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The European Dehesa has a very high potential for the production of clean energy due to the solar irradiation it receives. Its arid climate, however, means that airborne dust particles accumulate on the photovoltaic panels, with the resulting reduction in transmittance of the glass top-sheets. Cleaning the module surfaces involves an economic investment that, to be profitable, has to be offset by sufficient increased energy production. The objective of the present study was to determine the optimal periodicity for cleaning photovoltaic panels installed in the Dehesa, and thus subject to its specific climate. To this end, an experimental installation was set up, and three cleaning plans (monthly, quarterly, and semi-annually) were tested against equivalent not-cleaned controls. The results showed monthly cleaning to increase a year's worth of energy generation by 11.15%. From weekly inspections and continuous monitoring of the panels' output power, a Markov-chains based mathematical model of the degradation of energy production was developed. The conclusion drawn from it was that the cleaning frequency should be monthly from July to October (with the optimal frequency being every three weeks), but that from November to June cleaning is unprofitable since it provides no significant improvement in output. Modelling the degradation of energy output constitutes a powerful tool with which to increase the bankability of photovoltaic plants.
Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Jaime González-Domínguez; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo; Joaquín García Sanz. Markov chains estimation of the optimal periodicity for cleaning photovoltaic panels installed in the dehesa. Renewable Energy 2021, 179, 537 -549.
AMA StyleGonzalo Sánchez-Barroso, Jaime González-Domínguez, Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo, Joaquín García Sanz. Markov chains estimation of the optimal periodicity for cleaning photovoltaic panels installed in the dehesa. Renewable Energy. 2021; 179 ():537-549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Jaime González-Domínguez; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo; Joaquín García Sanz. 2021. "Markov chains estimation of the optimal periodicity for cleaning photovoltaic panels installed in the dehesa." Renewable Energy 179, no. : 537-549.
Foundation slabs are a construction system common in many countries. Nevertheless, they have yet to be extensively studied in the scientific literature, to determine their most common anomalies during the service phase. The starting point of this study is a data source for which no international precedents were found: complaints by owners whose buildings suffered important defects and had to complain in the face of the courts. Through the reading of the judicial records it was possible to determine the damages that occurred, as well as each of the causal origins that led to them. A set of fundamental (most recurrent) damages was identified, as well as a classification according to their nature and affinity between them. Furthermore, an interrelational binomial pair was established between all damages and their causes, determining fifteen possible combinations, from which one should highlight fissures of structural origin, due to differential settlement of the terrain. Another aspect studied pertained to the types of buildings in which each of these cases took place, including their percentage weight according to the descriptors analysed during the research. All these results can be of great interest for forensic engineers.
Manuel J. Carretero-Ayuso; Mª Teresa Pinheiro-Alves. Classification of the most common pathology processes in foundation slabs: Learning from failures. Engineering Failure Analysis 2021, 127, 105537 .
AMA StyleManuel J. Carretero-Ayuso, Mª Teresa Pinheiro-Alves. Classification of the most common pathology processes in foundation slabs: Learning from failures. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2021; 127 ():105537.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel J. Carretero-Ayuso; Mª Teresa Pinheiro-Alves. 2021. "Classification of the most common pathology processes in foundation slabs: Learning from failures." Engineering Failure Analysis 127, no. : 105537.
The value of a house depends not only on the quality of the construction elements but also on the functionality of its installations. Making mistakes during the design and even execution phases of installations in newly built homes is common. This paper determines, catalogues, and quantifies faults in electrical and telecommunications installations in dwellings based on owners’ complaints and using the ‘learning from faults’ philosophy. To this end, 154 complaints concerning these installations in all of Spain were analyzed and protocolized. The results show that, in all types of dwellings, the most common fault was ‘alterations and malfunctions’ (81%), followed by ‘incorrect or lack of placement of elements’ (14%). The pathological origin with the greatest presence in the research was ‘shortcomings and omissions in the installation’ (40%) and ‘anomalies in the installation’ (36%). Moreover, all functional deterioration processes as well as the type of dwelling where each of these parameters occurred most were defined and quantified (association between each fault and its cause). Finally, the ‘probability factor’ (PF) was determined, which numerically quantifies the probable existence of complaints according to four ranges. The results will pave the way for more precise inspections during the construction phase.
