This study investigates the use of the complex reductant FeAlSiCa as an alternative to the conventional FeSiCr in the EAF smelting of FeCr. The smelting process using FeAlSiCa is characterized by a stable furnace operation, active discharge of metal and slag, and effective phase separation. It was found that a 20% excess of FeAlSiCa over the stoichiometric requirement leads to a sharp increase in Si content in the FeCr alloy, with approximately 85% Cr recovery into the metal. A stoichiometric amount of FeAlSiCa results in a metal with 1.5–1.6% Si content and about 80% Cr recovery. A comparable Cr recovery using FeSiCr was achieved only when applying a 20% excess of that reductant. The use of FeAlSiCa also holds promise for technological sustainability due to its low production cost and the utilization of waste materials during its synthesis. The resulting slags are solid and rock-like and show no signs of disintegration after storage for more than 45 days.

The chemical analysis of humic acids and their activated forms based on brown coal from the Maikuben coal basin (Kazakhstan) was carried out. The humic aci

Copper–zinc lanthanum and calcium manganite LaCaCuZnMnO₆ was synthesized from oxides of lanthanum(III), copper(II), zinc(II), manganese(III), and calcium carbonate in the temperature range 1073–1473 K. Nanostructured particles were obtained by grinding the material in a vibratory mill. The heat capacity of the compound was studied in the range of 298.15–673 K on an IT-S-400 calorimeter. On dependence curve \(C_{p}^{\circ }\) ~ f(T) at 598 K, an anomalous jump in heat capacity was detected. The temperature dependences of the electrical resistance and relative permittivity were studied on an LCR-781 setup (Taiwan) at 293–483 K and at frequencies of 1, 5, and 10 kHz. A semiconductor character of the conductivity was established. At 483 K, an anomalously high value of the permittivity was revealed at all studied frequencies.

Titanium-manganites of LaLi₂TiMnO₆ and LaNa₂TiMnO₆ were synthesized by the methods of ceramic technology from the oxides of lanthanum, titanium (IV), manganese (III), and the carbonates of lithium and sodium. The types of their syngony and the parameters of their gratings were determined radiographically. The isobaric heat capacities of titanium-manganites were measured with experimental calorimetry in the range of 298.15–673 K. It was found that on the dependence curve of heat capacity versus temperature of C°_p~f(T), for LaLi₂TiMnO₆ at 348 K and 598 K, and LaNa₂TiMnO₆ at 348 K, there are abnormal jumps in heat capacity, probably related to phase transitions of the second kind. Taking into account the temperatures of the phase transitions, the equations of the temperature dependence of the heat capacity of titanium-manganites were derived. Their standard entropies were calculated by the ion increments method. Temperature dependences of the thermodynamic functions of S°(T), H°(T)-H°(298.15), and Φ^xx(T) were calculated using the experimental data on heat capacities and the calculated values of the standard entropies. The standard heat capacities of the studied compounds were calculated by the independent methods of ion increments and Debye, the values of which were in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. The standard enthalpy of the formation of LaLi₂TiMnO₆ and LaNa₂TiMnO₆ was calculated according to the methodology developed by the authors. The conducted electrophysical studies determined the nature of the second-order phase transition and the semiconductor features of their conductivity. Thus, all the above-mentioned data on the experimental and calculated studies of the temperature dependence of heat capacity, the thermodynamic functions to determine a standard enthalpy of formation of LaLi₂TiMnO₆ and LaNa₂TiMnO₆, and the investigation of their electrical properties are absolutely new, and they have no analogues.

The chemical analysis of a porous carbon material (PCM) from coal of the Maikube coal basin (Kazakhstan) was carried out in this work. The PCM was obtained