This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in Collagen type 1 alpha-1 (COL1A1), Collagen type 3 alpha-1 (COL3A1), Collagen type 5 alpha-1 (COL5A1), and Collagen type 12 alpha-1 (COL12A1) genes and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in athletes. A systematic search was diligently conducted on the PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies on 5–9 September 2023. Only case–control studies were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 19 studies were reviewed, involving the analysis of 3522 cases and 6399 control subjects. Data relevant to the study objectives were extracted from these chosen studies and subsequently analyzed using either a random-effects or fixed-effects model. It indicates that individuals carrying the G allele in the COL1A1 (rs1107946) gene have a decreased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries (OR: −0.27, 95% CI: −0.42 to −0.12, p < 0.001). A similar relationship was observed in the dominant model, but this relationship was reversed in the recessive model (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.05, p < 0.001). However, no significant associations were found in the COL3A1 (rs1800255) and COL5A1 (rs12722) genes. In the COL12A1 (rs970547) gene, the A allele was associated with an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.36, p = 0.041). This meta-analysis suggests that genetic variants in COL1A1 (rs1107946) and COL12A1 (rs970547) may be associated with ACL injuries in athletes. However, COL3A1 rs1800255 and COL5A1 rs12722 gene variants do not appear to have a significant association with these injuries.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze allele and genotype pattern frequencies of five different gene polymorphisms associated with endurance athlete status. Endurance sports require prolonged physical performance, and it is well known that physiological and genetic characteristics play a prominent role in this performance. In recent years, research on the impact of genetic factors on endurance athlete status has been on the rise, suggesting that various gene polymorphisms may be associated with physical performance. Specifically, the gene polymorphisms, activin receptor type-1B (A9CVR1B) rs2854464, angiotensinogen (AGT) rs699, fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9939609, interleukin-6 (IL-6) rs1800795, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NRF2) rs12594956, are thought to be related to endurance athlete status. Each of these genes plays a part in different biological processes, such as muscle development, energy metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. For example, the NRF2 gene is a critical player in the regulation of cellular stress responses and may contribute to adaptive responses that enhance performance in endurance athletes. This meta-analysis included a total of 20 articles published between 2009 and 2023. The specific gene polymorphisms explored in this study, i.e., ACVR1B rs2854464, AGT rs699, FTO rs9939609, IL-6 rs1800795, and NRF2 rs12594956, were selected due to their reported associations with physical performance and endurance. A comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science and PubMed databases using specific keywords, preliminarily identifying 329 articles. Upon analysis of the abstracts, and full texts, 20 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Articles lacking control and endurance athlete groups or clear allele/genotype data were excluded. The findings indicated no significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies for ACVR1B, AGT, FTO, and IL-6 gene polymorphisms between endurance athletes and control groups. However, the NRF2 rs12594956 gene polymorphism showed a significantly higher frequency of the major allele (A) and the AA genotype in endurance athletes than in controls. In conclusion, the NRF2 rs12594956 polymorphism may be a genetic variant of interest in determining the status of endurance athletes. These findings highlight the potential clinical implications for genetic screening and personalized training programs in sport genetics. More extensive studies with larger cohorts are needed to further confirm these associations.

This study investigated the quadriceps muscle activity during eccentric squat exercises (ESE) with different decline angles and arcs of motion regarding the proper exercise selection for patellar tendinopathy management. Electromyographic activity of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) muscles was measured during ESE on 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20° decline in 20 recreationally active participants. The eccentric phase was divided into 0–30°, 30–60°, 60–90°, 0–60°, 30–90°, and 0–90° of knee flexion simultaneously via motion-analysis system. The analyses showed that there was a significant decline angle × arc interaction effect on electromyographic activity of all muscles during knee flexion movement. The main effect was found for the arc of motion of knee flexion, and the main effect for the decline angle also was present for each muscle, except for VMO. This study demonstrated that most selective quadriceps eccentric activation occurred during ESE performed on 20° decline throughout 60–90° of knee flexion.