Manuel Carretero-Ayuso; Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Jaime González-Domínguez; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. Failure Modes in Electricity and Telecommunication Facilities in Dwellings in Spain. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5274 .
AMA StyleManuel Carretero-Ayuso, Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso, Jaime González-Domínguez, Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. Failure Modes in Electricity and Telecommunication Facilities in Dwellings in Spain. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (11):5274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel Carretero-Ayuso; Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Jaime González-Domínguez; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. 2021. "Failure Modes in Electricity and Telecommunication Facilities in Dwellings in Spain." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 5274.
Computed tomography (CT) equipment uses a non-invasive radiology procedure to diagnose by generating images. This research aims to determine the degradation matrix and estimate the condition over time to the CT equipment to optimise their maintenance through Markov chain. The database failure history of four Spanish hospitals between 2016 and 2020 was used for this analysis. Five states of condition were used to develop the Markov degradation model, which enables the degradation of CT equipment to be properly estimated. It was found that their degradation can be modelled by Markov chains. The result is a degradation matrix with which the useful life of the equipment, the policy and the frequency of the maintenance can be established. Thus, the maintenance operations needed to reduce the equipment downtime can be determined.
Jaime González-Domínguez; Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Juan Aunión-Villa; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. Markov model of computed tomography equipment. Engineering Failure Analysis 2021, 127, 105506 .
AMA StyleJaime González-Domínguez, Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso, Juan Aunión-Villa, Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. Markov model of computed tomography equipment. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2021; 127 ():105506.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaime González-Domínguez; Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Juan Aunión-Villa; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. 2021. "Markov model of computed tomography equipment." Engineering Failure Analysis 127, no. : 105506.
Users’ journeys to healthcare centers generate high greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere. The aim of this work is to calculate the carbon footprint generated by these trips, considering different means of transport and average distances traveled. For this purpose, data corresponding to six rural healthcare centers in Extremadura (Spain), which provide health services to less than 15,000 inhabitants, were collected. Buildings that have been considered had a built-up area between 1,328 and 3,192 m2 and staff’s size ranged from 14 to 38. An average of 400 people was surveyed daily at each healthcare center for 25 random days over one year. Average results are 12.93 kg CO2eq/inhabitant, 50.52 kg CO2eq/m2, 2.97 kg CO2eq/user and 1.08 tCO2eq/worker. Equations for estimating GHG emissions in terms of functional parameters of the healthcare centers were also defined. The transportation-to-healthcare-centers breakdown entails travel by foot (33.5%), by single car (40.4%), by shared car (25.1%) and alternative vehicles (less than 1%). Moreover, it was found that sharing vehicles reduce average annual emissions by 20.5%. Finally, savings obtained in different scenarios increasing pedestrian were analyzed. This study allows to identify opportunities to reduce these GHG emissions, which lead to a lower environmental impact of health activity and is useful to calculate carbon footprint due to the operation of a healthcare center.
G. Sánchez-Barroso; J. González-Domínguez; J. García-Sanz-Calcedo. Impact of urban mobility on carbon footprint in healthcare centers in Extremadura (Spain). International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleG. Sánchez-Barroso, J. González-Domínguez, J. García-Sanz-Calcedo. Impact of urban mobility on carbon footprint in healthcare centers in Extremadura (Spain). International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. 2021; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Sánchez-Barroso; J. González-Domínguez; J. García-Sanz-Calcedo. 2021. "Impact of urban mobility on carbon footprint in healthcare centers in Extremadura (Spain)." International Journal of Sustainable Transportation , no. : 1-18.
