Analyzing agro-climatic conditions for the period of 1981–2020 has revealed a tendency for local climate warming under the condition of its aridization in the territory of the Central region of the Russian Non-Chernozem zone, and the new northern borders for soybean growing in the region have been marked. The isotherm of the sum of active temperatures has been established to have shifted towards high latitudes by 150–200 km. The values of the sum of active temperatures have increased from 1700–2200 °C to 1950–2400 °C, while the amount of precipitation during the growing season has decreased by 20–40 mm on average, from 270–280 mm to 190–230 mm. Three agro-climatic subzones—northern (NAS), central (CAS) and southern (SAS)—have been identified, each characterized by similar temperature and humidity conditions during the growing season. Thus, in the northern agro-climatic subzone, the sum of temperatures during the growing season is 2000–2200 °C, the HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) is 1.4–1.7, and the sum of precipitation is 285–295 mm; in the central subzone, the sum of temperatures is 2200–2400 °C, the HTC is 1.1–1.4, and the sum of precipitation is 265–285 mm; in the southern one, the sum of temperatures is 2400–2600 °C, the HTC is 0.7–1.1, and the sum of precipitation is 255–265 mm. Along with the northern ecotype varieties recommended for this zone, the vegetation features of early maturing soybean varieties of other ecological types—southern and Far Eastern—were studied. As a result of the agro-ecological analysis of early maturing soybean varieties, it has been found that the soybeans belonging to the group of very early or early maturing with a determinant type of growth are recommended for cultivation in the northern agro-climatic subzone of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone; the soybean varieties belonging to the group of very early or early maturing with a determinant or semi-determinant type of growth—in the central zone; the soybean varieties belonging to the group of very early or early maturing with a determinant, semi-determinant, and indeterminant type of growth—in the southern zone. Considering the variety characteristics and the agro-ecological tests conducted, it has been found that the northern ecotype varieties can sustainably ripen in all agro-climatic subzones in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone, the southern and the Far Eastern varieties—in the central and the southern zones.

Currently, animal husbandry is one of the fastest growing agricultural subsectors worldwide. This requires an increase in feed production, which in turn will require an increase in the base of feed ingredients, mainly protein. One of the current global problems in animal husbandry is the shortage of feed protein. Therefore, the feed industry should be aware of the trends, problems and opportunities existing in the field of protein feed production.The aim of the study is to consider alternative protein sources that can partially or completely replace the usual protein in animal feed.The search and analysis of literature was carried out using the following Internet resources RSCI, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, e Library, Google Scholar (Google Academy) for the period 2020-2024.Results. Alternative protein sources not only fill the gap in protein requirements, but also pave the way for sustainable animal husbandry. Non-traditional protein products used in animal feed are expanding rapidly, and the emerging market for alternative protein is attracting investment. Alternative protein sources are essential to meet the growing demand for protein-rich feed ingredients, so the feed production sector needs to find alternative sources based on research results.

The main disadvantages of using soybean oil extraction waste as a raw feed material are its high contents of fiber, fat, and anti-nutritional factors. Therefore, several processing methods such as extrusion and hydrolysis are used to overcome these disadvantages and increase the availability of high-quality proteins to animals from this by-product. This study is concerned with the hydrolysis of extruded soybean meal in the presence of bacterial alkaline proteases. The effects of various process parameters were investigated to determine the optimal process parameters for hydrolysis in terms of the total free amino acid and amine nitrogen contents. The experiment included two sets of parameters that were selected for comparison: the temperature and pH in ranges of t 45–50 °C, pH 8–11, compared to the temperature and pH ranges of t = 40–45 °C and pH 7–9, using three enzyme/substrate ratios (1:10, 1:20, and 1:30). The protein hydrolysate was stored for three months after it was treated with two different preservatives (sorbic acid and thymol). Based on the results, it was found that the total free amino acid content was higher when the temperature range was 45–50 °C, the pH range was 8–11, and sorbic acid was used as a preservative.

