Analyzing agro-climatic conditions for the period of 1981–2020 has revealed a tendency for local climate warming under the condition of its aridization in the territory of the Central region of the Russian Non-Chernozem zone, and the new northern borders for soybean growing in the region have been marked. The isotherm of the sum of active temperatures has been established to have shifted towards high latitudes by 150–200 km. The values of the sum of active temperatures have increased from 1700–2200 °C to 1950–2400 °C, while the amount of precipitation during the growing season has decreased by 20–40 mm on average, from 270–280 mm to 190–230 mm. Three agro-climatic subzones—northern (NAS), central (CAS) and southern (SAS)—have been identified, each characterized by similar temperature and humidity conditions during the growing season. Thus, in the northern agro-climatic subzone, the sum of temperatures during the growing season is 2000–2200 °C, the HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) is 1.4–1.7, and the sum of precipitation is 285–295 mm; in the central subzone, the sum of temperatures is 2200–2400 °C, the HTC is 1.1–1.4, and the sum of precipitation is 265–285 mm; in the southern one, the sum of temperatures is 2400–2600 °C, the HTC is 0.7–1.1, and the sum of precipitation is 255–265 mm. Along with the northern ecotype varieties recommended for this zone, the vegetation features of early maturing soybean varieties of other ecological types—southern and Far Eastern—were studied. As a result of the agro-ecological analysis of early maturing soybean varieties, it has been found that the soybeans belonging to the group of very early or early maturing with a determinant type of growth are recommended for cultivation in the northern agro-climatic subzone of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone; the soybean varieties belonging to the group of very early or early maturing with a determinant or semi-determinant type of growth—in the central zone; the soybean varieties belonging to the group of very early or early maturing with a determinant, semi-determinant, and indeterminant type of growth—in the southern zone. Considering the variety characteristics and the agro-ecological tests conducted, it has been found that the northern ecotype varieties can sustainably ripen in all agro-climatic subzones in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone, the southern and the Far Eastern varieties—in the central and the southern zones.

The main disadvantages of using soybean oil extraction waste as a raw feed material are its high contents of fiber, fat, and anti-nutritional factors. Therefore, several processing methods such as extrusion and hydrolysis are used to overcome these disadvantages and increase the availability of high-quality proteins to animals from this by-product. This study is concerned with the hydrolysis of extruded soybean meal in the presence of bacterial alkaline proteases. The effects of various process parameters were investigated to determine the optimal process parameters for hydrolysis in terms of the total free amino acid and amine nitrogen contents. The experiment included two sets of parameters that were selected for comparison: the temperature and pH in ranges of t 45–50 °C, pH 8–11, compared to the temperature and pH ranges of t = 40–45 °C and pH 7–9, using three enzyme/substrate ratios (1:10, 1:20, and 1:30). The protein hydrolysate was stored for three months after it was treated with two different preservatives (sorbic acid and thymol). Based on the results, it was found that the total free amino acid content was higher when the temperature range was 45–50 °C, the pH range was 8–11, and sorbic acid was used as a preservative.

The analysis of the existing mathematical models of the options for the operation of sprinkling machines on pneumatic wheel supports shows the unconditional promising of their use to create optimal conditions for photosynthetic and symbiotic soybean apparatus, as well as to increase yields. The expediency of design surveys has been proven when improving the design of pneumatic wheels to ensure equality of transporting capabilities and minimize slipping of the driving wheels is proved, which, in turn, will reduce the level of damage and have a positive effect on the germination of soybean seeds.