Ceramic curved tile roofs (CCTR) have been used in Spain for ages. This roofing system is very common in Primary Healthcare Centers in Extremadura (Spain). The main objective of this research is to analyze the condition-based maintenance (CBM) of CCTR of Primary Healthcare buildings. Once the condition-based maintenance is analyzed, the optimal maintenance policy and frequency is obtained. A sample of 20 Primary Healthcare Centers in Extremadura (Spain) were evaluated using Markov chains, which represent a useful technique to analyze the influence of frequency and the initial year of maintenance for the increase of the CCTR service life. This study found that the service life of the CCTR can be extended by 8 years using non-periodic condition-based maintenance with a high level of reliability. The end of the service life of this system was also calculated, with a maximum estimated replacement time of about 39 years. Therefore, the maintenance program can be monitored to optimize the operation costs.
Jaime González-Domínguez; Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo; Milan Sokol. Condition-based maintenance of ceramic curved tiles roof in Primary Healthcare buildings using Markov chains. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 43, 102517 .
AMA StyleJaime González-Domínguez, Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso, Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo, Milan Sokol. Condition-based maintenance of ceramic curved tiles roof in Primary Healthcare buildings using Markov chains. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 43 ():102517.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaime González-Domínguez; Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo; Milan Sokol. 2021. "Condition-based maintenance of ceramic curved tiles roof in Primary Healthcare buildings using Markov chains." Journal of Building Engineering 43, no. : 102517.
The tendency to build Net-Zero Energy Buildings increases the need to know and control the energy used in them. This research aims to identify and quantify the energy used in the construction of healthcare centres and propose indicators based on different operational variables. For this purpose, seven healthcare centres built between 2007 and 2010 were analysed, and the energy embodied in the manufacturing, transport and placement of materials on-site, including the final tests and commissioning of the building, were calculated. The results show that the average embodied energy is 9.97 GJ per unit of built area, 0.011 for each euro invested in construction and 2.18 GJ for each user. Emissions per worker, construction working hour, electrical power and energy consumed were also typified, and different reference indicators were proposed. Equations have also been devised using multivariate regression to determine the embodied energy of a healthcare centre according to its built area (m2), investment in construction (€) and the number of users (No). The building elements with the most embodied energy were also identified, and the authors found that the average embodied energy is 29.31 times higher than that consumed in a year at the healthcare centre.
Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo; Nuno De Sousa Neves; João Paulo Almeida Fernandes. STUDY OF EMBODIED ENERGY IN HEALTHCARE CENTER CONSTRUCTION. JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2021, 27, 260 -267.
AMA StyleJusto García-Sanz-Calcedo, Nuno De Sousa Neves, João Paulo Almeida Fernandes. STUDY OF EMBODIED ENERGY IN HEALTHCARE CENTER CONSTRUCTION. JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT. 2021; 27 (4):260-267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJusto García-Sanz-Calcedo; Nuno De Sousa Neves; João Paulo Almeida Fernandes. 2021. "STUDY OF EMBODIED ENERGY IN HEALTHCARE CENTER CONSTRUCTION." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 27, no. 4: 260-267.
Optimization of material resources, energy efficiency and reduction of environmental impact are basic aspects in selection of a construction system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact generated by different shielding systems for walls of an X-ray room in healthcare buildings. Eight commercial construction systems for anti-X shielding were analysed. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed by SimaPro using the Ecoinvent database, and a single-score damage category analysis was performed for midpoint and endpoint levels. Prices of installation and working time employed in the construction of a functional unit of each system were obtained. Solutions with clay brick, cast-in-place reinforced concrete and sprayed concrete were the most favourable for the different categories. Sprayed concrete obtained 6.739 points/m2 of against 165.12 points/m2 of rolled steel option. The damage to human health occupies between 41% and 87% of the total impact in the protection areas. The impact category of human toxicity is also the broadest in the midpoint approach. Considering time and cost of implementation, clay brick solutions proved to be the most favourable, along with cast-in-place reinforced concrete and barite concrete. System #6 is the most environmentally friendly, 1.6 times less than the next one (which is #4), although its unit price is 1.94 times the cheapest (which is #2) and its execution time is 1.89 times the lowest (which is #2 again). The knowledge generated in this study will improve investment decision making for the planning departments of the Sanitary Systems, obtaining an economic, social and environmental benefit. The main novelty of the work lies in the object of the study (X-ray room) as well as in the integration of LCA and economic aspects.
Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Manuel Botejara-Antúnez; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo; Francisco Zamora-Polo. A life cycle analysis of ionizing radiation shielding construction systems in healthcare buildings. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 41, 102387 .
AMA StyleGonzalo Sánchez-Barroso, Manuel Botejara-Antúnez, Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo, Francisco Zamora-Polo. A life cycle analysis of ionizing radiation shielding construction systems in healthcare buildings. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 41 ():102387.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Manuel Botejara-Antúnez; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo; Francisco Zamora-Polo. 2021. "A life cycle analysis of ionizing radiation shielding construction systems in healthcare buildings." Journal of Building Engineering 41, no. : 102387.
Assessing energy use in healthcare buildings requires identifying consumption profiles regularly. Keeping this in mind, this paper studies the energy intensity of a hospital and sets specific energy performance indicators by healthcare area. The authors analysed a hospital located in the province of Madrid (Spain), equipped with 182 beds and an area of usage of 25,177 m2. The heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system (HVAC) and steam production equipment (63.0%) and medical equipment (18.8%)—which includes electromedicine (11.6%), radiology (4.2%), radiotherapy (0.7%) and nuclear medicine (2.4%)—accounted for 81.8% of the energy consumed. Throughout the analysis, the authors found that operating theatres and intensive care units demanded more than 1000 kWh/m2 per year, while catering and nuclear medicine required between 500 and 1000 kWh/m2 per year and radiology between 350 and 500 kWh/m2, and most of the other units did not exceed 250 kWh/m2. The wide variability of these results shows that each area’s energy consumption should be studied separately for an appropriate energy management. These indicators are useful for benchmarking between hospitals, thus prioritising energetically efficient investments.
Juan Aunión-Villa; Miguel Gómez-Chaparro; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. Study of the energy intensity by built areas in a medium-sized Spanish hospital. Energy Efficiency 2021, 14, 1 -15.
AMA StyleJuan Aunión-Villa, Miguel Gómez-Chaparro, Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. Study of the energy intensity by built areas in a medium-sized Spanish hospital. Energy Efficiency. 2021; 14 (3):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Aunión-Villa; Miguel Gómez-Chaparro; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. 2021. "Study of the energy intensity by built areas in a medium-sized Spanish hospital." Energy Efficiency 14, no. 3: 1-15.
The envelope is the skin that covers buildings and protects them from weather and outdoor actions. Consequently, this envelope is prone to have many deficiencies. This paper analyses 2030 cases that correspond to current Spanish buildings, from which the pathology combinations are categorised. In other words, each case studied is associated and quantified with the type of existing damage, the construction unit in which the damage occurred, and its original cause, thus showing the most recurrent and dominant combination and the construction typology where pathology combinations took place. A total of 10 groups of pathology combinations were determined in the horizontal envelope, and 34 groups in the vertical envelope. The results could be useful for technicians to have a very significant view of the most troubled points of envelopes, so preventive measures can be adopted when writing the project (design phase) and performing construction works. In this manner, damages would be reduced in the building envelope, as well as use costs, and habitability conditions would be improved, thus contributing to the most sustainable behaviour of the building process.
Manuel J. Carretero-Ayuso; C.E. Rodríguez-Jiménez; David Bienvenido-Huertas; Juan J. Moyano. Interrelations between the types of damages and their original causes in the envelope of buildings. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 39, 102235 .
AMA StyleManuel J. Carretero-Ayuso, C.E. Rodríguez-Jiménez, David Bienvenido-Huertas, Juan J. Moyano. Interrelations between the types of damages and their original causes in the envelope of buildings. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 39 ():102235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel J. Carretero-Ayuso; C.E. Rodríguez-Jiménez; David Bienvenido-Huertas; Juan J. Moyano. 2021. "Interrelations between the types of damages and their original causes in the envelope of buildings." Journal of Building Engineering 39, no. : 102235.
