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Olivier Puel
Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, 31027 Toulouse, France

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Journal article
Published: 17 December 2020 in Journal of Fungi
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Diversity of species within Aspergillus niger clade, currently represented by A. niger sensu stricto and A. welwitshiae, was investigated combining three-locus gene sequences, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA, secondary metabolites profile and morphology. Firstly, approximately 700 accessions belonging to this clade were investigated using calmodulin gene sequences. Based on these sequences, eight haplotypes were clearly identified as A. niger (n = 247) and 17 as A. welwitschiae (n = 403). However, calmodulin sequences did not provide definitive species identities for six haplotypes. To elucidate the taxonomic position of these haplotypes, two other loci, part of the beta-tubulin gene and part of the RNA polymerase II gene, were sequenced and used to perform an analysis of Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition. This analysis enabled the recognition of two new phylogenetic species. One of the new phylogenetic species showed morphological and chemical distinguishable features in comparison to the known species A. welwitschiae and A. niger. This species is illustrated and described as Aspergillus vinaceus sp. nov. In contrast to A. niger and A. welwitschiae, A. vinaceus strains produced asperazine, but none of them were found to produce ochratoxin A and/or fumonisins. Sclerotium production on laboratory media, which does not occur in strains of A. niger and A. welwitschiae, and strictly sclerotium-associated secondary metabolites (14-Epi-hydroxy-10,23-dihydro-24,25-dehydroaflavinine; 10,23-Dihydro-24,25-dehydroaflavinine; 10,23-Dihydro-24,25-dehydro-21-oxo-aflavinine) were found in A. vinaceus. The strain type of A. vinaceus sp. nov. is ITAL 47,456 (T) (=IBT 35556).

ACS Style

Josué J. Da Silva; Beatriz T. Iamanaka; Larissa S. Ferranti; Fernanda P. Massi; Marta H. Taniwaki; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber; Jens C. Frisvad; Maria Helena P. Fungaro. Diversity within Aspergillus niger Clade and Description of a New Species: Aspergillus vinaceus sp. nov. Journal of Fungi 2020, 6, 371 .

AMA Style

Josué J. Da Silva, Beatriz T. Iamanaka, Larissa S. Ferranti, Fernanda P. Massi, Marta H. Taniwaki, Olivier Puel, Sophie Lorber, Jens C. Frisvad, Maria Helena P. Fungaro. Diversity within Aspergillus niger Clade and Description of a New Species: Aspergillus vinaceus sp. nov. Journal of Fungi. 2020; 6 (4):371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Josué J. Da Silva; Beatriz T. Iamanaka; Larissa S. Ferranti; Fernanda P. Massi; Marta H. Taniwaki; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber; Jens C. Frisvad; Maria Helena P. Fungaro. 2020. "Diversity within Aspergillus niger Clade and Description of a New Species: Aspergillus vinaceus sp. nov." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4: 371.

Review
Published: 12 December 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Penicillium, one of the most common fungi occurring in a diverse range of habitats, has a worldwide distribution and a large economic impact on human health. Hundreds of the species belonging to this genus cause disastrous decay in food crops and are able to produce a varied range of secondary metabolites, from which we can distinguish harmful mycotoxins. Some Penicillium species are considered to be important producers of patulin and ochratoxin A, two well-known mycotoxins. The production of these mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites is controlled and regulated by different mechanisms. The aim of this review is to highlight the different levels of regulation of secondary metabolites in the Penicillium genus.

ACS Style

Christelle El Hajj Assaf; Chrystian Zetina-Serrano; Nadia Tahtah; André El Khoury; Ali Atoui; Isabelle P. Oswald; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber. Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in the Penicillium Genus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 9462 .

AMA Style

Christelle El Hajj Assaf, Chrystian Zetina-Serrano, Nadia Tahtah, André El Khoury, Ali Atoui, Isabelle P. Oswald, Olivier Puel, Sophie Lorber. Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in the Penicillium Genus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (24):9462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christelle El Hajj Assaf; Chrystian Zetina-Serrano; Nadia Tahtah; André El Khoury; Ali Atoui; Isabelle P. Oswald; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber. 2020. "Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in the Penicillium Genus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24: 9462.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Dissemination and survival of ascomycetes is through asexual spores. The brlA gene encodes a C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor, which is essential for asexual development. Penicillium expansum causes blue mold disease and is the main source of patulin, a mycotoxin that contaminates apple-based food. A P. expansum PeΔbrlA deficient strain was generated by homologous recombination. In vivo, suppression of brlA completely blocked the development of conidiophores that takes place after the formation of coremia/synnemata, a required step for the perforation of the apple epicarp. Metabolome analysis displayed that patulin production was enhanced by brlA suppression, explaining a higher in vivo aggressiveness compared to the wild type (WT) strain. No patulin was detected in the synnemata, suggesting that patulin biosynthesis stopped when the fungus exited the apple. In vitro transcriptome analysis of PeΔbrlA unveiled an up-regulated biosynthetic gene cluster (PEXP_073960-PEXP_074060) that shares high similarity with the chaetoglobosin gene cluster of Chaetomium globosum. Metabolome analysis of PeΔbrlA confirmed these observations by unveiling a greater diversity of chaetoglobosin derivatives. We observed that chaetoglobosins A and C were found only in the synnemata, located outside of the apple, whereas other chaetoglobosins were detected in apple flesh, suggesting a spatial-temporal organization of the chaetoglobosin biosynthesis pathway.

