The adhesion of dust particles on the surface of the dust collector tends to cause great resistance to the dust collector and affects the operating efficiency. In order to visualize particles in the filtration process and to grasp the mechanism of particle viscosity and sphericity on filtration performance, a numerical simulation study was conducted to investigate the deposition behavior of particles during filtration, employing FLUENT-EDEM coupling technology. By examining the deposition process, the role of particle characteristics on dust behavior within the entire filtration system was elucidated. The effects of varying particle surface energy and particle sphericity on filtration pressure drop and cake porosity were analyzed. The findings reveal that under the force of the air, particles on the surface of the filter membrane experience compaction, leading to a reduction in the porosity of the formed cake layer. The diminution of porosity serves to impede the air, consequently augmenting the pressure drop across the filtration system and hindering the operational efficacy of the dust collector. As the surface energy of the particles increases, the adhesive forces between particles are intensified, leading to an elevation in the porosity of the cake layer and a subsequent decrease in the pressure drop. When the surface energy of the particles is increased from 0.01 J/m² to 0.04 J/m², the porosity experiences a modest increase of only 9.1%, yet the pressure drop is significantly reduced by half, amounting to a decrease of 1594 Pa. Under high particle surface energy, as filtration air velocity increases, particles are compressed, resulting in a decrease in cake porosity and an increase in pressure drop. Concurrently, our findings indicate that as the sphericity of particles increases, their surfaces become increasingly smooth which in turn results in a decreased porosity of the cake layer and, consequently, an elevation in the filtration pressure drop.

For workplaces where the dust cakes have high viscosity, it is difficult to peel the dust cake from the surface of the dust filter cartridge. The problem of poor dust removal restricts the efficient and stable operation of the dust collector. This study proposes a diffuser nozzle to improve the pulsed-jet cleaning performance of cone filter cartridges. Through numerical modeling, the study investigates the improvement of pulsed-jet velocity and pressure by the diffuser nozzle, explores the influence of the diffuser angle (θ) and diffuser distance (D) on the jet field of the cone filter cartridge core, and compares the pulsed-jet intensity and uniformity of the dust removal filter cartridge. The findings show that the diffuser nozzle with appropriate parameters is conducive to enhancing the divergence and entrainment of the jet airflow, reducing the airflow velocity in the filter cartridge opening area and increasing the static pressure, while also increasing the airflow entrainment. The pulsed-jet intensity and uniformity, especially the pulsed-jet intensity in the upper part of the filter cartridge, vary significantly with θ or D, and the action mechanisms of θ or D are obtained. Under the recommended diffuser nozzle parameters (θ = 70° and D = 40 mm), the pulsed-jet intensity is 1086 Pa, which is 5.4% higher than that under the condition of the common round nozzle; the uniformity coefficient is 0.14, which is 60.0% better than that under the condition of the common round nozzle. For the upper part of the filter cartridge, the pulsed-jet intensity is 1.39 times that with the common nozzle. The result is significant as it offers a guide for improving the pulse-jet cleaning of dust removal filter cartridges.