Weather conditions influence urban mobility and alter greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of carbon footprint derived from the use of private vehicles in Extremadura (Spain), focusing on weather-influenced transport to rural healthcare centres. This new understanding will help to improve predictions of the impact of anthropogenic emissions. A retrospective research method was proposed to analyse the surveys carried out between April-2019 and March-2020 in three healthcare centres where the number of users are ranged from 5376 to 11,980. A total of 22,541 patients were interviewed about the vehicle utilised to receive health assistance. Furthermore, average temperature, mean relative humidity and quantity of rain were collected to examine the correlation with CO2 emissions from transport. Mathematical expressions are proposed to estimate the daily CO2 emissions per user as a function of both temperature and relative humidity. The variation rate in the amount of emissions with respect to weather conditions is quantified. Emissions significantly decreased by 25% due to an increase of transport on foot at temperatures above 20 °C and relative humidity below 60%. The relationship between climate variables and transport mode choice is discussed to formulate policies and strategies that stimulate active transport. The influence of meteorological conditions was quantified separately, which were −8.6 g CO2eq/°C, +3.4 g CO2eq/%RH and +8.8 g CO2eq/mm rain. The findings of this research provide information to expand scope of Life Cycle Analyses of health infrastructures.
G. Sánchez-Barroso; J. González-Domínguez; J. García-Sanz-Calcedo; M. Sokol. Impact of weather-influenced urban mobility on carbon footprint of Spanish healthcare centres. Journal of Transport & Health 2021, 20, 101017 .
AMA StyleG. Sánchez-Barroso, J. González-Domínguez, J. García-Sanz-Calcedo, M. Sokol. Impact of weather-influenced urban mobility on carbon footprint of Spanish healthcare centres. Journal of Transport & Health. 2021; 20 ():101017.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Sánchez-Barroso; J. González-Domínguez; J. García-Sanz-Calcedo; M. Sokol. 2021. "Impact of weather-influenced urban mobility on carbon footprint of Spanish healthcare centres." Journal of Transport & Health 20, no. : 101017.
This paper uses a parametric study to evaluate the significance of the rotational components of Earth’s motion in a seismic design. The parametric study is based on the procedures included in Eurocode 8, Part 6. Although the answer to the question of when the effects of rotational components are important is quite a complex one and requires a more in-depth study, our aim was to try to assess this question in a relatively quick manner and with acceptable accuracy. The first part of the paper is devoted to derivation of a simple formula that can be used for expressing the importance of rotational components in comparison with the classic seismic design without their usage. The quasi-static analysis, assuming inertial forces, is used. A crucial role plays the shape of the fundamental mode of the vibration. Due to simplicity reasons, well-known expression for estimation of the first eigenmode as an exponential function with different power coefficients that vary for different types of buildings is used. The possibility of changing the soil parameters is subsequently included into the formula for estimation of the fundamental frequency of tall buildings. In the next part, the overall seismic analyses of complex FEM models of 3D buildings and chimneys are performed. The results from those analyses are then compared with those from simplified calculations. The importance of the soil characteristics for determination of whether it is necessary to take into account the rotational effects is further discussed.
Milan Sokol; Rudolf Ároch; Katarína Lamperová; Martin Marton; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. Parametric Analysis of Rotational Effects in Seismic Design of Tall Structures. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 597 .
AMA StyleMilan Sokol, Rudolf Ároch, Katarína Lamperová, Martin Marton, Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. Parametric Analysis of Rotational Effects in Seismic Design of Tall Structures. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):597.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilan Sokol; Rudolf Ároch; Katarína Lamperová; Martin Marton; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. 2021. "Parametric Analysis of Rotational Effects in Seismic Design of Tall Structures." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2: 597.