ACS Style

Chrystian Zetina-Serrano; Ophélie Rocher; Claire Naylies; Yannick Lippi; Isabelle P. Oswald; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel. The brlA Gene Deletion Reveals That Patulin Biosynthesis Is Not Related to Conidiation in Penicillium Expansum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 6660 .

AMA Style

Chrystian Zetina-Serrano, Ophélie Rocher, Claire Naylies, Yannick Lippi, Isabelle P. Oswald, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel. The brlA Gene Deletion Reveals That Patulin Biosynthesis Is Not Related to Conidiation in Penicillium Expansum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (18):6660.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chrystian Zetina-Serrano; Ophélie Rocher; Claire Naylies; Yannick Lippi; Isabelle P. Oswald; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel. 2020. "The brlA Gene Deletion Reveals That Patulin Biosynthesis Is Not Related to Conidiation in Penicillium Expansum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18: 6660.

Review
Published: 28 February 2020 in Toxins
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The study of fungal species evolved radically with the development of molecular techniques and produced new evidence to understand specific fungal mechanisms such as the production of toxic secondary metabolites. Taking advantage of these technologies to improve food safety, the molecular study of toxinogenic species can help elucidate the mechanisms underlying toxin production and enable the development of new effective strategies to control fungal toxicity. Numerous studies have been made on genes involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production, one of the most hazardous carcinogenic toxins for humans and animals. The current review presents the roles of these different genes and their possible impact on AFB1 production. We focus on the toxinogenic strains Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, primary contaminants and major producers of AFB1 in crops. However, genetic reports on A. nidulans are also included because of the capacity of this fungus to produce sterigmatocystin, the penultimate stable metabolite during AFB1 production. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the AFB1 enzymatic biosynthesis pathway and its link with the genes belonging to the AFB1 cluster. It also aims to illustrate the role of global environmental factors on aflatoxin production and the recent data that demonstrate an interconnection between genes regulated by these environmental signals and aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway.

ACS Style

Isaura Caceres; Anthony Al Khoury; Rhoda El Khoury; Sophie Lorber; Isabelle P. Oswald; André El Khoury; Ali Atoui; Olivier Puel; Jean-Denis Bailly. Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Genetic Regulation: A Review. Toxins 2020, 12, 150 .

AMA Style

Isaura Caceres, Anthony Al Khoury, Rhoda El Khoury, Sophie Lorber, Isabelle P. Oswald, André El Khoury, Ali Atoui, Olivier Puel, Jean-Denis Bailly. Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Genetic Regulation: A Review. Toxins. 2020; 12 (3):150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isaura Caceres; Anthony Al Khoury; Rhoda El Khoury; Sophie Lorber; Isabelle P. Oswald; André El Khoury; Ali Atoui; Olivier Puel; Jean-Denis Bailly. 2020. "Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Genetic Regulation: A Review." Toxins 12, no. 3: 150.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2020 in Environment International
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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent carcinogen among mycotoxins. Its biosynthesis involves the formation of versicolorin A (VerA), whose chemical structure shares many features with AFB1. Our data revealed significant levels of VerA in foodstuff from Central Asia and Africa. Given this emerging food risk, it was of prime interest to compare the toxic effects of the two mycotoxins against cells originating from the intestinal tract. We used human colon cell lines (Caco-2, HCT116) to investigate the cytotoxic process induced by the two mycotoxins. Contrary to AFB1, a low dose of VerA (1 µM) disturbed the expression level of thousands of genes (18 002 genes). We show that the cytotoxic effects of low doses of VerA (1–20 µM) were stronger than the same low doses of AFB1 in both Caco-2 and HCT116 cell lines. In Caco-2 cells, VerA induced DNA strand breaks that led to apoptosis and reduced DNA replication of dividing cells, consequently inhibiting cell proliferation. Although VerA was able to induce the p53 signaling pathway in p53 wild-type HCT116 cells, its toxicity process did not mainly rely on p53 expression since similar cytotoxic effects were also observed in HCT116 cells that do not express p53. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the risk of food contamination by VerA and shed light on its toxicological effect on human colon cells.

ACS Style

Thierry Gauthier; Carolina Duarte-Hospital; Julien Vignard; Elisa Boutet-Robinet; Michael Sulyok; Selma P. Snini; Imourana Alassane-Kpembi; Yannick Lippi; Sylvie Puel; Isabelle P. Oswald; Olivier Puel. Versicolorin A, a precursor in aflatoxins biosynthesis, is a food contaminant toxic for human intestinal cells. Environment International 2020, 137, 105568 .