Проблема производства растительного белка в целом в мире и в нашей стране стоит достаточно остро, дефицит может быть восполнен за счет собственного производства высокобелковых культур, в частности сои, или импорта. Создание соевого кластера на территории Российской Федерации позволит решить эту проблему, не только удовлетворив собственную потребность экономики в растительном белке, но и стать мировым экспортером. Дальневосточный регион является наиболее благоприятным для возделывания сои. Формирование соевого кластера позволит создать на российском Дальнем Востоке высокотехнологичное сельское хозяйство полного цикла, охватывающее семеноводство, высокоэффективное производство, традиционную и глубокую переработку. Для решения этого вопроса необходимо создать финансовые инструменты поддержки аграриев, желающих выращивать сою. Такими инструментами должны быть субсидирование процентной ставки по кредитам, предоставление сельскохозяйственной техники в...

Изучены качественные показатели семян наиболее перспективных сортов сои северного экотипа — Магева, Светлая, Касатка, Георгия в условиях Нечерноземной зоны Российской Федерации. Оценена их пригодность для использования на пищевые цели. Установлено содержание белка и жира в семенах сортов сои северного экотипа с потенциальной урожайностью до 2,5 т/га, способных формировать урожай за 100 дней на широте 56°, накапливающих сумму активных температур 1700 – 2000 °C. Содержание белка составляет в среднем 39,5 %. Наибольшее значение этого показателя отмечено у сорта Светлая — 40,6 %, наименьшее — у сорта Георгия — 38,7 %. Наибольшее количество крахмала в семенах отмечено у сорта Магева — 1,16 %, наименьшее — у сорта Касатка — 0,48 %. Сорта характеризуются не только повышенным содержанием белка, но и хорошим составом незаменимых аминокислот. По сортам содержится: метионин — 0,50 – 0,53 %, треонин — 1,41 – 1,47 %, триптофан — 0,28 – 0,30 %, лизин — 1,17 – 1,27 %. Содержание жира в семенах изучаемых сортов составило от 18,0 (сорта Касатка, Георгия) до 20,3 % (сорт Магева). По содержанию белка...

The article considers the current state and prospects for the development of soybean breeding and seed production in the modern economic conditions of the Russian Federation. In accord-ance with the Doctrine of Food Security, the share of seeds of domestic selection for agricultural crops should not be lower than 75 %. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, soy-beans belong to agricultural crops with a share of seeds of foreign selection from 40 to 50 %. The main objective of the development of breeding and seed production in the Russian Federa-tion is to reduce the share of imported seeds by using various methods of influence from the state in this segment and increase the number of seeds of domestic selection. The purpose of the study was to analyze the state of domestic soybean breeding and seed production in the modern economic conditions of the Russian Federation to identify current organizational and economic problems in this segment. Research results. It has been established that there are certain organi-zational and economic problems in the soybean breeding and seed production industry, such as low crop yield (the increase in yield since 2010 is no more than 0.57 t/ha), a low level of provi-sion of domestic producers with seeds of domestic selection, an increase in the share of foreign seed material in the structure of acreage over the past 5 years on 24 % – from 17.6 % in 2016 to 41.6 % in 2020. These problems need to be solved, and the effectiveness of these solutions can be ensured with direct state participation and strengthening the importance of domestic breeding and seed production through the implementation of programs aimed at improving the system of state variety testing and registration actions, obtaining competitive soybean varieties on the do-mestic market, the introduction of innovative technologies for seed crops, methods of creating scientific and educational centers for the purpose of training highly qualified personnel in the field of breeding and seed production for the agricultural sector of the economy. The field of practical application of the results of the study is the possibility of using part of the conclusions for further in-depth study of the prospects of soybean cultivation in Russia in order to solve the tasks set by the Government of the Russian Federation in the Doctrine of Food Security.