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Sophie Pascal-Lorber
Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, 31027 Toulouse, France

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Journal article
Published: 17 December 2020 in Journal of Fungi
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Diversity of species within Aspergillus niger clade, currently represented by A. niger sensu stricto and A. welwitshiae, was investigated combining three-locus gene sequences, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA, secondary metabolites profile and morphology. Firstly, approximately 700 accessions belonging to this clade were investigated using calmodulin gene sequences. Based on these sequences, eight haplotypes were clearly identified as A. niger (n = 247) and 17 as A. welwitschiae (n = 403). However, calmodulin sequences did not provide definitive species identities for six haplotypes. To elucidate the taxonomic position of these haplotypes, two other loci, part of the beta-tubulin gene and part of the RNA polymerase II gene, were sequenced and used to perform an analysis of Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition. This analysis enabled the recognition of two new phylogenetic species. One of the new phylogenetic species showed morphological and chemical distinguishable features in comparison to the known species A. welwitschiae and A. niger. This species is illustrated and described as Aspergillus vinaceus sp. nov. In contrast to A. niger and A. welwitschiae, A. vinaceus strains produced asperazine, but none of them were found to produce ochratoxin A and/or fumonisins. Sclerotium production on laboratory media, which does not occur in strains of A. niger and A. welwitschiae, and strictly sclerotium-associated secondary metabolites (14-Epi-hydroxy-10,23-dihydro-24,25-dehydroaflavinine; 10,23-Dihydro-24,25-dehydroaflavinine; 10,23-Dihydro-24,25-dehydro-21-oxo-aflavinine) were found in A. vinaceus. The strain type of A. vinaceus sp. nov. is ITAL 47,456 (T) (=IBT 35556).

ACS Style

Josué J. Da Silva; Beatriz T. Iamanaka; Larissa S. Ferranti; Fernanda P. Massi; Marta H. Taniwaki; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber; Jens C. Frisvad; Maria Helena P. Fungaro. Diversity within Aspergillus niger Clade and Description of a New Species: Aspergillus vinaceus sp. nov. Journal of Fungi 2020, 6, 371 .

AMA Style

Josué J. Da Silva, Beatriz T. Iamanaka, Larissa S. Ferranti, Fernanda P. Massi, Marta H. Taniwaki, Olivier Puel, Sophie Lorber, Jens C. Frisvad, Maria Helena P. Fungaro. Diversity within Aspergillus niger Clade and Description of a New Species: Aspergillus vinaceus sp. nov. Journal of Fungi. 2020; 6 (4):371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Josué J. Da Silva; Beatriz T. Iamanaka; Larissa S. Ferranti; Fernanda P. Massi; Marta H. Taniwaki; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber; Jens C. Frisvad; Maria Helena P. Fungaro. 2020. "Diversity within Aspergillus niger Clade and Description of a New Species: Aspergillus vinaceus sp. nov." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4: 371.

Review
Published: 12 December 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Penicillium, one of the most common fungi occurring in a diverse range of habitats, has a worldwide distribution and a large economic impact on human health. Hundreds of the species belonging to this genus cause disastrous decay in food crops and are able to produce a varied range of secondary metabolites, from which we can distinguish harmful mycotoxins. Some Penicillium species are considered to be important producers of patulin and ochratoxin A, two well-known mycotoxins. The production of these mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites is controlled and regulated by different mechanisms. The aim of this review is to highlight the different levels of regulation of secondary metabolites in the Penicillium genus.

ACS Style

Christelle El Hajj Assaf; Chrystian Zetina-Serrano; Nadia Tahtah; André El Khoury; Ali Atoui; Isabelle P. Oswald; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber. Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in the Penicillium Genus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 9462 .