AMA Style

Thierry Gauthier, Carolina Duarte-Hospital, Julien Vignard, Elisa Boutet-Robinet, Michael Sulyok, Selma P. Snini, Imourana Alassane-Kpembi, Yannick Lippi, Sylvie Puel, Isabelle P. Oswald, Olivier Puel. Versicolorin A, a precursor in aflatoxins biosynthesis, is a food contaminant toxic for human intestinal cells. Environment International. 2020; 137 ():105568.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thierry Gauthier; Carolina Duarte-Hospital; Julien Vignard; Elisa Boutet-Robinet; Michael Sulyok; Selma P. Snini; Imourana Alassane-Kpembi; Yannick Lippi; Sylvie Puel; Isabelle P. Oswald; Olivier Puel. 2020. "Versicolorin A, a precursor in aflatoxins biosynthesis, is a food contaminant toxic for human intestinal cells." Environment International 137, no. : 105568.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2020 in Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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The number of immunodepressed individuals is increasing, mainly due to the greater life expectancy in immunodepressed patients due to improvements in modern medical treatments. However, this population group is highly susceptible to invasive aspergillosis. This devastating illness, mainly caused by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus , is associated with mortality rates reaching 90%. Treatment options for this disease are currently limited, and a better understanding of A. fumigatus genetic regulatory mechanisms is paramount for the design of new strategies to prevent or combat this infection. Our work provides new insight into the regulation of the development, metabolism, and virulence of this important opportunistic pathogen. The transcriptional regulatory gene hbxA has a profound effect on A. fumigatus biology, governing multiple aspects of conidial development. This is relevant since conidia are the main source of inoculum in Aspergillus infections. Importantly, hbxA also regulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the pathogenicity of this fungus.

ACS Style

Timothy Satterlee; Binita Nepal; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel; Ana M. Calvo. The Transcriptional Regulator HbxA Governs Development, Secondary Metabolism, and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2020, 86, 1 .

AMA Style

Timothy Satterlee, Binita Nepal, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel, Ana M. Calvo. The Transcriptional Regulator HbxA Governs Development, Secondary Metabolism, and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2020; 86 (3):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Timothy Satterlee; Binita Nepal; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel; Ana M. Calvo. 2020. "The Transcriptional Regulator HbxA Governs Development, Secondary Metabolism, and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 86, no. 3: 1.

Research article
Published: 29 August 2019 in Analytical Chemistry
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The secondary metabolome of Penicillium nordicum is poorly documented despite its frequent detection on contaminated food, and its capacity to produce toxic metabolites such as ochratoxin A. To characterize metabolites produced by this fungi, we combined a full stable isotopes labeling with the dereplication of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data by molecular networking. Firstly, the untargeted metabolomic analysis by high-resolution mass spectrometry of a double stable isotope labeling of P. nordicum enabled the specific detection of its metabolites and the unambiguous determination of their elemental composition. Analyses showed that infection of substrate by P. nordicum lead to the production of at least 92 metabolites, and that 69 of them were completely unknown. Then, curated molecular networks of MS/MS data were generated with GNPS and MetGem, specifically on the features of interest, which allowed highlighting 13 fungisporin-related metabolites that had not previously been identified in this fungus and 8 that had never been observed in any fungus. The structures of the unknown compounds, namely, a native fungisporin and seven linear peptides, were characterized by tandem mass spectrometry experiments. The analysis of P. nordicum growing on its natural substrates, i.e. pork ham, turkey ham and cheese, demonstrated that 10 of the known fungisporin-related metabolites and three of the new metabolites were also synthesized. Thus, the curation of data for molecular networking using a specific detection of metabolites of interest with stable isotopes labeling, allowed the discovery of new metabolites produced by the food contaminant P. nordicum.

ACS Style

Thaïs Hautbergue; Emilien L. Jamin; Robin Costantino; Souria Tadrist; Lauriane Meneghetti; Jean-Claude Tabet; Laurent Debrauwer; Isabelle P. Oswald; Olivier Puel. Combination of Isotope Labeling and Molecular Networking of Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data To Reveal 69 Unknown Metabolites Produced by Penicillium nordicum. Analytical Chemistry 2019, 91, 12191 -12202.

AMA Style

Thaïs Hautbergue, Emilien L. Jamin, Robin Costantino, Souria Tadrist, Lauriane Meneghetti, Jean-Claude Tabet, Laurent Debrauwer, Isabelle P. Oswald, Olivier Puel. Combination of Isotope Labeling and Molecular Networking of Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data To Reveal 69 Unknown Metabolites Produced by Penicillium nordicum. Analytical Chemistry. 2019; 91 (19):12191-12202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thaïs Hautbergue; Emilien L. Jamin; Robin Costantino; Souria Tadrist; Lauriane Meneghetti; Jean-Claude Tabet; Laurent Debrauwer; Isabelle P. Oswald; Olivier Puel. 2019. "Combination of Isotope Labeling and Molecular Networking of Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data To Reveal 69 Unknown Metabolites Produced by Penicillium nordicum." Analytical Chemistry 91, no. 19: 12191-12202.

Evaluation study
Published: 22 August 2019 in Food Microbiology
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Filamentous fungi are one of the main causes of food losses worldwide and their ability to produce mycotoxins represents a hazard for human health. Their correct and rapid identification is thus crucial to manage food safety. In recent years, MALDI-TOF emerged as a rapid and reliable tool for fungi identification and was applied to typing of bacteria and yeasts, but few studies focused on filamentous fungal species complex differentiation and typing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of MALDI-TOF to identify species of the Aspergillus section Flavi, and to differentiate Penicillium roqueforti isolates from three distinct genetic populations. Spectra were acquired from 23 Aspergillus species and integrated into a database for which cross-validation led to more than 99% of correctly attributed spectra. For P. roqueforti, spectra were acquired from 63 strains and a two-step calibration procedure was applied before database construction. Cross-validation and external validation respectively led to 94% and 95% of spectra attributed to the right population. Results obtained here suggested very good agreement between spectral and genetic data analysis for both Aspergillus species and P. roqueforti, demonstrating MALDI-TOF applicability as a fast and easy alternative to molecular techniques for species complex differentiation and strain typing of filamentous fungi.

