The purpose of the study was to design a device for the dissolution of fertilizers for agricultural use in an automatic and environmentally sustainable way to facilitate the work of farmers. To achieve this goal, an outdated blade design was used, which generates turbulent and laminar flows thanks to the angle of inclination of its blades. In tests, the combination of these two flows gave a better result compared to laminar and turbulent flows separately. The best results were achieved by varying the spin and speed, the time between spins, and the rest time. The time it would take to dissolve the mixture was drastically reduced if it were conducted in the traditional way (manually) or compared with commercial mixers. In conclusion, the technique used for the dissolution of agricultural minerals is more effective and reduces time, energy, and effort. This was able to reduce the time necessary to dissolve the fertilizer by 93 percent compared to doing it manually and by 66 percent compared to using commercial mixers, in a solution of 100 L of water per 100 kg of ammonium sulfate.

This research proposes a method for the detection of semantic similarities in text snippets; the method achieves an unsupervised extraction and comparison of semantic information by mimicking skills for the identification of clauses and possible verb conjugations, the selection of the most accurate organization of the parts of speech, and similarity analysis by a direct comparison on the parts of speech from a pair of text snippets. The method for the extraction of the parts of speech in each text exploits a knowledge base structured as a dictionary and a thesaurus to identify the possible labels of each word and its synonyms. The method consists of the processes of perception, debiasing, reasoning and assessment. The perception module decomposes the text into blocks of information focused on the elicitation of the parts of speech. The debiasing module reorganizes the blocks of information due to the biases that may be produced in the previous perception. The reasoning module finds the similarities between blocks from two texts through analyses of similarities on synonymy, morphological properties, and the relative position of similar concepts within the texts. The assessment generates a judgement on the output produced by the reasoning as the averaged similarity assessment obtained from the parts of speech similarities of blocks. The proposed method is implemented on an English language version to exploit a knowledge base in English for the extraction of the similarities and differences of texts. The system implements a set of syntactic and logical rules that enable the autonomous reasoning that uses a knowledge base regardless of the concepts and knowledge domains of the latter. A system developed with the proposed method is tested on the “test” dataset used on the SemEval 2017 competition on seven knowledge bases compiled from six dictionaries and two thesauruses. The results indicate that the performance of the method increases as the degree of completeness of concepts and their relations increase, and the Pearson correlation for the most accurate knowledge base is 77%.

This article presents the formal representation of the sale and purchase transaction process that occurs in electronic commerce (e-Commerce). E-Commerce is an area of study that has acquired a marked interest in recent times. A direct transaction between provider and consumer is analyzed with two variants of the resulting model that follows the criteria considered from a representation of conceptual maps. The conceptual map resembles a graph, with labels of concepts associated with the nodes and labels, of connectors between concepts, associated with the arcs. The description of the process, using conceptual maps, is accompanied by a narrative of events. Conceptual maps are used because they are a resource that facilitates the presentation of complex processes and gives way to their formalization. Formalizing a process is convenient because it enables its subsequent analysis, modification, improvement, control, and/or monitoring. The previous formal representation consists of a graph and a series of equations derived from the narrative sequence of the conceptual map.

In this work, an extension is made to the inference of the state of discrete event systems using knowledge about the duration of activities. The mentioned systems are characterized by the absence of sensors and where the activities have a variable duration. This causes the uncertainty about the state of the system to increase. The problem is addressed by calculating the fuzzy marking of the Fuzzy timed Petri Net (FTPN). In this formalism, fuzzy sets are associated with the places, which have information about the variation of the end of the activities. To keep this uncertainty limited, the location of a minimum set of sensors is studied and rules are established for their placement in order to keep limited the uncertainty in the approximation of the marking in Marked Graph structures and State Machines. In this situation, the estimation device obtains and updates a belief that approximates the condition of the system.

This work presents the essential elements that must be contained in marketing strategy oriented to virtual commerce, which is colloquially known as e-commerce. The presentation of the mentioned elements is done from a reflexing of some concepts that are formally showed. It is to say that the dissertation on the validity of the proposal is supported by mathematical approaches. Although the exhibition of this research is acceptable for all types of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME), it is focused on the characteristics and needs of the pottery industry. The elements of the proposed marketing strategy are aimed at maximizing the customers shopping experience. The essential questions addressed are 1) How to keep customers to contact with products? 2) How to make customers feel that they are served? 3) How to get buyers to remain as customers and attract more? 4) How can buyers help to improve e-commerce? 5) What is the trend of the marketing strategy for e-commerce?

This article presents the modeling of the purchase-sale transaction (pst) in electronic commerce (e-commerce) using different formalisms. E-commerce is an area of interest that is gaining rapid momentum in recent times because of the pandemic. In this work, the pst is a basic scheme that particularly excludes the participation of the intermediary that manages the reception and/or transfer of money. With the above, it is intended to minimize the number of actors involved in the pst to make relevant the contrast of the power representation of different formalisms to facilitate the analysis and make improvements. Firstly, conceptual maps are among formalisms that facilitates the exposition of complex processes. A next formalism is the coverage tree which allows to follow the flow of the pst in a clear way. The pst can be abstracted into a mathematical expression, however, it loses the power of visual scheme. The pseudocode is a way of representing computational processes that, in this case, allows modeling the pst also. Flowcharts are a tool associated with the development of programs that allow visually displaying the events of the pst.