Precise, economical and sustainable cutting operations are highly desirable in the advanced manufacturing environment. For this aim, the present study investigated the influence of cutting parameters (i.e., the cutting speed (c), feed rate (f), depth of cut (d) and positive rake angle (p)) and sustainable cutting conditions (dry and minimum quantity lubricant (MQL)) on cutting forces (i.e., feed force (F_f), tangential forces (F_t), radial force (F_r) and resultant cutting forces (F_c) and shape deviations (i.e., circularity and cylindricity) of a 6026-T9 aluminum alloy. The type of lubricant and insert used are virgin olive oil and uncoated tungsten carbide tool. Turning experiments were performed on a TAKISAWA TC-1 CNC lathe machine and cutting forces were measured with the help of a Kistler 9257B dynamometer. Shape deviations were evaluated by means of a Tesa Micro-Hite 3D DCC 474 coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Experimental runs were planned based on Taguchi mixture orthogonal array design L16. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to study the statistical significance of cutting parameters. Taguchi based signal to noise (S/N) ratios are applied for optimization of single response, while for optimization of multiple responses Taguchi based signal to noise (S/N) ratios coupled with multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) and criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) are employed. ANOVA results revealed that feed rate, followed by a depth of cut, are the most influencing and contributing factors for all components of cutting forces (F_f, F_t, F_r, and F_c) and shape deviations (circularity and cylindricity). The optimized cutting parameters obtained for multi responses are c = 600 m/min, f = 0.1 mm/rev, d = 1 mm and p = 25°, while for cutting conditions, MQL is optimal.

Determining replenishment lot size and number of shipments in a traditional production setup has been of great interest among researchers during the last decades. In order to survive modern competition, the manufacturer has to make good decisions about the lot size that is to be shipped to the retailer. Recently, several researchers have developed mathematical models for modelling different real-world situations; however, these models are lacking due to a combination of imperfection in process and shipment lot sizing. Therefore, in the proposed research, shipment policy for an imperfect production setup has been developed with transportation costs taken into consideration. The model analyzed lot sizing for manufacturers and retailers with imperfections in terms of equally sized shipments. Furthermore, an all-unit-discount policy for shipment is considered in the proposed research, and at the end, numerical computation and sensitivity analyses are carried out to gain more insight into the specifications of the model.

Sn-Ag_3.0-Cu_0.5samples were initially prepared by melt mixing in induction furnace which were also re-melted and re-solidified. Afterwards, four Sn-Ag_3.0-Cu_0.5specimens were additionally heat treated at 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C respectively for limited time span of 6 h. The Sn-Ag_3.0-Cu_0.5specimens revealed 1.03, 1.10, 1.15 and 1.13 times improvement in hardness values relative to untreated or reference specimen. Similarly, ultimate tensile strength exhibited 1.08, 1.18, 1.25 and 1.21 correspondingly when compared with reference specimen. X-ray diffraction pattern further justified Sn-Ag_3.0-Cu_0.5alloy and negated appearance of any new phase after heat treatment. Average crystallite sizes were also reduced to 1.06, 1.10, 1.42 and 1.09 folds after heat treatment at 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C for 6 h. Similarly, both phases (β-Sn and intermetallic compounds) also evidenced decrement in their crystallite sizes in comparison to reference specimen. Moreover, resistivity also depicted increase of 1.13, 1.24, 1.32 and 1.25 times accordingly. Hence, our results show that the SAC-305 samples treated at 80 °C for 6 h may prove effective in countering electromigration problems by minimizing tensile strain gradients as well as current densities. Hence the SAC-305 specimen treated at 80 °C for 6 h may be recommended as potential candidate in solder applications.