ACS Style

Laura Quéro; Priscillia Courault; Beatrice Cellière; Sophie Lorber; Jean-Luc Jany; Olivier Puel; Victoria Girard; Valérie Vasseur; Patrice Nodet; Jérôme Mounier. Application of MALDI-TOF MS to species complex differentiation and strain typing of food related fungi: Case studies with Aspergillus section Flavi species and Penicillium roqueforti isolates. Food Microbiology 2019, 86, 103311 .

AMA Style

Laura Quéro, Priscillia Courault, Beatrice Cellière, Sophie Lorber, Jean-Luc Jany, Olivier Puel, Victoria Girard, Valérie Vasseur, Patrice Nodet, Jérôme Mounier. Application of MALDI-TOF MS to species complex differentiation and strain typing of food related fungi: Case studies with Aspergillus section Flavi species and Penicillium roqueforti isolates. Food Microbiology. 2019; 86 ():103311.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Quéro; Priscillia Courault; Beatrice Cellière; Sophie Lorber; Jean-Luc Jany; Olivier Puel; Victoria Girard; Valérie Vasseur; Patrice Nodet; Jérôme Mounier. 2019. "Application of MALDI-TOF MS to species complex differentiation and strain typing of food related fungi: Case studies with Aspergillus section Flavi species and Penicillium roqueforti isolates." Food Microbiology 86, no. : 103311.

Research article
Published: 26 April 2019 in PLOS ONE
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The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous opportunistic human pathogen capable of causing a life-threatening disease called invasive aspergillosis, or IA, with an associated 40-90% mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. Of the approximately 250 species known in the genus Aspergillus, A. fumigatus is responsible for up to 90% of IA infections. This study focuses on examining the role of the putative polysaccharide synthase cpsA gene in A. fumigatus virulence. Additionally, we evaluated its role in cellular processes that influence invasion and colonization of host tissue. Importantly, our results support that cpsA is indispensable for virulence in A. fumigatus infection of non-neutropenic hosts. Our study revealed that cpsA affects growth and sporulation in this fungus. Absence of cpsA resulted in a drastic reduction in conidiation, and forced overexpression of cpsA produced partially fluffy colonies with low sporulation levels, suggesting that wild-type cpsA expression levels are required for proper conidiation in this fungus. This study also showed that cpsA is necessary for normal cell wall integrity and composition. Furthermore, both deletion and overexpression of cpsA resulted in a reduction in the ability of A. fumigatus to adhere to surfaces, and caused increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Interestingly, metabolomics analysis indicated that cpsA affects A. fumigatus secondary metabolism. Forced overexpression of cpsA resulted in a statistically significant difference in the production of fumigaclavine A, fumigaclavine B, fumigaclavine C, verruculogen TR-2, and tryprostatin A.

ACS Style

Binita Nepal; Ryan Myers; Jessica M. Lohmar; Olivier Puel; Brett Thompson; Matthew Van Cura; Ana M. Calvo. Characterization of the putative polysaccharide synthase CpsA and its effects on the virulence of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0216092 .

AMA Style

Binita Nepal, Ryan Myers, Jessica M. Lohmar, Olivier Puel, Brett Thompson, Matthew Van Cura, Ana M. Calvo. Characterization of the putative polysaccharide synthase CpsA and its effects on the virulence of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (4):e0216092.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Binita Nepal; Ryan Myers; Jessica M. Lohmar; Olivier Puel; Brett Thompson; Matthew Van Cura; Ana M. Calvo. 2019. "Characterization of the putative polysaccharide synthase CpsA and its effects on the virulence of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus." PLOS ONE 14, no. 4: e0216092.

Journal article
Published: 27 March 2019 in Scientific Reports
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Spices are used extensively in Lebanon not only to flavour foods but also for their medicinal properties. To date, no data are available regarding the nature of the toxigenic fungal species that may contaminate these products at the marketing stage in this country. Eighty samples corresponding to 14 different types of spices were collected throughout Lebanon to characterize the Aspergillus section Flavi contaminating spices marketed in Lebanon and the toxigenic potential of these fungal species. Most fungal genera and species were identified as belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi. Aspergillus flavus was the most frequent species, representing almost 80% of the isolates. Although identified as A. flavus by molecular analysis, some strains displayed atypical morphological features. Seven strains of A. tamarii and one A. minisclerotigenes were also isolated. Analyses of toxigenic potential demonstrated that almost 80% of strains were able to produce mycotoxins, 47% produced aflatoxins, and 72% produced cyclopiazonic acid, alone or in combination with aflatoxins.

ACS Style

Joya Makhlouf; Amaranta Carvajal-Campos; Arlette Querin; Soraya Tadrist; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber; Isabelle P. Oswald; Monzer Hamze; Jean-Denis Bailly; Sylviane Bailly. Morphologic, molecular and metabolic characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi in spices marketed in Lebanon. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 5263 .