AMA Style

Christelle El Hajj Assaf, Chrystian Zetina-Serrano, Nadia Tahtah, André El Khoury, Ali Atoui, Isabelle P. Oswald, Olivier Puel, Sophie Lorber. Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in the Penicillium Genus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (24):9462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christelle El Hajj Assaf; Chrystian Zetina-Serrano; Nadia Tahtah; André El Khoury; Ali Atoui; Isabelle P. Oswald; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber. 2020. "Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in the Penicillium Genus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24: 9462.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Dissemination and survival of ascomycetes is through asexual spores. The brlA gene encodes a C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor, which is essential for asexual development. Penicillium expansum causes blue mold disease and is the main source of patulin, a mycotoxin that contaminates apple-based food. A P. expansum PeΔbrlA deficient strain was generated by homologous recombination. In vivo, suppression of brlA completely blocked the development of conidiophores that takes place after the formation of coremia/synnemata, a required step for the perforation of the apple epicarp. Metabolome analysis displayed that patulin production was enhanced by brlA suppression, explaining a higher in vivo aggressiveness compared to the wild type (WT) strain. No patulin was detected in the synnemata, suggesting that patulin biosynthesis stopped when the fungus exited the apple. In vitro transcriptome analysis of PeΔbrlA unveiled an up-regulated biosynthetic gene cluster (PEXP_073960-PEXP_074060) that shares high similarity with the chaetoglobosin gene cluster of Chaetomium globosum. Metabolome analysis of PeΔbrlA confirmed these observations by unveiling a greater diversity of chaetoglobosin derivatives. We observed that chaetoglobosins A and C were found only in the synnemata, located outside of the apple, whereas other chaetoglobosins were detected in apple flesh, suggesting a spatial-temporal organization of the chaetoglobosin biosynthesis pathway.

ACS Style

Chrystian Zetina-Serrano; Ophélie Rocher; Claire Naylies; Yannick Lippi; Isabelle P. Oswald; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel. The brlA Gene Deletion Reveals That Patulin Biosynthesis Is Not Related to Conidiation in Penicillium Expansum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 6660 .

AMA Style

Chrystian Zetina-Serrano, Ophélie Rocher, Claire Naylies, Yannick Lippi, Isabelle P. Oswald, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel. The brlA Gene Deletion Reveals That Patulin Biosynthesis Is Not Related to Conidiation in Penicillium Expansum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (18):6660.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chrystian Zetina-Serrano; Ophélie Rocher; Claire Naylies; Yannick Lippi; Isabelle P. Oswald; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel. 2020. "The brlA Gene Deletion Reveals That Patulin Biosynthesis Is Not Related to Conidiation in Penicillium Expansum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18: 6660.

Review
Published: 28 February 2020 in Toxins
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The study of fungal species evolved radically with the development of molecular techniques and produced new evidence to understand specific fungal mechanisms such as the production of toxic secondary metabolites. Taking advantage of these technologies to improve food safety, the molecular study of toxinogenic species can help elucidate the mechanisms underlying toxin production and enable the development of new effective strategies to control fungal toxicity. Numerous studies have been made on genes involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production, one of the most hazardous carcinogenic toxins for humans and animals. The current review presents the roles of these different genes and their possible impact on AFB1 production. We focus on the toxinogenic strains Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, primary contaminants and major producers of AFB1 in crops. However, genetic reports on A. nidulans are also included because of the capacity of this fungus to produce sterigmatocystin, the penultimate stable metabolite during AFB1 production. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the AFB1 enzymatic biosynthesis pathway and its link with the genes belonging to the AFB1 cluster. It also aims to illustrate the role of global environmental factors on aflatoxin production and the recent data that demonstrate an interconnection between genes regulated by these environmental signals and aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway.

ACS Style

Isaura Caceres; Anthony Al Khoury; Rhoda El Khoury; Sophie Lorber; Isabelle P. Oswald; André El Khoury; Ali Atoui; Olivier Puel; Jean-Denis Bailly. Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Genetic Regulation: A Review. Toxins 2020, 12, 150 .

AMA Style

Isaura Caceres, Anthony Al Khoury, Rhoda El Khoury, Sophie Lorber, Isabelle P. Oswald, André El Khoury, Ali Atoui, Olivier Puel, Jean-Denis Bailly. Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Genetic Regulation: A Review. Toxins. 2020; 12 (3):150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isaura Caceres; Anthony Al Khoury; Rhoda El Khoury; Sophie Lorber; Isabelle P. Oswald; André El Khoury; Ali Atoui; Olivier Puel; Jean-Denis Bailly. 2020. "Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Genetic Regulation: A Review." Toxins 12, no. 3: 150.

