system, operating in Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode, severely degrades under imperfect Channel State Information (CSI). Among the main challenges toward the acquisition of sufficiently accurate CSI at the transmitter is the issue of enormous CSI feedback overhead. In this paper, a novel interference cancellation strategy is proposed to alleviate the overhead. The concept of a device-to-device based interference cancellation strategy was hinted in some prior works but has not been fully exploited in the multi-user MIMO systems, especially when the number of antennas becomes large. Hence, this paper aims to exploit the potential of User Equipment (UE) cooperation to reduce the dependency of precoder at the transmitter to the accuracy of CSI. To do so, adjacent pieces of UE that experience correlated CSI are clustered in a similar group, jointly adjusting their receive antenna combining the weight vector to maximize the channel vector orthogonality. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy reduces the dependency of system performance on the accuracy of CSI feedback; moreover, compared to the conventional limited feedback strategy, a larger number of antennas can be deployed at the transmitter.
Mehran Behjati; Rosdiadee Nordin; Mohammed Alsharif. A User Cooperation Approach for Interference Cancellation in FDD Massive MIMO Systems. Electronics 2020, 9, 1679 .
AMA StyleMehran Behjati, Rosdiadee Nordin, Mohammed Alsharif. A User Cooperation Approach for Interference Cancellation in FDD Massive MIMO Systems. Electronics. 2020; 9 (10):1679.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMehran Behjati; Rosdiadee Nordin; Mohammed Alsharif. 2020. "A User Cooperation Approach for Interference Cancellation in FDD Massive MIMO Systems." Electronics 9, no. 10: 1679.
This work focuses on the design and analysis of wind flow modifier (WFM) modeling of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) for low wind profile urban areas. A simulation is carried out to examine the performance of an efficient low aspect ratio C-shaped rotor and a proposed involute-type rotor. Further, the WFM model is adapted with a stack of decreased diameter tubes from wind inlet to outlet. It accelerates the wind velocity, and its effectiveness is examined on the involute turbine. Numerical analysis is performed with a realizable K-ε model to monitor the rotor blade performance in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ANSYS Fluent software tool. This viscous model with an optimal three-blade rotor with 0.96 m2 rotor swept area is simulated between the turbine rotational speeds ranging from 50 to 250 rpm. The parameters, such as lift–drag coefficient, lift–drag forces, torque, power coefficient, and power at various turbine speeds, are observed. It results in a maximum power coefficient of 0.071 for the drag force rotor and 0.22 for the lift force involute rotor. Moreover, the proposed WFM with an involute rotor extensively improves the maximum power coefficient to an appreciable value of 0.397 at 5 m/s wind speed, and this facilitates efficient design in the low wind profile area.
MohanaSundaram Anthony; Valsalal Prasad; Kannadasan Raju; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Zong Woo Geem; Junhee Hong. Design of Rotor Blades for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Wind Flow Modifier for Low Wind Profile Areas. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8050 .
AMA StyleMohanaSundaram Anthony, Valsalal Prasad, Kannadasan Raju, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Zong Woo Geem, Junhee Hong. Design of Rotor Blades for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Wind Flow Modifier for Low Wind Profile Areas. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8050.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohanaSundaram Anthony; Valsalal Prasad; Kannadasan Raju; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Zong Woo Geem; Junhee Hong. 2020. "Design of Rotor Blades for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Wind Flow Modifier for Low Wind Profile Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8050.
With the rapid increase in the development of a cellular communication system, remote health monitoring and smart health care are improving and getting through a swift transformation. Currently, we are utilizing the advance long term evolution (A-LTE) network to support the modern health care. Nevertheless, smart hospital/health concern is not fully evolved all around the world. The rollout of the fifth generation (5G) will improve the standard of the smart health care. However, requirements of a smart hospital will be different as compared to other applications such as education, industries, and the public. The smart hospital will be connected 24/7, with several small devices integrated with the sensors. In simple words, the future smart hospital will be based on the 5G and the internet of things (IoT), expected to augment the system coverage, effectiveness, and throughput of the system. Further, high speed, low latency, spectral efficiency, and low energy consumption are the requirements of the 5G based modern hospital. In this correspondence, we focused to improve the latency, spectrum, and throughput of the 5G network by implementing a hybrid detection technique based on the QR decomposition and the M algorithm-maximum likelihood detection (QRM-MLD) and beamforming (BF) for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system. In addition, a comparison between the proposed and conventional detection techniques is presented. The proposed hybrid detection technique improves the throughput of the system and reduces the computational complexity as compared to the conventional QRM-MLD algorithm, conventional BF and zero-forcing (ZF) techniques on the platform of several parameters i.e. complexity, bit error rate (BER), peak power, etc.
Arun Kumar; Mahmoud A. Albreem; Manoj Gupta; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Sunghwan Kim. Future 5G Network Based Smart Hospitals: Hybrid Detection Technique for Latency Improvement. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 153240 -153249.
AMA StyleArun Kumar, Mahmoud A. Albreem, Manoj Gupta, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Sunghwan Kim. Future 5G Network Based Smart Hospitals: Hybrid Detection Technique for Latency Improvement. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):153240-153249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArun Kumar; Mahmoud A. Albreem; Manoj Gupta; Mohammed H. Alsharif; Sunghwan Kim. 2020. "Future 5G Network Based Smart Hospitals: Hybrid Detection Technique for Latency Improvement." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 153240-153249.