Geopolymer is an emerging material alternative to Portland cement and has potential as a refractory material. Adding filler in geopolymer material is a strategy to increase the advantages of its physical and mechanical properties. It has been previously reported that adding nanoparticles can increase the compressive strength value, but there is no reported interaction between nanoparticles and geopolymer during the geopolymerization process. This study aims to study the effect of adding nano-zirconia fillers on the physical and mechanical changes of metakaolin-based geopolymers with nano-zirconia fillers. The geopolymer samples were made with 100 g of metakaolin as the base material and nano-zirconia in amounts of 2 g, 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g. Further characterization was carried out by XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. This study showed that the compressive strength of the MZr05 sample increased significantly by 58.7% compared to the control sample. The test results of the structure and functional groups did not lead to any new compounds formed in the geopolymerization reaction. Therefore, the interaction of metakaolin geopolymer with nano-zirconia only creates an interfacial bonding.

Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion batteries or LIBs) have garnered significant interest as a promising technology in the energy industry and electronic devices for the past few decades owing to their superior energy and power density profiles, small size, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect, long-lasting power properties, and environmental friendly. The ongoing advancement of electrode and electrolyte materials has contributed significantly to enhancing and spreading the application of lithium-ion battery technology. Among the non-precious metal-based materials, perovskites have emerged as attention over the last decade, holding a prominent position in materials and energy. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, these materials have garnered particular interest for their potential application in electrochemical energy devices. Perovskite oxides have piqued the interest of researchers as potential catalysts in Li-O₂ batteries due to their remarkable electrochemical stability, high electronic and ionic conductivity, and the ability to modify their properties through doping and element substitution. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of recent developments in the application of perovskites as lithium-ion battery materials, including the exploration of novel compositions and structures, optimization of fabrication methods, and a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that can unveil the potential of perovskite materials.

Heavy metal contamination endangers human health and has been identified as a global issue. The rising concentration of heavy metals in industrial and domestic wastewater has prompted the quest for effective technologies and treatments to remove them. Zeolite is a promising material for eliminating heavy metals from diverse sources that pollute wastewater. Zeolite is a crystal comprised of hydrated aluminosilicates of alkali and alkaline earth metals in a threedimensional crystal network composed of easily controllable SiO4 4− and AlO4 5− . This review focuses on the critical analysis of the application of several zeolites for the adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater, namely Cd(II), As(III and V), Cr(III and VI), Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), and Hg(II). The results of heavy metal removal reported by zeolites are summarized, and the chemical modification of zeolites with acid/base/salt reagents, surfactants, and metal reagents has been investigated, compared, and discussed. The adsorption/desorption capabilities, systems, operational parameters, isotherms, and kinetics of zeolites are then explained and compared.

In this work, Synthesis of polysulfone (PSf) hydrophilic ultrafiltration membrane was prepared by addiction of Peat Clay (PC) as additive via phase inversion method. The polysulfone dope solution was loading by varied calcined peat clay composition, namely 0, 2, 4, and 6 wt%. Therefore, this study aims to study the influence of peat clay on the morphology and efficiency of the modified membranes studied. The prepared peat clay particles and membranes are all characterized by various physicochemical techniques such as Water Contact Angle (WCA), porosity, water absorption, FTIR, XRF, SEM, water flux. The characterization analysis on peat clay used in this study showed a higher value of silica components of 64.4492 wt%. The experimental results showed that the modified membrane showed high hydrophilicity the contact angle of water from 96.31° to 55.97°. The ability of water absorption increased to 42.71%, and membrane porosity increased from 23.66% to 45.63%. Whereas in SEM in the PSf membrane with the addition of peat clay, the top layer is solid with a higher thickness than without the addition of peat clay. The characteristics of the membrane show that the functional group in the addition of peat clay in the absorption of Si-OH and Si-O-Si, but there is a decrease in pure water flux (up to 3.61 kg.m-2.h-1) compared to pure membranes. Based on the results obtained, PSf-Peat Clay hollow fibre membrane shows potential as an innovative water reclamation technology.