Evaluation study
Published: 22 August 2019 in Food Microbiology
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Filamentous fungi are one of the main causes of food losses worldwide and their ability to produce mycotoxins represents a hazard for human health. Their correct and rapid identification is thus crucial to manage food safety. In recent years, MALDI-TOF emerged as a rapid and reliable tool for fungi identification and was applied to typing of bacteria and yeasts, but few studies focused on filamentous fungal species complex differentiation and typing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of MALDI-TOF to identify species of the Aspergillus section Flavi, and to differentiate Penicillium roqueforti isolates from three distinct genetic populations. Spectra were acquired from 23 Aspergillus species and integrated into a database for which cross-validation led to more than 99% of correctly attributed spectra. For P. roqueforti, spectra were acquired from 63 strains and a two-step calibration procedure was applied before database construction. Cross-validation and external validation respectively led to 94% and 95% of spectra attributed to the right population. Results obtained here suggested very good agreement between spectral and genetic data analysis for both Aspergillus species and P. roqueforti, demonstrating MALDI-TOF applicability as a fast and easy alternative to molecular techniques for species complex differentiation and strain typing of filamentous fungi.

ACS Style

Laura Quéro; Priscillia Courault; Beatrice Cellière; Sophie Lorber; Jean-Luc Jany; Olivier Puel; Victoria Girard; Valérie Vasseur; Patrice Nodet; Jérôme Mounier. Application of MALDI-TOF MS to species complex differentiation and strain typing of food related fungi: Case studies with Aspergillus section Flavi species and Penicillium roqueforti isolates. Food Microbiology 2019, 86, 103311 .

AMA Style

Laura Quéro, Priscillia Courault, Beatrice Cellière, Sophie Lorber, Jean-Luc Jany, Olivier Puel, Victoria Girard, Valérie Vasseur, Patrice Nodet, Jérôme Mounier. Application of MALDI-TOF MS to species complex differentiation and strain typing of food related fungi: Case studies with Aspergillus section Flavi species and Penicillium roqueforti isolates. Food Microbiology. 2019; 86 ():103311.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Quéro; Priscillia Courault; Beatrice Cellière; Sophie Lorber; Jean-Luc Jany; Olivier Puel; Victoria Girard; Valérie Vasseur; Patrice Nodet; Jérôme Mounier. 2019. "Application of MALDI-TOF MS to species complex differentiation and strain typing of food related fungi: Case studies with Aspergillus section Flavi species and Penicillium roqueforti isolates." Food Microbiology 86, no. : 103311.

Journal article
Published: 27 March 2019 in Scientific Reports
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Spices are used extensively in Lebanon not only to flavour foods but also for their medicinal properties. To date, no data are available regarding the nature of the toxigenic fungal species that may contaminate these products at the marketing stage in this country. Eighty samples corresponding to 14 different types of spices were collected throughout Lebanon to characterize the Aspergillus section Flavi contaminating spices marketed in Lebanon and the toxigenic potential of these fungal species. Most fungal genera and species were identified as belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi. Aspergillus flavus was the most frequent species, representing almost 80% of the isolates. Although identified as A. flavus by molecular analysis, some strains displayed atypical morphological features. Seven strains of A. tamarii and one A. minisclerotigenes were also isolated. Analyses of toxigenic potential demonstrated that almost 80% of strains were able to produce mycotoxins, 47% produced aflatoxins, and 72% produced cyclopiazonic acid, alone or in combination with aflatoxins.

ACS Style

Joya Makhlouf; Amaranta Carvajal-Campos; Arlette Querin; Soraya Tadrist; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber; Isabelle P. Oswald; Monzer Hamze; Jean-Denis Bailly; Sylviane Bailly. Morphologic, molecular and metabolic characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi in spices marketed in Lebanon. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 5263 .

