COVID-19 caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide, becoming a long-term pandemic. To analyze the factors associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in the Lambayeque region of Peru. A retrospective cohort study of patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19, hospitalized in a hospital in northern Peru, was conducted from March to September 2020. Of the 297 patients studied, 69% were women, the mean age was 63.99 years (SD = ±15.33 years). Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (36.67%), followed by diabetes mellitus (24.67%) and obesity (8.33%). The probability of survival at 3 days of ICU stay was 65.3%, at 7 days 24.2%, and 0% on day 14. Risk factors associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 are age, male sex, tachypnea, low systolic blood pressure, low peripheral oxygen saturation, impaired renal function, elevated IL-6 and elevated D-dimer. Mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was 51.18 per 100 persons, Mortality was found to be associated with hypertension, type of infiltrating, and sepsis.

Background/Objectives: Hip fracture is a condition with increasing hospital demand, and the determinants of hospital stay are crucial for improving clinical outcomes and costs in this vulnerable population. To establish the determinants of the length of hospital stay (HS) of older adult patients with hip fractures in a hospital in the Lambayeque region of Peru during 2017–2019. Methods: We conducted an observational study based on a secondary data analysis. The outcome variable was HS, measured in terms of days from admission to the hospitalization unit until discharge. The main independent variables were age, functional ambulation category scale, cognitive status index (Mental Red Cross scale), Barthel index, comorbidities, geriatric syndromes, trauma diagnosis, reason for surgical delay, preoperative time and preoperative complications. We performed a Poisson or negative binomial regression through crude and adjusted models. Results: Of 399 patients, the average age was 82.25 years, with 63.7% being female. A Poisson and negative binomial regression analysis were conducted for the variables that were significant in the crude model, which were sex, multimorbidity, mental Red Cross scale, Barthel index, functional ambulation, number of geriatric syndromes, traumatic diagnosis, reason for delay in the first model, preoperative complications in the first model, emergency stay, and preoperative time in the second model. According to the adjusted model, the analysis found that in the first model, advanced dementia as measured by the Mental Red Cross (MRC) scale was associated with an increase in hospital length of stay (IRR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.03–3.23, p < 0.04); similarly, having preoperative complications increased hospital length of stay (IRR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.30–1.86, p < 0.001), adjusted for clinical variables; in the second model, preoperative time was associated with an increase in hospital length of stay (IRR = 7.44, 95% CI = 6.96–7.96, p < 0.001), adjusted for emergency department stay. A third global model was developed, finding that advanced dementia as measured by the MRC (IRR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.02–3.23, p < 0.04) and the presence of preoperative complications (IRR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.30–1.86, p < 0.04) were associated with increased hospital length of stay, adjusted for clinical and hospital variables. Conclusions: The average HS of older adult hip fracture patients treated at a tertiary hospital in the Lambayeque region of Peru was 17 days. The main determinants of HS duration were advanced dementia and presence of preoperative complications.

Background: Older adults with cancer are at increased risk of severe treatment-related toxicity. CARG, CRASH, and CARG-BC were developed as toxicity-risk prediction models, whereas G8 was developed as a geriatric screening instrument but has also been evaluated as a predictor of treatment-related toxicity. This study aimed to assess, separately for each instrument, the accuracy with which these tools identify older adults who develop severe chemotherapy-related toxicity. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Seven databases were searched through May 2026 for observational studies evaluating the predictive accuracy of the CARG, CRASH, CARG-BC and G8 tools in patients aged ≥65 years initiating chemotherapy. Pooled sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and ROC curves were constructed. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS-2 and certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. Results: Twenty-one studies were included, with an overall toxicity prevalence of 52.6%. CARG demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 79.7% and specificity of 38.3% (AUC = 0.632). CRASH showed sensitivity of 86.9% and specificity of 68.2% (AUC = 0.866), but estimates were based on only four studies. CRASH hematological toxicity showed sensitivity of 75.9% and specificity of 53.1% (AUC = 0.694), with substantial heterogeneity. G8 yielded sensitivity of 69.5% and specificity of 41.5% (AUC = 0.666). CARG-BC showed sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 54.4% (AUC = 0.763), based on two breast cancer studies. Certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low. Conclusions: The instruments have distinct purposes and were not pooled against one another. CARG and G8 may be useful for initial risk screening, whereas CRASH showed a more balanced profile but remains supported by limited evidence. None should be used as a stand-alone basis to withhold or modify treatment.

Dengue remains a major public health challenge in Peru, where recurrent outbreaks show marked variation in clinical presentation. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized available evidence to quantify the frequency and variability of dengue manifestations in Peruvian patients and to identify clinically relevant patterns for early recognition. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Virtual Health Library, and Scielo for observational studies published between 1993 and January 2025. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Twenty-eight studies including 4418 patients were analyzed. The most frequent manifestations were fever (95%; 95% CI: 90–98%), headache (86%; 95% CI: 80–91%), malaise (82%; 95% CI: 71–91%), myalgia (69%; 95% CI: 58–79%), arthralgia (64%; 95% CI: 56–73%), and retro-orbital pain (56%; 95% CI: 47–66%). Gastrointestinal symptoms were also common, including nausea/vomiting (40%; 95% CI: 33–48%) and abdominal pain (33%; 95% CI: 21–45%), whereas hemorrhagic and severe manifestations were less frequent, such as hematemesis (6%; 95% CI: 2–10%), petechiae (6%; 95% CI: 2–10%), jaundice (3%; 95% CI: 1–7%), and melena (1%; 95% CI: 0–6%). Heterogeneity was high across most outcomes (I² generally >90%), suggesting substantial between-study variability. This heterogeneity is likely related to differences in geographic region, outbreak period, circulating serotypes, diagnostic methods, and case severity definitions across studies. These findings highlight a consistent core symptom profile of dengue in Peru while also demonstrating important clinical variability. This information may support earlier clinical suspicion, triage, and surveillance in endemic settings. However, pooled estimates should be interpreted cautiously given the high heterogeneity, moderate methodological rigor of included studies, and lack of individual-level data. Future analyses stratified by region, study period, and diagnostic method are needed to generate more clinically precise estimates.