Currently, the amount of man-made waste worldwide is steadily increasing. It is, therefore, necessary to constantly look for effective ways of utilization and recycling. It is also necessary to reduce the use of non-renewable resources and reduce the impact on the environment. The use of coal industry waste is currently quite insignificant, amounting to some 10% of the total volume. The work aimed to study the properties of raw materials and study the processes of structure formation during the forming, drying, and firing of composite ceramic produced using overburden rock and additives. The work’s relevance lies in the need to solve environmental, economic, and technological problems related to the utilization of coal mining waste. Experiments of the past prove the possibility of using the waste coal industry as additives in the production of building materials. The article presents the results of studies of the chemical, mineralogical, and granulometric composition of overburden rock in coal mining. Peculiarities of structure formation during the forming, drying, and firing of ceramic composites based on optimal fractional compositions from coal-mine overburden were revealed. Organic and chemical additives were used for the correction of technological properties and improvement of the quality of finished composite products. The physical and mechanical indices of the obtained composite ceramic samples were determined, the analysis of which revealed that the use of highly mineralized carbonaceous rocks as solid additives provided a 2–2.5-fold increase in the strength of the product, 5.6% reduction in water absorption, and an increase in the product frost resistance by 20–25 cycles. The aluminum oxychloride influence on the physical and mechanical indices of the obtained composite articles was reflected in a reduction in their water absorption from 8.2 to 7.0%, a 10–12% increase in strength in compression, and an increase in freeze–thaw resistance by 30–35 cycles. Research results proved that the composition and properties of coal-mine overburden rock are close to those of conventional clays. With special technological preparation, they can be used for the production of composite ceramic products. This will significantly reduce the cost of bricks, to make up for the shortage of high-grade clay raw materials and improve the environmental situation. Nevertheless, further research into the use of coal-mine overburdens in the composite ceramic material technology is warranted.

This paper presents linking computational research of the multilayer structure of the cladding of a three-layer panel made of highly porous polystyrene concrete developed using a new technology in comparison with traditional ones. The calculation of the thermal efficiency of the exterior fence was carried out in three stages, where the thermal regime was calculated from the values of temperature fields in the ELCUT 6.6 system, and the humidity and air modes were determined by the analytical method in the Maple system. The territory of central Kazakhstan (Karaganda) was selected as the research region, where the research showed that equating the thickness by the values of the actual and required heat transfer resistances of traditional multilayer structures to the developed one, the thickness of traditional structures increases from 3.09% to 27.83%. Moisture accumulation relative to the developed one occurs in all the studied structures. Thus, if in some cases of traditional structures moisture is collected by 2.61% and 9.48% less, in others moisture is collected by 27.94% and 119% more. However, the value of evaporated moisture during the drying period showed that all the moisture will evaporate during the specified period. Thus, all the structures meet the conditions for the inadmissibility of moisture for the annual period and the period of moisture accumulation. Moreover, the values of the actual and required permeabilities to air satisfy the condition, which affected the values of the temperature fields taking into account air filtration; the developed structure showed a positive effect for this value, and in traditional structures, the value of ${\tau }_{int}$ decreased to 1.35 °C depending on the option. The analytical results of the thermal inertia values of the developed and traditional multilayer structures showed that the developed structure exceeds traditional ones by up to 30.04% depending on the option, which is positive in the cold period. It was also found that the market prices of all traditional structures exceed the developed one by 1.2–2.5 times, depending on the design, which also emphasizes the positive aspects of the new design. Thus, the findings of this research will positively complement the catalog of products of external multilayer cladding structures made of effective materials and can be used by research communities and design organizations in the design of residential buildings.

This study explores the impact of uniformly moving normal and torsional loads along an infinitely long circular cylindrical cavity, situated within a half-space (body), on the behavior of the elastic half-space. The cavity is either unreinforced or reinforced by a thin-walled elastic shell. To describe the motion of the body and the shell, dynamic equations of elasticity theory in the Lamé potentials and equations of the classical shell theory are used, respectively. The equations are represented in coordinate systems moving together with the loads (cylindrical or Cartesian). The method of integral Fourier transform is used to determine the stress-strain state (SSS) of the half-space. The solution to this problem considers waves reflected from the boundary of the half-space, which occur during the movement of loads, instead of assuming the body is an elastic space like similar works. The results of numerical experiments are presented, illustrating the influence of the shell on the deformed state of the half-space boundary under the action of axisymmetric normal and shear loads, which are uniformly applied within a certain range and move at a constant speed.

The utilization of clay raw materials in combination with industrial by-products, such as phosphorus slag and waste glass, offers an effective approach to expanding the raw material base of ceramic production, reducing environmental impacts, and improving the efficiency of natural resource utilization. This study evaluates the feasibility of using medium-plastic loam from the Sarykemer deposit, granulated phosphorus slag, and ground waste glass in the production of building ceramics and determines the optimal ceramic mass composition to achieve enhanced physical and mechanical properties. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the raw materials and their influence on the properties of the ceramic body were investigated. Experimental specimens with different component proportions were prepared at a molding moisture content of 20%, followed by drying and firing at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1050 °C. The optimum firing temperature was determined based on the degree of sintering observed on the fracture surface and the physical and mechanical properties of the fired specimens. The optimal ceramic composition was found to consist of 80% loam, 15% phosphorus slag, and 5% ground waste glass. The incorporation of these additives enhanced the sintering process, promoted the formation of a dense ceramic body, and improved the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Specimens fired at the optimum temperature of 1000 °C exhibited a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of utilizing local mineral resources and industrial by-products from the Zhambyl region for the production of wall ceramics, enabling the manufacture of high-quality ceramic materials with improved performance, reduced consumption of natural raw materials, and enhanced environmental sustainability of the production process.

The mathematical modeling of the dynamics of a two-layer shallow pipeline under the influence of transport load (the load created by an object moving along the pipeline) has been successfully resolved. The pipeline is represented as an extended circular cylindrical two-layer shell with a thin inner (bearing) layer and a thick outer (enclosing) layer situated in an elastic half-space. Dynamic equations of elasticity theory using Lamé potentials are utilized to describe the motion of the half-space and the enclosing layer of the shell. The vibrations of the bearing layer of the shell are described by the classical equations of the theory of shells. Numerical experiments have considered the case of a moving axisymmetric cylindrical normal load applied to a pipeline (without an enclosing layer and with an enclosing layer of varying thickness and material stiffness). It was demonstrated that if the material of the enclosing layer of the pipeline is more rigid than that of the rock mass, the dynamic effect of the moving load on the rock mass is reduced.