AMA Style

Joya Makhlouf, Amaranta Carvajal-Campos, Arlette Querin, Soraya Tadrist, Olivier Puel, Sophie Lorber, Isabelle P. Oswald, Monzer Hamze, Jean-Denis Bailly, Sylviane Bailly. Morphologic, molecular and metabolic characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi in spices marketed in Lebanon. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):5263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joya Makhlouf; Amaranta Carvajal-Campos; Arlette Querin; Soraya Tadrist; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber; Isabelle P. Oswald; Monzer Hamze; Jean-Denis Bailly; Sylviane Bailly. 2019. "Morphologic, molecular and metabolic characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi in spices marketed in Lebanon." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 5263.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2018 in Toxins
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Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus section Flavi during their development, particularly in maize. It is widely accepted that AFB1 is a major contaminant in regions where hot climate conditions favor the development of aflatoxigenic species. Global warming could lead to the appearance of AFs in maize produced in Europe. This was the case in 2015, in France, when the exceptionally hot and dry climatic conditions were favorable for AF production. Our survey revealed AF contamination of 6% (n = 114) of maize field samples and of 15% (n = 81) of maize silo samples analyzed. To understand the origin of the contamination, we characterized the mycoflora in contaminated samples and in samples produced in the same geographic and climatic conditions but with no AFs. A special focus was placed on Aspergillus section Flavi. A total of 67 strains of Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated from the samples. As expected, the strains were observed in all AF+ samples and, remarkably, also in almost 40% of AF− samples, demonstrating the presence of these potent toxin producers in fields in France. A. flavus was the most frequent species of the section Flavi (69% of the strains). But surprisingly, A. parasiticus was also a frequent contaminant (28% of the strains), mostly isolated from AF+ samples. This finding is in agreement with the presence of AFG in most of those samples.

ACS Style

Sylviane Bailly; Anwar El Mahgubi; Amaranta Carvajal-Campos; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel; Isabelle P. Oswald; Jean-Denis Bailly; Béatrice Orlando. Occurrence and Identification of Aspergillus Section Flavi in the Context of the Emergence of Aflatoxins in French Maize. Toxins 2018, 10, 525 .

AMA Style

Sylviane Bailly, Anwar El Mahgubi, Amaranta Carvajal-Campos, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel, Isabelle P. Oswald, Jean-Denis Bailly, Béatrice Orlando. Occurrence and Identification of Aspergillus Section Flavi in the Context of the Emergence of Aflatoxins in French Maize. Toxins. 2018; 10 (12):525.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sylviane Bailly; Anwar El Mahgubi; Amaranta Carvajal-Campos; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel; Isabelle P. Oswald; Jean-Denis Bailly; Béatrice Orlando. 2018. "Occurrence and Identification of Aspergillus Section Flavi in the Context of the Emergence of Aflatoxins in French Maize." Toxins 10, no. 12: 525.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Because of its high persistence in soils, t1/2 = 30 years, chlordecone (CLD) was classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) by the Stockholm Convention in 2009.The distribution of CLD over time has been heterogeneous, ranging from banana plantations to watersheds, and contaminating all environmental compartments. The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the potential of Miscanthus species to extract chlordecone from contaminated soils, (ii) identify the growth parameters that influence the transfer of CLD from the soil to aboveground plant parts. CLD uptake was investigated in two species of Miscanthus, C4 plants adapted to tropical climates. M. sinensis and M. × giganteus were transplanted in a soil spiked with [14C]CLD at environmental concentrations (1 mg kg− 1) under controlled conditions. Root-shoot transfer of CLD was compared in the two species after two growing periods (2 then 6 months) after transplantation. CLD was found in all plant organs, roots, rhizomes, stems, leaves, and even flower spikes. The highest concentration of CLD was in the roots, 5398 ± 1636 (M. × giganteus) and 14842 ± 3210 ng g− 1 DW (M. sinensis), whereas the concentration in shoots was lower, 152 ± 28 (M. × giganteus) and 266 ± 70 ng g− 1 DW (M. sinensis) in soil contaminated at 1 mg kg− 1. CLD translocation led to an acropetal gradient from the bottom to the top of the plants. CLD concentrations were also monitored over two complete growing periods (10 months) in M. sinensis grown in 8.05 mg kg− 1 CLD contaminated soils. Concentrations decreased in M. sinensis shoots after the second growth period due to the increase in organic matters in the vicinity of the roots. Results showed that, owing to their respective biomass production, the two species were equally efficient at phytoextraction of CLD.

ACS Style

Yohan Liber; Clarisse Létondor; Sophie Lorber; François Laurent. Growth parameters influencing uptake of chlordecone by Miscanthus species. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 624, 831 -837.

