In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized using neem leaf aqueous extracts and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Then compare its efficacy as anticancer and antibacterial agents with chemically synthesized ZnO-NPs and the neem leaf extract used for the green synthesis of ZnO-NPs. The TEM, UV-vis, and particle size confirmed that the developed ZnO-NPs are nanoscale. The chemically and greenly synthesized ZnO-NPs showed their optical absorbance at 328 nm and 380 nm, respectively, and were observed as spherical particles with a size of about 85 nm and 62.5 nm, respectively. HPLC and GC-MS were utilized to identify the bioactive components in the neem leaf aqueous extract employed for the eco-friendly production of ZnO-NPs. The HPLC analysis revealed that the aqueous extract of neem leaf contains 19 phenolic component fractions. The GC-MS analysis revealed the existence of 21 bioactive compounds. The antiproliferative effect of green ZnO-NPs was observed at different concentrations (31.25 µg/mL–1000 µg/mL) on Hct 116 and A 549 cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 111 µg/mL for A 549 and 118 µg/mL for Hct 116. On the other hand, the antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was estimated. The antibacterial result showed that the MIC of green synthesized ZnO-NPs against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were 5, and 1 µg/mL. Hence, they could be utilized as effective antibacterial and antiproliferative agents.

Hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) causes liver injury. This research aims to create ZnO-NPs using green synthesis from Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves aqueous extract, and chemically prepared and confirming the synthesis by specialized equipment analysis. The sizes formed of ZnO-NPs were 80 and 55 nm for chemical and green methods, respectively. In addition, to study their ability to protect Wistar Albino male rats against oxidative stress exposed to carbon tetrachloride. MO leaf aqueous extract, green synthesized ZnO-NPs, and ZnO-NPs prepared chemically at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW per day were investigated for their hepatoprotective effects on liver enzyme biomarkers, renal biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, hematological parameters, and histopathological changes. Compared to the control group, all liver and kidney indicators were considerably elevated after the CCl₄ injection. However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver was significantly reduced after the CCl₄ injection. These outcomes indicate that MO leaf aqueous extract, greenly synthesized ZnO-NPs, and ZnO-NPs chemically prepared can restore normal liver and kidney function and activity, as well as hematological and antioxidant enzymes. The highest impact on enhancing the hepatoprotective effect was recorded for rats that received green synthesized ZnO-NPs. The increased drug delivery mechanism of green synthesized ZnO-NPs resulted in a higher protective effect than that of MO leaf aqueous extract.

Background This study aims to explore the factors associated with artificial intelligence (AI) and patient autonomy in obesity treatment decision-making. Methodology A cross-sectional, online, descriptive survey design was adopted in this study. The survey instrument incorporated the Ideal Patient Autonomy Scale (IPAS) and other factors affecting patient autonomy in the AI-patient relationship. The study participants included 74 physicians, 55 dieticians, and 273 obese patients. Results Different views were expressed in the scales AI knows the best (μ = 2.95-3.15) and the patient should decide (μ = 2.95-3.16). Ethical concerns (μ = 3.24) and perceived privacy risks (μ = 3.58) were identified as having a more negative influence on patient autonomy compared to personal innovativeness (μ = 2.41) and trust (μ = 2.85). Physicians and dieticians expressed significantly higher trust in AI compared to patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions Patient autonomy in the AI-patient relationship is significantly affected by privacy, trust, and ethical issues. As trust is a multifaceted factor and AI is a novel technology in healthcare, it is essential to fully explore the various factors influencing trust and patient autonomy.

Several bioactive constituents found in conventional medicine possess antioxidants and anti-cancer effects and may be useful in the treatment of a variety of diseases, so the current study sought to conduct a thorough investigation of their potential use as a potent antioxidant and anticancer agent for Korean red ginseng root. The preliminary phytochemical analysis in a methanol extract of Panax ginseng indicated the existence of numerous bioactive secondary metabolites especially in fresh Korean ginseng than dried one where about 79 active phytoconstituents in fresh ginseng compared to 25 in dried ginseng. More accurately, several bioactive compounds, including eicosatrienoic acid and melezitose, were identified in Korean red ginseng, some of which are less commonly reported in this species. The results demonstrated that the plants have therapeutic values, since the extracts' antioxidant impact was examined using radical 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The methanolic extract displayed varying half-maximal inhibitory concentration values slightly above the standard, indicating the significance of the bioactive metabolites present in the plant. Additionally, investigation was conducted on the potential anticancer properties targeting a specific cancer cell line and we revealed that fresh ginseng was the powerful would effectively inhibit cancer cell lines. KEY WORDS: Panax ginseng, Phytoconstituents, GC-Ms, Antioxidant activity, Anticancer Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(10), 2039-2053. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i10.18

Background: Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes, is a growing concern globally. In Saudi Arabia, lifestyle factors such as physical activity and dietary patterns play a significant role in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Study Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between physical activity levels, dietary patterns, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive and convenience sampling techniques. A total of 468 participants completed questionnaires assessing their physical activity levels and dietary patterns. Metabolic syndrome was determined based on clinical measurements of waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipid levels. Results: The analysis revealed a significant association between lower physical activity levels and poor dietary patterns with higher prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome. The analysis revealed that participants with low physical activity levels had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome ( p < 0.01). Similarly, those with unhealthy dietary patterns (high in saturated fats and sugars) showed a metabolic syndrome risk ( p < 0.01), compared to those with healthy dietary patterns. Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical role of physical activity and dietary patterns in the development of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia. Public health interventions targeting lifestyle modifications could be essential in mitigating metabolic syndrome and improving overall health.