The design of a sustainable building should include a reduction of its energy consumption, by considering the embodied energy and CO2 emissions generated during material manufacturing, transport and construction processes. A Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) facility in buildings consumes large amounts of energy. The aim of this work is to quantify the embodied carbon and energy of HVAC systems installed in healthcare centers. For this purpose, 6 healthcare centers in the region of Extremadura (Spain) -projected between 2006 and 2009 and built between 2007 and 2010- were analyzed. The results show that the embodied carbon -considering HVAC installations lifetime estimated at 15 years-is equivalent to the CO2 emitted for 2.3 years in the operation phase, and that the embodied energy is approximately 2.65 times the amount used in one year during that phase. Particularly, the average embodied carbon and energy is 48.95 kg of CO2 and 587.32 MJ per m2, respectively, discarding the environmental impact of refrigerant gases. Additionally, different reference indicators are proposed to calculate both parameters according to different structural variables of a given healthcare center, including number of users, number of staff, HVAC installation costs, electrical power and average annual energy consumption.
Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo; Nuno De Sousa Neves; João Paulo Almeida Fernandes. Measurement of embodied carbon and energy of HVAC facilities in healthcare centers. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 289, 125151 .
AMA StyleJusto García-Sanz-Calcedo, Nuno De Sousa Neves, João Paulo Almeida Fernandes. Measurement of embodied carbon and energy of HVAC facilities in healthcare centers. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 289 ():125151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJusto García-Sanz-Calcedo; Nuno De Sousa Neves; João Paulo Almeida Fernandes. 2020. "Measurement of embodied carbon and energy of HVAC facilities in healthcare centers." Journal of Cleaner Production 289, no. : 125151.
The sustainability of building envelopes is affected by its windows, since these establish the connection/separation between the indoor rooms and the external environment. They can also lead to problems if they do not offer sufficient protection against external agents. The data source in this research is unprecedented, as it is based on records of court sentences. There is a significant number of cases (1615), which provides high representativeness for the functional reality of windows. The methodology that was developed classifies the defects and the causes that were found, also analysing correspondence with their recurrence according to aspects of climatological location. In the results, the cases pertaining to water infiltration, air permeability and humidity by condensation are highlighted. This study provides a vision that categorizes problems related to aluminium windows that may be useful for future interventions by agents participating in the construction process.
Manuel Carretero-Ayuso; Carlos Rodríguez-Jiménez; David Bienvenido-Huertas; Juan Moyano. Cataloguing of the Defects Existing in Aluminium Window Frames and Their Recurrence According to Pluvio-Climatic Zones. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7398 .
AMA StyleManuel Carretero-Ayuso, Carlos Rodríguez-Jiménez, David Bienvenido-Huertas, Juan Moyano. Cataloguing of the Defects Existing in Aluminium Window Frames and Their Recurrence According to Pluvio-Climatic Zones. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel Carretero-Ayuso; Carlos Rodríguez-Jiménez; David Bienvenido-Huertas; Juan Moyano. 2020. "Cataloguing of the Defects Existing in Aluminium Window Frames and Their Recurrence According to Pluvio-Climatic Zones." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7398.
Technical installations can be placed on accessible flat roofs in hospitals. However, flat roofs also increase the risk of leaks and other drawbacks, which may alter the ordinary conditions of use of the building. This research aims to optimise the periodicity of flat roofs maintenance operations in hospitals to increase their useful life and guarantee their reliability. This research considered flat accessible roofs with three types of waterproofing membranes: bitumen, PVC and elastomeric. A sample of 12 hospitals in Extremadura (Spain) was processed using the Markov Chain. The results show that the degradation of flat roofs can be estimated and consequently the most appropriate maintenance plan considering reliability. The authors found that preventive maintenance contributed towards extending the lifetime of the roofs up to 8 years with reliability exceeding 63.21%. In this respect, the PVC membrane was found to suffer the least degradation. The average operating life of the membranes was calculated: 28 years for PVC, 24 years for elastomer and 21 years for bitumen. The time between replacements was also estimated, which means maintenance operations can be systematised to optimise costs and boost reliability.
Jaime González-Domínguez; Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. Preventive maintenance optimisation of accessible flat roofs in healthcare centres using the Markov chain. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 32, 101775 .