AMA Style

Yohan Liber, Clarisse Létondor, Sophie Lorber, François Laurent. Growth parameters influencing uptake of chlordecone by Miscanthus species. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 624 ():831-837.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yohan Liber; Clarisse Létondor; Sophie Lorber; François Laurent. 2018. "Growth parameters influencing uptake of chlordecone by Miscanthus species." Science of The Total Environment 624, no. : 831-837.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2018 in Molecular Plant Pathology
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Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of the blue mold disease, produces the mycotoxins patulin and citrinin among other secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolism is associated with fungal development, which responds to numerous biotic and abiotic external triggers. The global transcription factor VeA plays a key role in the coordination of secondary metabolism and differentiation processes in many fungal species. The specific role of VeA in P. expansum remains unknown. A null mutant PeΔveA strain and a complemented PeΔveA:veA strain were generated in P. expansum and their pathogenicity on apples was studied. Like the wild-type and the complemented strains, the null mutant PeΔveA strain was still able to sporulate and to colonize apples, but at a lower rate. However, it could not form coremia either in vitro or in vivo thus limiting its dissemination from natural substrates. The impact of veA on the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the production of patulin, citrinin and other secondary metabolites was evaluated. Disruption of veA drastically reduced the production of patulin and citrinin on synthetic media, associated with marked down-regulation of all genes involved in the biosynthesis of the two mycotoxins. The null mutant PeΔveA strain was not able to produce patulin on apples either. Analysis of gene expression evidenced a global impact on secondary metabolism, as 15 of 35 backbone genes showed differential regulation on two different media. These findings support the hypothesis that VeA contributes to the pathogenicity of P. expansum and modulates its secondary metabolism. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Christelle El Hajj Assaf; Selma Snini; Souria Tadrist; Sylviane Bailly; Claire Naylies; Isabelle P. Oswald; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel. Impact ofveAon the development, aggressiveness, dissemination and secondary metabolism ofPenicillium expansum. Molecular Plant Pathology 2018, 19, 1971 -1983.

AMA Style

Christelle El Hajj Assaf, Selma Snini, Souria Tadrist, Sylviane Bailly, Claire Naylies, Isabelle P. Oswald, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel. Impact ofveAon the development, aggressiveness, dissemination and secondary metabolism ofPenicillium expansum. Molecular Plant Pathology. 2018; 19 (8):1971-1983.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christelle El Hajj Assaf; Selma Snini; Souria Tadrist; Sylviane Bailly; Claire Naylies; Isabelle P. Oswald; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel. 2018. "Impact ofveAon the development, aggressiveness, dissemination and secondary metabolism ofPenicillium expansum." Molecular Plant Pathology 19, no. 8: 1971-1983.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2017 in Toxins
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Several strains of a new aflatoxigenic species of Aspergillus, A. korhogoensis, were isolated in the course of a screening study involving species from section Flavi found contaminating peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) and peanut paste in the Côte d’Ivoire. Based on examination of four isolates, this new species is described using a polyphasic approach. A concatenated alignment comprised of nine genes (ITS, benA, cmdA, mcm7, amdS, rpb1, preB, ppgA, and preA) was subjected to phylogenetic analysis, and resulted in all four strains being inferred as a distinct clade. Characterization of mating type for each strain revealed A. korhogoensis as a heterothallic species, since three isolates exhibited a singular MAT1-1 locus and one isolate exhibited a singular MAT1-2 locus. Morphological and physiological characterizations were also performed based on their growth on various types of media. Their respective extrolite profiles were characterized using LC/HRMS, and showed that this new species is capable of producing B- and G-aflatoxins, aspergillic acid, cyclopiazonic acid, aflavarins, and asparasones, as well as other metabolites. Altogether, our results confirm the monophyly of A. korhogoensis, and strengthen its position in the A. flavus clade, as the sister taxon of A. parvisclerotigenus.

ACS Style

Amaranta Carvajal-Campos; Ama Lethicia Manizan; Souria Tadrist; David Koffi Akaki; Rose Koffi-Nevry; Geromy G. Moore; Stephen O. Fapohunda; Sylviane Bailly; Didier Montet; Isabelle P. Oswald; Sophie Lorber; Catherine Brabet; Olivier Puel. Aspergillus korhogoensis, a Novel Aflatoxin Producing Species from the Côte d’Ivoire. Toxins 2017, 9, 353 .