AMA Style

Joya Makhlouf, Amaranta Carvajal-Campos, Arlette Querin, Soraya Tadrist, Olivier Puel, Sophie Lorber, Isabelle P. Oswald, Monzer Hamze, Jean-Denis Bailly, Sylviane Bailly. Morphologic, molecular and metabolic characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi in spices marketed in Lebanon. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):5263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joya Makhlouf; Amaranta Carvajal-Campos; Arlette Querin; Soraya Tadrist; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber; Isabelle P. Oswald; Monzer Hamze; Jean-Denis Bailly; Sylviane Bailly. 2019. "Morphologic, molecular and metabolic characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi in spices marketed in Lebanon." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 5263.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2019 in Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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In this study, the epigenetic global regulator rtfA , which encodes a putative RNA-Pol II transcription elongation factor-like protein, was characterized in the mycotoxigenic and opportunistic pathogen A. flavus . Specifically, its involvement in A. flavus pathogenesis in plant and animal models was studied. Here, we show that rtfA positively regulates A. flavus virulence in both models. Furthermore, rtfA -dependent effects on factors necessary for successful invasion and colonization of host tissue by A. flavus were also assessed. Our study indicates that rtfA plays a role in A. flavus adherence to surfaces, hydrolytic activity, normal cell wall formation, and response to oxidative stress. This study also revealed a profound effect of rtfA on the metabolome of A. flavus , including the production of potent mycotoxins.

ACS Style

Jessica M. Lohmar; Olivier Puel; Jeffrey W. Cary; Ana M. Calvo. The Aspergillus flavus rtfA Gene Regulates Plant and Animal Pathogenesis and Secondary Metabolism. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2019, 85, 1 .

AMA Style

Jessica M. Lohmar, Olivier Puel, Jeffrey W. Cary, Ana M. Calvo. The Aspergillus flavus rtfA Gene Regulates Plant and Animal Pathogenesis and Secondary Metabolism. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2019; 85 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jessica M. Lohmar; Olivier Puel; Jeffrey W. Cary; Ana M. Calvo. 2019. "The Aspergillus flavus rtfA Gene Regulates Plant and Animal Pathogenesis and Secondary Metabolism." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 January 2019 in Food Research International
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Dried leaves and stems of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (yerba mate) are used to make a popular beverage in some countries of South America, commonly known as “chimarrão”. The present study was designed to evaluate the occurrence of toxigenic Aspergillus in yerba mate in order to define the mycotoxin risk associated with this foodstuff. All samples tested were positive for fungal contamination, and the fungal load per sample ranged from 2.0 × 102 to 1.6 × 104 CFU/g. Aspergillus section Nigri was found in all samples and represented 76.5% of the total fungi isolated. Aspergillus section Circumdati, Aspergillus section Flavi and Aspergillus section Cremei were found at low frequencies. Thirteen different Aspergillus species were identified. The most common species found was A. luchuensis, which does not produce any harmful toxin for humans. A. niger, A. welwitschiae, A. flavus and A. novoparasiticus, all potentially toxigenic species, were found only in small quantities. The A. niger and A. welwitschiae strains were cultured to test for ochratoxin A and fumonisin B2 production. Only one strain producing ochratoxin A was found, but approximately 29% of the strains were positive for fumonisin B2. The A. flavus and A. novoparasiticus strains were tested for aflatoxins production, and 63% were positive. A. pallidofulvus, recently assigned to A. section Circumdati, was reported for the first time in herbs. All A. pallidofulvus strains analyzed in this study were negative for ochratoxin A production. In conclusion, A. section Nigri occurs with high frequency in yerba mate, and A. luchuensis is the predominant species. Although toxigenic species were found in this herb, the incidence was low.

ACS Style

Josué José Silva; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber; Larissa S. Ferranti; Luryan F. Ortiz; Marta H. Taniwaki; Beatriz T. Iamanaka; Maria Helena P. Fungaro. Occurrence and diversity of Aspergillus in commercial yerba mate elaborated for the Brazilian beverage ‘chimarrão’. Food Research International 2019, 121, 940 -946.

AMA Style

Josué José Silva, Olivier Puel, Sophie Lorber, Larissa S. Ferranti, Luryan F. Ortiz, Marta H. Taniwaki, Beatriz T. Iamanaka, Maria Helena P. Fungaro. Occurrence and diversity of Aspergillus in commercial yerba mate elaborated for the Brazilian beverage ‘chimarrão’. Food Research International. 2019; 121 ():940-946.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Josué José Silva; Olivier Puel; Sophie Lorber; Larissa S. Ferranti; Luryan F. Ortiz; Marta H. Taniwaki; Beatriz T. Iamanaka; Maria Helena P. Fungaro. 2019. "Occurrence and diversity of Aspergillus in commercial yerba mate elaborated for the Brazilian beverage ‘chimarrão’." Food Research International 121, no. : 940-946.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2018 in Toxins
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Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus section Flavi during their development, particularly in maize. It is widely accepted that AFB1 is a major contaminant in regions where hot climate conditions favor the development of aflatoxigenic species. Global warming could lead to the appearance of AFs in maize produced in Europe. This was the case in 2015, in France, when the exceptionally hot and dry climatic conditions were favorable for AF production. Our survey revealed AF contamination of 6% (n = 114) of maize field samples and of 15% (n = 81) of maize silo samples analyzed. To understand the origin of the contamination, we characterized the mycoflora in contaminated samples and in samples produced in the same geographic and climatic conditions but with no AFs. A special focus was placed on Aspergillus section Flavi. A total of 67 strains of Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated from the samples. As expected, the strains were observed in all AF+ samples and, remarkably, also in almost 40% of AF− samples, demonstrating the presence of these potent toxin producers in fields in France. A. flavus was the most frequent species of the section Flavi (69% of the strains). But surprisingly, A. parasiticus was also a frequent contaminant (28% of the strains), mostly isolated from AF+ samples. This finding is in agreement with the presence of AFG in most of those samples.

