Periods of soil water stress have been recurrent in the Cerrado region and have become a growing concern for Brazilian tropical pasture areas. Thus, the search for forage grasses more tolerant to water stress has intensified recently in order to promote more sustainable livestock. In a greenhouse experiment, the degree of water stress tolerance of nine tropical forage grass cultivars was studied under different soil water regimes. The investigation followed a 9 × 3 factorial design in four randomized blocks. Nine cultivars from five species of perennial forage grasses were tested: Urochloa brizantha (‘BRS Piatã’, ‘Marandu’, and ‘Xaraés’), Panicum maximum (‘Aruana’, ‘Mombaça’, and ‘Tanzânia’), Pennisetum glaucum (‘ADR 300’), Urochloa ruziziensis (‘Comum’), and Paspalum atratum (‘Pojuca’). These cultivars were grown in pots under three soil water regimes (high soil water regime—HSW (non-stressful condition), middle soil water regime—MSW (moderate water stress), and low soil water regime—LSW (severe water stress)). Plants were exposed to soil water stress for 25 days during the tillering and stalk elongation phases. Twelve tolerance indices, including tolerance index (TOL), mean production (MP), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean production (GMP), yield index (YI), modified stress tolerance (k₁STI and k₂STI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), abiotic tolerance index (ATI), and harmonic mean (HM), were calculated based on shoot biomass production under non-stressful (Y_P) and stressful (Y_S) conditions. Soil water stress decreased leaf area, plant height, tillering capacity, root volume, and shoot and root dry matter production in most cultivars, with varying degrees of reduction among tropical forage grasses. Based on shoot biomass production under controlled greenhouse conditions, the most water-stress-tolerant cultivars were P. maximum cv. Mombaça and cv. Tanzânia under the MSW regime and P. maximum cv. Aruana and cv. Mombaça under the LSW regime. P. maximum cv. Mombaça has greater adaptability and stability of shoot biomass production when grown under greenhouse conditions and subjected to soil water stress. Therefore, this forage grass should be tested under field conditions to confirm its forage production potential for cultivation in tropical regions with the occurrence of water stress. The MP, DI, STI, GMP, YI, k₂STI, and HM tolerance indices were the most suitable for identifying forage grass cultivars with greater water stress tolerance and a high potential for shoot biomass production under LSW regime.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean cultivars as a function of doses and sources of organomineral fertilizers. The experimental design was randomized blocks arranged in a split-split plot, with three replications. In the main plots, the treatments consisted of two soybean cultivars (BRASMAX Bônus IPRO and BRASMAX Olimpo IPRO), and in the subplot, the treatments consisted of three phosphate fertilizers [two organomineral fertilizers manufactured and a phosphate fertilizer (simple superphosphate)]. In the subplot, doses of 0 (control), 50 and 100 kg of P₂O₅ per ha^-1 were used. The following parameters: moisture content, emergence, total dry weight, germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and seed sanity were used in current investigation. The use of organomineral fertilizers resulted in positive effects on the physiological quality of soybean seeds, although the incidence of the pathogens Cercospora sp., Aspergillus niger, and Rizoctonia sp. were larger. The combinations of the factors “BRASMAX Bônus IPRO + 50 kg of P₂O₅ per ha^-1 + ORG1 or ORG2” and “BRASMAX Olimpo IPRO + 100 kg of P₂O₅ per ha^-1 + ORG2” were associated with greater physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds of soybean.

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Wheat production in the Brazilian Cerrado region faces challenges related to drought and salinity, which limit plant development and crop yield. This study evaluated the multivariate adaptability of 11 tropical wheat cultivars to drought and salinity stresses during early plant development. Wheat plants were grown for 12 days at 25 °C under non-stressful (control) and simulated drought and salinity stress conditions with –0.30 MPa iso-osmotic solutions prepared with polyethylene glycol or sodium chloride, respectively. The germination, growth rate and dry matter accumulation of the plants were measured. The results showed that wheat cultivars have distinct morphological responses to stressful environmental conditions, with drought stress having a greater impact on shoot growth and saline stress having a greater impact on root system development. The multivariate adaptability and stability analyses performed using the Lin and Binns method and GGE biplot revealed that the wheat cultivars BIO 190057, BRS 404 and TBIO Duque combine adaptability and stability for all morphological traits simultaneously, being considered cultivars tolerant to drought and salinity stresses. It was concluded that the identification of cultivars tolerant and adapted to adverse environmental conditions is essential for the advancement of sustainable cultivation of tropical wheat in the Brazilian Cerrado region, contributing to global food security.

A identificação de cultivares de milho segunda safra produtivas para Balsas-MA é importante para aumentar a lucratividade do produtor rural dessa cultura. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de cultivares de milho segunda safra em Balsas-MA. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 25 cultivares de milho e quatro repetições. Quando a cultura atingiu a fase de maturidade fisiológica, foi avaliado a altura das plantas, a altura de inserção de espiga, o comprimento de espiga, o número de fileiras por espiga, o número de grãos por fileiras, o diâmetro da espiga, a massa de mil grãos e a produtividade dos grãos. As cultivares de milho BM 270 PRO3, BM 270 PRO2, BM 880 PRO3, HLX 1767 PRO2 e P3845 VYHR tem o maior potencial produtivo nas condições edafoclimáticas de Balsas-MA.

Moringa is a plant native to India, with a wide distribution worldwide, ranging from Asia to Africa, with more occurrence in regions with hot and dry climates, such as the Brazilian semiarid region. Through cycles of discontinuous hydration and dehydration, seeds may acquire a high survival rate under these conditions. The study was conducted at the Seed Laboratory of the State University of Maranhão in the municipality of Balsas, Maranhão. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 3 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement, 3 soaking times (10, 36 and 52 hours), 3 hydration cycles (1, 2 and 3) and an additional treatment (control), with 4 replicates of 25 seeds each. After the seeds were subjected to hydration and dehydration cycles, an emergence test was performed, and the following characteristics were analyzed: emergence, first emergence count, emergence speed index, shoot length, root length, shoot mass and dry mass. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and regression with a 5% probability level, and principal component analysis and response surface analysis were performed. It is assumed that the species Moringa oleifera Lam. Water memory has a hydration time of up to 10 hours with a maximum of up to 2 hydration cycles, and dehydration positively influenced the improvement in most agronomic variables compared with those of the control. A moringa é uma planta originária da Índia, com uma grande distribuição no globo, indo desde a Ásia até a África, possuindo mais ocorrência em regiões com climas quentes e secos, como o semiárido brasileiro. Objetiva-se verificar se as sementes de moringa apresentam memória hídrica em resposta aos ciclos de hidratação e desidratação descontínua. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Sementes da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão no município de Balsas, Maranhão. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial 3 x 3 + 1, sendo 3 tempos de embebição (10, 36 e 52 horas) e 3 ciclos de hidratação (1, 2 e 3) e um tratamento adicional (controle), com 4 repetições de 25 sementes cada. Após as sementes passarem pelos ciclos de hidratação e desidratação, foi realizado o teste de emergência e analisadas as características: emergência, primeira contagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz, massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão com nível de probabilidade de 5% e realizada Análise de Componentes Principais e Superfície de Resposta. Supõem-se que a espécie Moringa oleifera Lam. possua memória hídrica, visto que o tempo de hidratação de até 10 horas com no máximo até 2 ciclos de hidratação e desidratação influenciaram positivamente na melhoria da maioria das variáveis agronômicas avaliadas em comparação com ao controle.