AMA Style

Amaranta Carvajal-Campos, Ama Lethicia Manizan, Souria Tadrist, David Koffi Akaki, Rose Koffi-Nevry, Geromy G. Moore, Stephen O. Fapohunda, Sylviane Bailly, Didier Montet, Isabelle P. Oswald, Sophie Lorber, Catherine Brabet, Olivier Puel. Aspergillus korhogoensis, a Novel Aflatoxin Producing Species from the Côte d’Ivoire. Toxins. 2017; 9 (11):353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amaranta Carvajal-Campos; Ama Lethicia Manizan; Souria Tadrist; David Koffi Akaki; Rose Koffi-Nevry; Geromy G. Moore; Stephen O. Fapohunda; Sylviane Bailly; Didier Montet; Isabelle P. Oswald; Sophie Lorber; Catherine Brabet; Olivier Puel. 2017. "Aspergillus korhogoensis, a Novel Aflatoxin Producing Species from the Côte d’Ivoire." Toxins 9, no. 11: 353.

Research article
Published: 06 January 2016 in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Chlordecone (CLD) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that was mainly used as an insecticide against banana weevils in the French West Indies (1972–1993). Transfer of CLD via the food chain is now the major mechanism for exposure of the population to CLD. The uptake and the transfer of CLD were investigated in shoots of maize, a C4 model plant growing under tropical climates, to estimate the exposure of livestock via feed. Maize plants were grown on soils contaminated with [14C]CLD under controlled conditions. The greatest part of the radioactivity was associated with roots, nearly 95%, but CLD was detected in whole shoots, concentrations in old leaves being higher than those in young ones. CLD was thus transferred from the base toward the plant top, forming an acropetal gradient of contaminant. In contrast, results evidenced the existence of a basipetal gradient of CLD concentration within leaves whose extremities accumulated larger amounts of CLD because of evapotranspiration localization. Extractable residues accounted for two-thirds of total residues both in roots and in shoots. This study highlighted the fact that the distribution of CLD contamination within grasses resulted from a conjunction between the age and evapotranspiration rate of tissues. CLD accumulation in fodder may be the main route of exposure for livestock.

ACS Style

Sophie Pascal-Lorber; Clarisse Létondor; Yohan Liber; Emilien L. Jamin; François Laurent. Chlordecone Transfer and Distribution in Maize Shoots. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2016, 64, 409 -415.

AMA Style

Sophie Pascal-Lorber, Clarisse Létondor, Yohan Liber, Emilien L. Jamin, François Laurent. Chlordecone Transfer and Distribution in Maize Shoots. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2016; 64 (2):409-415.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sophie Pascal-Lorber; Clarisse Létondor; Yohan Liber; Emilien L. Jamin; François Laurent. 2016. "Chlordecone Transfer and Distribution in Maize Shoots." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64, no. 2: 409-415.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Chemosphere
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Chlordecone (CLD) was an organochlorine insecticide mainly used to struggle against banana weevils in the French West Indies. Forbidden since 1993, it has been a long-term contaminant of soils and aquatic environments. Crops growing in contaminated soils lead to human exposure by food consumption. We used radiolabeled [(14)C]-CLD to investigate the contamination ways into radish, a model of edible roots. Radish plants were able to accumulate CLD in both roots (RCF35d 647) and tubers (edible parts, CF35d 6.3). CLD was also translocated to leaves (CF35d 1.7). The contamination of tuber was mainly due to peridermic adsorption or CLD systemic translocation to the pith. TSCF was 3.44×10(-)(3). CLD diffused across periderm to internal tissues. We calculated a mean flux of diffusion J through periderm about 5.71×10(-)(14)gcm(-)(2)s(-)(1). We highlighted different contamination routes of the tuber, (i) adsorption on periderm followed by diffusion of CLD towards underlying tissues, cortex, xylem, and pith (ii) adsorption by roots and translocation by the transpiration stream followed by diffusion from xylem vessels towards inner tissues, pith, and peripheral tissues, cortex and periderm. Concerning chemical risk assessment for other tubers, contamination would depend on various parameters, the thickness of periderm and CLD periderm permeance, the origin of secondary tissues - from cortex and/or pith - , the importance of xylem flow in tuber, and the lipid amount within tuber.

ACS Style

Clarisse Létondor; Sophie Pascal-Lorber; François Laurent. Uptake and distribution of chlordecone in radish: Different contamination routes in edible roots. Chemosphere 2015, 118, 20 -28.

