The subject of global climate change is of great concern due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2). The United States ranks as the second-largest contributor to CO2 emissions globally, accounting for almost 15% of the total global emissions. The primary contributor to the United States' emissions is the combustion of fossil fuels to generate power, provide heat, and facilitate transportation. Nevertheless, the United States intends to decrease emissions by substituting fossil fuels with ecologically sustainable green energy sources. This study aims to analyze the effects of green energy consumption, economic growth, globalization, and urbanization on CO2 emissions in the United States. It utilizes annual time series data from 1970 to 2022. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) predictions indicate that a 1% increase in green energy and globalization would result in a reduction in CO2 emissions by 0.44% and 0.61% in the short term, and by 0.76% and 1.45% in the long term. Nevertheless, there is a direct correlation between a 1% rise in economic growth and urbanization and a corresponding increase in CO2 emissions. Specifically, in the short-term, CO2 emissions increase by 0.59% and 0.56%, while in the long-term, the increase is 0.29% and 0.20%. The findings validate the urgent need for a higher proportion of renewable energy in the energy mix. To achieve this, it would be necessary to promptly increase the renewable portfolio standards besides implementing additional aggressive cleaner energy goals. Furthermore, it is imperative to advocate for the promotion of sustainable trade performance besides fostering global partnerships with different nations to facilitate the development of collaborative research initiatives, sharing of specialized knowledge, and stimulation of innovation in the fields of green energy and sustainable practices.

Tourism industry is one of the primary sectors that contribute to economic growth of countries worldwide. Since it requires appropriate weather conditions and clean environment, climate changes can significantly affect the sector. Therefore, this study examines the causality and long-run relationship between the climate change and tourism sector in Turkey. To estimate the potential long-run relationship between variables, Granger-Causality test is applied to data from 1960 to 2016. The study uses World Development Indicator Data released by World Bank. For the analysis, carbon-dioxide emission, methane emission, energy use (oil equivalent), and forest land are standing for climate change indicators. International tourist arrivals and tourism revenues represent for tourism sector‘s variables. The findings show that there is a negative and significant coefficient of climate change on tourism sector. Also, in average, climatic change indicators have unidirectional and negative impact on international tourism revenue. Another finding is that climate change deteriorates to environment by augmenting carbon dioxide emission and methane emission. As a result, climatic change can weaken the tourism industry which can decrease the speed of Turkey‘s economic development. In the long run, this research can pioneer assessing the economic and environmental impacts of climate change in the tourism sector bases.