ACS Style

Sylviane Bailly; Anwar El Mahgubi; Amaranta Carvajal-Campos; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel; Isabelle P. Oswald; Jean-Denis Bailly; Béatrice Orlando. Occurrence and Identification of Aspergillus Section Flavi in the Context of the Emergence of Aflatoxins in French Maize. Toxins 2018, 10, 525 .

AMA Style

Sylviane Bailly, Anwar El Mahgubi, Amaranta Carvajal-Campos, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel, Isabelle P. Oswald, Jean-Denis Bailly, Béatrice Orlando. Occurrence and Identification of Aspergillus Section Flavi in the Context of the Emergence of Aflatoxins in French Maize. Toxins. 2018; 10 (12):525.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sylviane Bailly; Anwar El Mahgubi; Amaranta Carvajal-Campos; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel; Isabelle P. Oswald; Jean-Denis Bailly; Béatrice Orlando. 2018. "Occurrence and Identification of Aspergillus Section Flavi in the Context of the Emergence of Aflatoxins in French Maize." Toxins 10, no. 12: 525.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2018 in Toxins
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Crop contamination by aflatoxin B1 is a current problem in tropical and subtropical regions. In the future, this contamination risk may be expanded to European countries due to climate change. The development of alternative strategies to prevent mycotoxin contamination that further contribute to the substitution of phytopharmaceutical products are thus needed. For this, a promising method resides in the use of biocontrol agents. Several actinobacteria strains have demonstrated to effectively reduce the aflatoxin B1 concentration. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of action by which these biological agents reduce the mycotoxin concentration has not been determined. The aim of the present study was to test the potential use of Streptomyces roseolus as a biocontrol agent against aflatoxin B1 contamination. Co-cultures with Aspergillus flavus were conducted, and the molecular fungal response was investigated through analyzing the q-PCR expression of 65 genes encoding relevant fungal functions. Moreover, kojic and cyclopiazonic acid concentrations, as well as morphological fungal changes were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that reduced concentrations of aflatoxin B1 and kojic acid were respectively correlated with the down-regulation of the aflatoxin B1 gene cluster and kojR gene expression. Moreover, a fungal hypersporulated phenotype and a general over-expression of genes involved in fungal development were observed in the co-culture condition.

ACS Style

Isaura Caceres; Selma P. Snini; Olivier Puel; Florence Mathieu. Streptomyces roseolus, A Promising Biocontrol Agent Against Aspergillus flavus, the Main Aflatoxin B1 Producer. Toxins 2018, 10, 442 .

AMA Style

Isaura Caceres, Selma P. Snini, Olivier Puel, Florence Mathieu. Streptomyces roseolus, A Promising Biocontrol Agent Against Aspergillus flavus, the Main Aflatoxin B1 Producer. Toxins. 2018; 10 (11):442.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isaura Caceres; Selma P. Snini; Olivier Puel; Florence Mathieu. 2018. "Streptomyces roseolus, A Promising Biocontrol Agent Against Aspergillus flavus, the Main Aflatoxin B1 Producer." Toxins 10, no. 11: 442.

Comparative study
Published: 01 May 2018 in Toxicology Letters
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Aflatoxins are found as food contaminant and some of them demonstrate a carcinogenic effect. The aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway involves 15 successive steps. The aim of this study was to compare the toxicity of aflatoxins and their precursors in three human cell lines. We tested the four aflatoxins and two of their metabolites; three early metabolic precursors and two late biosynthetic precursors. Cyclopiazonic acid, synthesized in parallel with aflatoxins, was also tested. The cytotoxicity and the genotoxicity was evaluated with the γH2AX assay in three human cell lines with different bioactivation capacities. Our results indicated that the most genotoxic chemicals in the three cell lines were in decreasing order sterigmatocystin (ST), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxicol (AFL), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and versicolorin A (VERA). Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) demonstrated genotoxic property in only one cell line. The other tested compounds did not demonstrate any genotoxic activity. Overall, our results suggested different genotoxic mechanisms of action for the tested compounds, involving specific bioactivation pathways. Moreover, some metabolic precursors of aflatoxins demonstrated genotoxic potential equivalent or greater to AFB1. This should be taking into account for the development of new strategies intended to reduce the aflatoxins exposure and for human risk assessment.

ACS Style

M.G. Theumer; Y. Henneb; L. Khoury; Selma Snini; S. Tadrist; C. Canlet; O. Puel; I.P. Oswald; M. Audebert. Genotoxicity of aflatoxins and their precursors in human cells. Toxicology Letters 2018, 287, 100 -107.