AMA Style

Clarisse Létondor, Sophie Pascal-Lorber, François Laurent. Uptake and distribution of chlordecone in radish: Different contamination routes in edible roots. Chemosphere. 2015; 118 ():20-28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clarisse Létondor; Sophie Pascal-Lorber; François Laurent. 2015. "Uptake and distribution of chlordecone in radish: Different contamination routes in edible roots." Chemosphere 118, no. : 20-28.

Research article
Published: 08 February 2012 in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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This study compared the metabolic fate of [14C]-DCP, [14C]-residues from radish plants, and purified [14C]-DCP-(acetyl)glucose following oral administration in rats. A rapid excretion of radioactivity in urine occurred for [14C]-DCP, [14C]-DCP-(acetyl)glucose, and soluble residues, 69, 85, and 69% within 48 h, respectively. Radio-HPLC profiles of 0–24 h urine from rats fed [14C]-DCP and [14C]-DCP-(acetyl)glucose were close and qualitatively similar to those obtained from plant residues. No trace of native plant residues was detected under the study conditions. The structures of the two major peaks were identified by MS as the glucuronide and the sulfate conjugates of DCP. The characterization of a dehydrated glucuronide conjugate by MS and NMR of DCP was unusual. In contrast to soluble residues, bound residues were mainly excreted in feces, 90% within 48 h, whereas total residues were eliminated in both urine and feces. For total residues, the radioactivity in feces was higher than expected from the percentage of soluble and bound residues in radish plants. This result highlighted that less absorption took place when residues were present in the plant matrix as compared to plant-free residues and DCP.

ACS Style

Sophie Pascal-Lorber; Sabrina Despoux; Emilien L. Jamin; Cécile Canlet; Jean-Pierre Cravedi; François Laurent. Metabolic Fate of 2,4-Dichlorophenol and Related Plant Residues in Rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012, 60, 1728 -1736.

AMA Style

Sophie Pascal-Lorber, Sabrina Despoux, Emilien L. Jamin, Cécile Canlet, Jean-Pierre Cravedi, François Laurent. Metabolic Fate of 2,4-Dichlorophenol and Related Plant Residues in Rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2012; 60 (7):1728-1736.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sophie Pascal-Lorber; Sabrina Despoux; Emilien L. Jamin; Cécile Canlet; Jean-Pierre Cravedi; François Laurent. 2012. "Metabolic Fate of 2,4-Dichlorophenol and Related Plant Residues in Rats." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60, no. 7: 1728-1736.

Book chapter
Published: 02 December 2010 in Alternative Farming Systems, Biotechnology, Drought Stress and Ecological Fertilisation
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Since 1940 the use of synthetic pesticides has led to considerable progress in agriculture and human health. In particular synthetic pesticides were used to protect crops and to fight against disease vectors. As a result it has been possible to feed most of the world population by increasing yields. Beside the beneficial effects for farmers by making their work easier and reducing harvest losses; and benefial effects for humanity by providing abundant food with improved sanitary quality, the intensive use of pesticides has given rise to serious health issues. Indeed pesticides can be very toxic and are responsible of farming diseases such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, with the increase of their efficiency and their selectivity, pesticides become also more and more expensive for farmers. However, in developed countries, there is a rapid change from subsistence farming to intensive farming, which is able to feed more people. In the past the regulatory framework for pesticide use was less restricting and this led to cases of abuse. In addition, our societies were less aware of the risks of pesticide use for the environment. A major issue is the persistence of pesticides in soils and waters. Indeed pesticides are biocides. Their lack of selectivity could lead to an important risk for living organisms and humans by contamination of drinking water and food. The presence of these biocides or their metabolites in soil, water, plants and even the atmosphere, together with their potential pharmacodynamic properties, can have harmful effects on the environment and on human health. In countries belonging to the European Union, regulations aim to reduce risks at the lowest level, but it is not the case everywhere. Some problems should now be overcome. Phytoremediation can reduce pollution and decrease the impact of pesticides on the environment. Two examples of substances are discussed in this review to illustrate the risk for the environment and remediation by plants to reduce it. First, the review focused on 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT),an organochlorine insecticide used with a large success against human disease vectors or in crop protection against some coleopterans such as potato beetles. Its intensive use had contaminated huge areas in the world. Now, it is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), due to its too slow degradation. Plants and associated microorganisms can degrade DDT but metabolites, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylen (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethan (DDD) are of identical persistence. The uptake by plants is very weak, and plant use could not resolve the DDT pollution. The second example is atrazine, an herbicide of the s-triazine group. It was largely used in crops such as maize. Now, atrazine and some metabolites are mainly pollutants of hydraulic networks. It is suspected to be an endocrine disruptor. Plants can help to reduce atrazine pollution by accelerating its microbial degradation but some degradative compounds, deethylatrazine (DEA) or deisopropylatrazine (DIA), polluted also water. However, plants could be useful to reduce water pollution because they can reduce run-off of atrazine derivates. Both examples showed the direct action of plants on pesticides by their capacity to take up, accumulate or detoxify organic substances or by their indirect action by stimulation of soil microbial activity in the breakdown of organic compounds. The use of plants is then presented in the form of examples describing their capacity to prevent pesticide pollution and the use of buffer zones between fields and hydraulic networks. The efficiency of vegetative filter strips (VFS) to protect water from pesticide run-off contamination leads the authorities to require them in good farming practice. Plants could be also used in the depuration of farming wastes. Macrophyte-planted constructed wetlands are efficient to purify farming wastes but their setting is critical. The variety of contaminated biotopes, as the number of pesticides to depurate, is large. This means that the plant choice must be done among many plants. High variability of plant tolerance does make choice more difficult. Three types of plants are particularly useful: graminae in buffer zones, trees such as poplar or willow in riparian zones or in phytoremediation processes due to large evapotranspiration capacities, and aquatic plants for waste depuration processes. The difficulties to find a polyvalent wild plant, lead to search for new methods to select plants more efficiently. The new genetic engineering technologies are a few developed because they can prove possible to broaden the scope even more. The conclusion consists of a brief glimpse of benefits of the use of plants and their limits.