Background and Study Aim. The aerobic fitness in soccer is an important performance component. The aerobic endurance level of players may positively effect performance of critical match activities. The examination of Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT) performance of young soccer players at different playing positions was aimed in this study. Material and Methods. The research group was consisted of 75 young soccer players playing at U-21 category of professional soccer teams at different leagues. The soccer players at 5 different playing positions participated in study voluntarily (centerback: n=15, fullback: midfielder: n=15, winger: n=15, forward: n=15). The YYIRT (level 1) was performed for determination aerobic endurance parameters (covered distance during test, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) of players. The one-way ANOVA analysis was used for comparison between playing positions of YYIRT parameters. Results. It was determined that difference between YYIRT parameters of players at different playing positions was non-significant (p>0.05). However, the midfielders covered more distance (2425,33±440,42 m) than forward (2146,67±339,64 m), winger (2137,33±615,18 m), fullback (2056,00±512,43 m) and centerback (1960,00±313,51 m) players. The positional requirements of midfielders may be decisive on covered distance during YYIRT. Conclusions. Consequently, it may be said that the young soccer players at different playing positions had similar YYIRT performance and the playing position effect on YYIRT performance could vary depending on league level and individual features of players. Предпосылки и цель исследования. Аэробика в футболе - важная составляющая эффективности. Уровень аэробной выносливости игроков может положительно влиять на эффективность критических матчей. Целью данного исследования было изучение эффективности юношей-футболистов на разных игровых позициях в тесте прерывистого восстановления Yo-Yo (YYIRT).Материал и методы. Исследовательская группа состояла из 75 юных футболистов, играющих в профессиональных футбольных командах U-21 в разных лигах. Футболисты на 5 различных игровых позициях принимали участие в обучении добровольно (центральный защитник: n = 15, защитник: полузащитник: n = 15, нападающий: n = 15, форвард: n = 15). YYIRT (уровень 1) был выполнен для определения параметров аэробной выносливости (пройденное расстояние во время теста, максимальное поглощение кислорода (VO2max) и максимальная аэробная скорость (MAS) игроков. Односторонний анализ ANOVA использовался для сравнения параметров игровых позиций YYIRT.Результаты. Было установлено, что разница между параметрами YYIRT игроков на разных игровых позициях была несущественной (p> 0,05). Однако полузащитники преодолели большую дистанцию ​​(2425,33 ± 440,42 м), чем форварды (2146,67 ± 339,64 м), нападающие (2137,33 ± 615,18 м), защитники (2056,00 ± 512 м). 43 м) и центральные защитники (1960,00 ± 313,51 м) . Позиционные требования полузащитников могут быть решающими на пройденном расстоянии во время YYIRT.Выводы. Следовательно, можно сказать, что молодые футболисты на разных игровых позициях имели одинаковые показатели YYIRT, и влияние игровых позиций на показатели YYIRT может варьироваться в зависимости от уровня лиги и индивидуальных особенностей игроков. Передумови та мета дослідження. Аеробіка в футболі - важлива складова ефективності. Рівень аеробної витривалості гравців може позитивно впливати на ефективність критичних матчів. Метою даного дослідження було вивчення ефективності юнаків-футболістів на різних ігрових позиціях в тесті переривчастого відновлення Yo-Yo (YYIRT).Матеріал і методи. Дослідницька група складалася з 75 юних футболістів, які грають у професійних футбольних командах U-21 в різних лігах. Футболісти на 5 різних ігрових позиціях брали участь в навчанні добровільно (центральний захисник: n = 15, захисник: півзахисник: n = 15, нарадник: n = 15, форвард: n = 15). YYIRT (рівень 1) був виконаний для визначення параметрів аеробної витривалості (пройдену відстань під час тесту, максимальне поглинання кисню...

Bu çalışmanın amacı, amatör futbol oyuncularının anaerobik güç ve ivmelenme parametrelerinin bazı fiziksel özelliklere göre incelenmesidir. Bölgesel amatör ligde futbol oynayan 17 amatör futbol oyuncusu araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katıldı (n=17, yaş=24,82±4,63 yıl, vücut ağırlığı=74,26±9,07 kg., boy uzunluğu=176,51±6,35 cm., vücut kitle indeksi=23,75±1,56 kg/m2). Oyuncuların vücut kompozisyonu parametreleri (vücut ağırlığı (kg.), vücut yağ yüzdesi (%), yağsız vücut kitlesi (kg.), kas kitlesi (kg.) ve vücut kitle indeksi (kg./m2)) biyoimpedans analizi yöntemiyle belirlendi. Anaerobik güç parametrelerini (maksimum, minimum ve zirve güç (watt/kg.), zirve güce ulaşılan süre (sn.), yorgunluk indeksi (%)) belirlemek için Wingate anaerobik güç testi uygulandı. İvmelenme parametreleri (0-5, 0-10, 0-15 ve 0-20 m. ivmelenme parametreleri) 20 metre sprint testi ile ölçüldü. Vücut kompozisyonu ile anaerobik güç ve ivmelenme parametreleri arasındaki ilişkiler Pearson korelasyon katsayısı ile incelendi. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, boy uzunluğu ile 0-5 ve 0-10 m. sprint koşusunun süreleri arasında orta düzeyde pozitif, sprint hızları ve ivmelenme değerleri arasında orta düzeyde, negatif ve anlamlı ilişki olduğu belirlendi (p