AMA StyleJaime González-Domínguez, Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso, Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. Preventive maintenance optimisation of accessible flat roofs in healthcare centres using the Markov chain. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 32 ():101775.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaime González-Domínguez; Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. 2020. "Preventive maintenance optimisation of accessible flat roofs in healthcare centres using the Markov chain." Journal of Building Engineering 32, no. : 101775.
Electro-medical equipment generates a high impact on the sustainability of a hospital and require high availability at a reasonable maintenance cost. The aim of this paper is to analyse the sustainability and performance of the maintenance of electro-medical equipment, through several healthcare variables (hospital admissions, surgeries, consultations, etc.), infrastructure variables (surface area, number of beds, number of operating theatres, etc.), human resources and the acquisition value of the equipment, relating them to the labour, materials and total and operative maintenance costs. 4,586 electro-medical equipment were analysed (grouped into 16 categories) installed in 12 Spanish hospitals of between 20 and 200 beds during the 2016-2018 period. The results show that the maintenance costs of electro-medical equipment correlate with the number of beds and operating theatres, nursing staff, equipment acquisition value, number of admissions, surgeries and the total length of hospital stay. Different equations are proposed to estimate maintenance costs based on the variables studied. They include indicators that give an overall view of maintenance operations.
Juan Aunión-Villa; Miguel Gómez-Chaparro; Justo García Sanz-Calcedo. Assessment of the maintenance costs of electro-medical equipment in Spanish hospitals. Expert Review of Medical Devices 2020, 17, 855 -865.
AMA StyleJuan Aunión-Villa, Miguel Gómez-Chaparro, Justo García Sanz-Calcedo. Assessment of the maintenance costs of electro-medical equipment in Spanish hospitals. Expert Review of Medical Devices. 2020; 17 (8):855-865.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Aunión-Villa; Miguel Gómez-Chaparro; Justo García Sanz-Calcedo. 2020. "Assessment of the maintenance costs of electro-medical equipment in Spanish hospitals." Expert Review of Medical Devices 17, no. 8: 855-865.
The optimization of maintenance in healthcare buildings reduces operating costs and contributes towards increasing the sustainability of the healthcare system. This paper proposes a tool to schedule preventive maintenance for healthcare centers using Markov chains. To this end, the authors analyzed 25 healthcare centers belonging to the three Healthcare Districts of Spain and built between 1985 and 2005. Markov chains proved useful in choosing the most suitable maintenance policies for each healthcare building without exceeding a specific degradation boundary, which enabled achieving an ideal maintenance frequency and reduced the use of resources. Markov chains have also proven useful in optimizing the periodicity of routine maintenance tasks, ensuring a suitable level of maintenance according to the frequency of the failures and reducing the cost and carbon footprint. The healthcare centers observed during the study managed to save more than 700 km of journeys, reduce emissions in its operations as a whole by 174.3 kg of CO2 per month and increase the overall efficiency of maintenance operations by 15%. This approach, therefore, renders it advisable to plan the maintenance of healthcare buildings.
Jaime González-Domínguez; Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. Scheduling of Preventive Maintenance in Healthcare Buildings Using Markov Chain. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5263 .
AMA StyleJaime González-Domínguez, Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso, Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. Scheduling of Preventive Maintenance in Healthcare Buildings Using Markov Chain. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (15):5263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaime González-Domínguez; Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo. 2020. "Scheduling of Preventive Maintenance in Healthcare Buildings Using Markov Chain." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15: 5263.
This paper presents the study of the most common types of construction flaws in facing brick facades. It is intended to study the intervening parameters and know the interrelations between them, developing a risk evaluation framework through a process of categorisation. The 274 cases analysed correspond to the totality of the period of the study and cover the entirety of the Spanish territory. The adaptation of the weighted factor method allows to establish and quantify risk categories according to the number of variants of interrelations and according to the number of cases, subsequently determining the risk of lawsuit for each construction flaw. The results include a dual study according to the two above-mentioned concepts, providing a standardised codification of each case, as well as its individual risk factor. As for the evaluation, five risk categories are established (very high, high, moderate, low and very low), allowing to demonstrate that, by intervening on certain interrelations (whether in the design stage or in the execution stage) it is possible to clearly reduce the probability of litigation, as well as the number of associated construction flaws. Consequently, the establishment of the aforementioned categories constitutes a very useful tool for risk managers – requiring first their identification and, secondly, their control and reduction.