ACS Style

Sophie Lorber; François Laurent. Phytoremediation Techniques for Pesticide Contaminations. Alternative Farming Systems, Biotechnology, Drought Stress and Ecological Fertilisation 2010, 77 -105.

AMA Style

Sophie Lorber, François Laurent. Phytoremediation Techniques for Pesticide Contaminations. Alternative Farming Systems, Biotechnology, Drought Stress and Ecological Fertilisation. 2010; ():77-105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sophie Lorber; François Laurent. 2010. "Phytoremediation Techniques for Pesticide Contaminations." Alternative Farming Systems, Biotechnology, Drought Stress and Ecological Fertilisation , no. : 77-105.

Comparative study
Published: 01 October 2010 in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Metabolism of xenobiotics in plants usually occurs in three phases, phase I (primary metabolism), phase II (conjugation processes), and phase III (storage). The uptake and metabolism of [(14)C]diuron and [(14)C]linuron were investigated in wheat and radish. Seeds were sown in quartz sand and irrigated with a nutrient solution of either radioactive herbicide. Plants were harvested after two weeks, and metabolites were extracted and then analyzed by radio-reverse-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Uptake of the two molecules was higher in radish compared to wheat. Translocation of parent compounds and related metabolites from roots to aerial plant parts was important, especially for radish. A large proportion of extractable residues were found in radish whereas nonextractable residues amounted to 30% in wheat, mainly associated with roots. Chemical structure of metabolites was thereafter identified by acid, alkaline, and enzymatic hydrolyses followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR). This study highlighted the presence of diuron and linuron metabolites conjugated to sugars in addition to N-demethylation and N-demethoxylation products

ACS Style

Sophie Pascal-Lorber; Haifaa Alsayeda; Isabelle Jouanin; Laurent Debrauwer; Cecile Canlet; François Laurent. Metabolic Fate of [14C]Diuron and [14C]Linuron in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Radish (Raphanus sativus). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2010, 58, 10935 -10944.

AMA Style

Sophie Pascal-Lorber, Haifaa Alsayeda, Isabelle Jouanin, Laurent Debrauwer, Cecile Canlet, François Laurent. Metabolic Fate of [14C]Diuron and [14C]Linuron in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Radish (Raphanus sativus). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2010; 58 (20):10935-10944.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sophie Pascal-Lorber; Haifaa Alsayeda; Isabelle Jouanin; Laurent Debrauwer; Cecile Canlet; François Laurent. 2010. "Metabolic Fate of [14C]Diuron and [14C]Linuron in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Radish (Raphanus sativus)." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58, no. 20: 10935-10944.