AMA Style

M.G. Theumer, Y. Henneb, L. Khoury, Selma Snini, S. Tadrist, C. Canlet, O. Puel, I.P. Oswald, M. Audebert. Genotoxicity of aflatoxins and their precursors in human cells. Toxicology Letters. 2018; 287 ():100-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.G. Theumer; Y. Henneb; L. Khoury; Selma Snini; S. Tadrist; C. Canlet; O. Puel; I.P. Oswald; M. Audebert. 2018. "Genotoxicity of aflatoxins and their precursors in human cells." Toxicology Letters 287, no. : 100-107.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2018 in Molecular Plant Pathology
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Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of the blue mold disease, produces the mycotoxins patulin and citrinin among other secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolism is associated with fungal development, which responds to numerous biotic and abiotic external triggers. The global transcription factor VeA plays a key role in the coordination of secondary metabolism and differentiation processes in many fungal species. The specific role of VeA in P. expansum remains unknown. A null mutant PeΔveA strain and a complemented PeΔveA:veA strain were generated in P. expansum and their pathogenicity on apples was studied. Like the wild-type and the complemented strains, the null mutant PeΔveA strain was still able to sporulate and to colonize apples, but at a lower rate. However, it could not form coremia either in vitro or in vivo thus limiting its dissemination from natural substrates. The impact of veA on the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the production of patulin, citrinin and other secondary metabolites was evaluated. Disruption of veA drastically reduced the production of patulin and citrinin on synthetic media, associated with marked down-regulation of all genes involved in the biosynthesis of the two mycotoxins. The null mutant PeΔveA strain was not able to produce patulin on apples either. Analysis of gene expression evidenced a global impact on secondary metabolism, as 15 of 35 backbone genes showed differential regulation on two different media. These findings support the hypothesis that VeA contributes to the pathogenicity of P. expansum and modulates its secondary metabolism. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Christelle El Hajj Assaf; Selma Snini; Souria Tadrist; Sylviane Bailly; Claire Naylies; Isabelle P. Oswald; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel. Impact ofveAon the development, aggressiveness, dissemination and secondary metabolism ofPenicillium expansum. Molecular Plant Pathology 2018, 19, 1971 -1983.

AMA Style

Christelle El Hajj Assaf, Selma Snini, Souria Tadrist, Sylviane Bailly, Claire Naylies, Isabelle P. Oswald, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel. Impact ofveAon the development, aggressiveness, dissemination and secondary metabolism ofPenicillium expansum. Molecular Plant Pathology. 2018; 19 (8):1971-1983.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christelle El Hajj Assaf; Selma Snini; Souria Tadrist; Sylviane Bailly; Claire Naylies; Isabelle P. Oswald; Sophie Lorber; Olivier Puel. 2018. "Impact ofveAon the development, aggressiveness, dissemination and secondary metabolism ofPenicillium expansum." Molecular Plant Pathology 19, no. 8: 1971-1983.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2018 in BMC Genomics
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Aspergillus arachidicola is an aflatoxigenic fungal species, first isolated from the leaves of a wild peanut species native to Argentina. It has since been reported in maize, Brazil nut and human sputum samples. This aflatoxigenic species is capable of secreting both B and G aflatoxins, similar to A. parasiticus and A. nomius. It has other characteristics that may result in its misidentification as one of several other section Flavi species. This study offers a preliminary analysis of the A. arachidicola genome. In this study we sequenced the genome of the A. arachidicola type strain (CBS 117610) and found its genome size to be 38.9 Mb, and its number of predicted genes to be 12,091, which are values comparable to those in other sequenced Aspergilli. A comparison of 57 known Aspergillus secondary metabolite gene clusters, among closely-related aflatoxigenic species, revealed nearly half were predicted to exist in the type strain of A. arachidicola. Of its predicted genes, 691 were identified as unique to the species and 60% were assigned Gene Ontology terms using BLAST2GO. Phylogenomic inference shows CBS 117610 sharing a most recent common ancestor with A. parasiticus. Finally, BLAST query of A. flavus mating-type idiomorph sequences to this strain revealed the presence of a single mating-type (MAT1–1) idiomorph. Based on A. arachidicola morphological, genetic and chemotype similarities with A. flavus and A. parasiticus, sequencing the genome of A. arachidicola will contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary relatedness among aflatoxigenic fungi.

ACS Style

Geromy G. Moore; Brian M. Mack; Shannon B. Beltz; Olivier Puel. Genome sequence of an aflatoxigenic pathogen of Argentinian peanut, Aspergillus arachidicola. BMC Genomics 2018, 19, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Geromy G. Moore, Brian M. Mack, Shannon B. Beltz, Olivier Puel. Genome sequence of an aflatoxigenic pathogen of Argentinian peanut, Aspergillus arachidicola. BMC Genomics. 2018; 19 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Geromy G. Moore; Brian M. Mack; Shannon B. Beltz; Olivier Puel. 2018. "Genome sequence of an aflatoxigenic pathogen of Argentinian peanut, Aspergillus arachidicola." BMC Genomics 19, no. 1: 1-12.

Journals
Published: 31 January 2018 in Natural Product Reports
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Fungal secondary metabolites are defined by bioactive properties that ensure adaptation of the fungus to its environment.

ACS Style

T. Hautbergue; E. L. Jamin; L. Debrauwer; O. Puel; I. P. Oswald. From genomics to metabolomics, moving toward an integrated strategy for the discovery of fungal secondary metabolites. Natural Product Reports 2018, 35, 147 -173.