Manuel J. Carretero-Ayuso; María Paz Sáez-Pérez. Construction flaws in facing brick facades and the risk of associated litigation. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 33, 101633 .
AMA StyleManuel J. Carretero-Ayuso, María Paz Sáez-Pérez. Construction flaws in facing brick facades and the risk of associated litigation. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 33 ():101633.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManuel J. Carretero-Ayuso; María Paz Sáez-Pérez. 2020. "Construction flaws in facing brick facades and the risk of associated litigation." Journal of Building Engineering 33, no. : 101633.
Motivational orientations predispose and condition behaviour, and determine the degree of assimilation of concepts by students during their training stage. Knowing them allows professors to conduct their lessons in order to favour maximum achievement for students. The objective of this work is to evaluate the motivation that guides the learning process of Industrial Engineering students at the University of Extremadura (Spain). About three quarters of the students present a high motivation for learning; half of them tend to be result-oriented and less than 10% show a high level of fear of failure. Homogeneous groups were formed based on the level of each dimension, and influential teaching methodologies were discussed. Therefore, it is possible to create a context that favors the acquisition of knowledge by students according to their motivations, and thus achieve maximum academic performance from them. The results shown here may be interesting for the design of promotional activities for SDGs in the university context.
Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Jaime González-Domínguez; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo; Francisco Zamora-Polo. Analysis of Learning Motivation in Industrial Engineering Teaching in University of Extremadura (Spain). Sustainability 2020, 12, 4987 .
AMA StyleGonzalo Sánchez-Barroso, Jaime González-Domínguez, Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo, Francisco Zamora-Polo. Analysis of Learning Motivation in Industrial Engineering Teaching in University of Extremadura (Spain). Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):4987.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzalo Sánchez-Barroso; Jaime González-Domínguez; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo; Francisco Zamora-Polo. 2020. "Analysis of Learning Motivation in Industrial Engineering Teaching in University of Extremadura (Spain)." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 4987.
Building Information Modelling for small constructions is a useful working tool aimed at providing alternative solutions in building engineering. However, it is not commonly applied to this purpose, and even less together with photogrammetry techniques. This work seeks to analyse the advantages of this methodology with photogrammetry support in small projects. To this end, 121 commercial franchise projects in the field of perfume and cosmetic industry were studied in order to assess the benefits of BIM methodology. These projects were developed between 2011 and 2016. BIM protocols were shown to achieve 20% reduction in costs per project and in working periods (4.11 days), which led to a productivity improvement exceeding 27%. The total period until opening to public was observed to decrease in 10.09 days, and the number of inquiries and doubts during the project execution phase handled by the construction companies were seen to reduce by 25%. Moreover, the return of investment (ROI) corresponding to the implementation of BIM protocols was found to be more favourable than that of CAD (41.88%), with associated internal rate of return (IRR) of 34.5%. The validity of the results is limited to the scope of works for small commercial premises.
Antonio J. Loredo Conde; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo; Antonio M. Reyes Rodríguez. USE OF BIM WITH PHOTOGRAMMETRY SUPPORT IN SMALL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. CASE STUDY FOR COMMERCIAL FRANCHISES. JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2020, 26, 513 -523.
AMA StyleAntonio J. Loredo Conde, Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo, Antonio M. Reyes Rodríguez. USE OF BIM WITH PHOTOGRAMMETRY SUPPORT IN SMALL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. CASE STUDY FOR COMMERCIAL FRANCHISES. JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT. 2020; 26 (6):513-523.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio J. Loredo Conde; Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo; Antonio M. Reyes Rodríguez. 2020. "USE OF BIM WITH PHOTOGRAMMETRY SUPPORT IN SMALL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. CASE STUDY FOR COMMERCIAL FRANCHISES." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 26, no. 6: 513-523.