AMA Style

T. Hautbergue, E. L. Jamin, L. Debrauwer, O. Puel, I. P. Oswald. From genomics to metabolomics, moving toward an integrated strategy for the discovery of fungal secondary metabolites. Natural Product Reports. 2018; 35 (2):147-173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Hautbergue; E. L. Jamin; L. Debrauwer; O. Puel; I. P. Oswald. 2018. "From genomics to metabolomics, moving toward an integrated strategy for the discovery of fungal secondary metabolites." Natural Product Reports 35, no. 2: 147-173.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Journal of Chromatography B
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Industrial applications of fungal compounds, coupled with the emergence of fungal threats to natural ecosystems and public health, have increased interest in filamentous fungi. Among all pathogenic fungi, Penicillium verrucosum is one of the most common mold-infecting stored cereals in temperate regions. However, it is estimated that 80% of fungal secondary metabolites remain unknown. To detect new P. verrucosum compounds, an untargeted metabolomic approach was applied to fungus grown on wheat grains labeled with stable isotopes: (i) natural grains (99% C); (ii) grains enriched with 97% of C; and (iii) grains enriched with 53% of C and 97% of N. Analyses performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) enabled the specific detection of fungal metabolites, and the unambiguous characterization of their chemical formulas. In this way, 98 secondary metabolites were detected and their chemical formulas were determined. Of these, only 18 identifications could be made based on databases, the literature and mass spectrometry fragmentation experiments, with the result that 80 were totally unknown. Molecular networks were generated to analyze these results, leading to the characterization by MS experiments of a new fungisporin produced by P. verrucosum. More generally, this article provides precise mass spectrometric data about all these compounds for further studies of the Penicillium metabolome.

ACS Style

Thaïs Hautbergue; Olivier Puel; Souria Tadrist; Lauriane Meneghetti; Michel Péan; Marcel Delaforge; Laurent Debrauwer; Isabelle Oswald; Emilien L. Jamin. Evidencing 98 secondary metabolites of Penicillium verrucosum using substrate isotopic labeling and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B 2017, 1071, 29 -43.

AMA Style

Thaïs Hautbergue, Olivier Puel, Souria Tadrist, Lauriane Meneghetti, Michel Péan, Marcel Delaforge, Laurent Debrauwer, Isabelle Oswald, Emilien L. Jamin. Evidencing 98 secondary metabolites of Penicillium verrucosum using substrate isotopic labeling and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B. 2017; 1071 ():29-43.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thaïs Hautbergue; Olivier Puel; Souria Tadrist; Lauriane Meneghetti; Michel Péan; Marcel Delaforge; Laurent Debrauwer; Isabelle Oswald; Emilien L. Jamin. 2017. "Evidencing 98 secondary metabolites of Penicillium verrucosum using substrate isotopic labeling and high-resolution mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography B 1071, no. : 29-43.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2017 in Toxins
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Several strains of a new aflatoxigenic species of Aspergillus, A. korhogoensis, were isolated in the course of a screening study involving species from section Flavi found contaminating peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) and peanut paste in the Côte d’Ivoire. Based on examination of four isolates, this new species is described using a polyphasic approach. A concatenated alignment comprised of nine genes (ITS, benA, cmdA, mcm7, amdS, rpb1, preB, ppgA, and preA) was subjected to phylogenetic analysis, and resulted in all four strains being inferred as a distinct clade. Characterization of mating type for each strain revealed A. korhogoensis as a heterothallic species, since three isolates exhibited a singular MAT1-1 locus and one isolate exhibited a singular MAT1-2 locus. Morphological and physiological characterizations were also performed based on their growth on various types of media. Their respective extrolite profiles were characterized using LC/HRMS, and showed that this new species is capable of producing B- and G-aflatoxins, aspergillic acid, cyclopiazonic acid, aflavarins, and asparasones, as well as other metabolites. Altogether, our results confirm the monophyly of A. korhogoensis, and strengthen its position in the A. flavus clade, as the sister taxon of A. parvisclerotigenus.

ACS Style

Amaranta Carvajal-Campos; Ama Lethicia Manizan; Souria Tadrist; David Koffi Akaki; Rose Koffi-Nevry; Geromy G. Moore; Stephen O. Fapohunda; Sylviane Bailly; Didier Montet; Isabelle P. Oswald; Sophie Lorber; Catherine Brabet; Olivier Puel. Aspergillus korhogoensis, a Novel Aflatoxin Producing Species from the Côte d’Ivoire. Toxins 2017, 9, 353 .

AMA Style

Amaranta Carvajal-Campos, Ama Lethicia Manizan, Souria Tadrist, David Koffi Akaki, Rose Koffi-Nevry, Geromy G. Moore, Stephen O. Fapohunda, Sylviane Bailly, Didier Montet, Isabelle P. Oswald, Sophie Lorber, Catherine Brabet, Olivier Puel. Aspergillus korhogoensis, a Novel Aflatoxin Producing Species from the Côte d’Ivoire. Toxins. 2017; 9 (11):353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amaranta Carvajal-Campos; Ama Lethicia Manizan; Souria Tadrist; David Koffi Akaki; Rose Koffi-Nevry; Geromy G. Moore; Stephen O. Fapohunda; Sylviane Bailly; Didier Montet; Isabelle P. Oswald; Sophie Lorber; Catherine Brabet; Olivier Puel. 2017. "Aspergillus korhogoensis, a Novel Aflatoxin Producing Species from the Côte d’Ivoire." Toxins 9, no. 11: 353.