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Dr. Maciej Szeląg
Department of the Faculty of General Construction, Faculty of Civil and General Building Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38D 20-618 Lublin, Poland

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0 Cement
0 Civil Engineering
0 Fractals
0 Image Analysis
0 Mechanical Properties

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Cement
Image Analysis
Mechanical Properties
elevated temperature
fibers
Nanomaterials
Physical Properties

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Short communication
Published: 27 August 2021 in Case Studies in Construction Materials
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This paper presents an intelligent modeling approach for the prediction of compressive and tensile strength of thermally degraded cement matrix modified with the brick powder. For this purpose, artificial neural networks were used, the support vector machine approach and classical functional models were used for comparison. What indicates the novelty of the developed model is the fact that as inputs were used the quantitative characteristics of the cracking patterns (CPs), which were formed due to the elevated temperature interaction. To date, such an approach has not been reported in the literature so far. The conducted research indicated that the models based on the CPs parameters have very high accuracy and even higher accuracy than those based on a very popular measure, i.e., the ultrasonic pulse velocity. This makes that such an approach can be successfully applied in engineering practice for prediction of mechanical characteristics of thermally degraded cementitious composites.

ACS Style

Szeląg Maciej. Intelligent prediction modeling of the post-heating mechanical performance of the brick powder modified cement paste based on the cracking patterns properties. Case Studies in Construction Materials 2021, e00668 .

AMA Style

Szeląg Maciej. Intelligent prediction modeling of the post-heating mechanical performance of the brick powder modified cement paste based on the cracking patterns properties. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2021; ():e00668.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Szeląg Maciej. 2021. "Intelligent prediction modeling of the post-heating mechanical performance of the brick powder modified cement paste based on the cracking patterns properties." Case Studies in Construction Materials , no. : e00668.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2021 in Materials
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Nanomaterials are potential candidates to improve the mechanical properties and durability of cementitious composites. SiC nanowhiskers (NWs) present exceptional mechanical properties and have already been successfully incorporated into different matrices. In this study, cementitious composites were produced with a superplasticizer (SP) and 0–1.0 wt % SiC NWs. Two different NWs were used: untreated (NT-NW) and thermally treated at 500 °C (500-NW). The rheological properties, cement hydration, mechanical properties, and microstructure were evaluated. The results showed that NWs incorporation statistically increased the yield stress of cement paste (by up to 10%) while it led to marginal effects in viscosity. NWs enhanced the early cement hydration, increasing the main heat flow peak. NWs incorporation increased the compressive strength, tensile strength, and thermal conductivity of composites by up to 56%, 66%, and 80%, respectively, while it did not statistically affect the water absorption. Scanning electron microscopy showed a good bond between NWs and cement matrix in addition to the bridging of cracks. Overall, the thermal treatment increased the specific surface area of NWs enhancing their effects on cement properties, while SP improved the NWs dispersion, increasing their beneficial effects on the hardened properties.

ACS Style

Nagilla Azevedo; José Neto; Paulo de Matos; Andrea Betioli; Maciej Szeląg; Philippe Gleize. Utilization of Thermally Treated SiC Nanowhiskers and Superplasticizer for Cementitious Composite Production. Materials 2021, 14, 4062 .

AMA Style

Nagilla Azevedo, José Neto, Paulo de Matos, Andrea Betioli, Maciej Szeląg, Philippe Gleize. Utilization of Thermally Treated SiC Nanowhiskers and Superplasticizer for Cementitious Composite Production. Materials. 2021; 14 (15):4062.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nagilla Azevedo; José Neto; Paulo de Matos; Andrea Betioli; Maciej Szeląg; Philippe Gleize. 2021. "Utilization of Thermally Treated SiC Nanowhiskers and Superplasticizer for Cementitious Composite Production." Materials 14, no. 15: 4062.

Review
Published: 25 June 2021 in Materials
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The urbanization process contributes to the growth of solid waste generation and causes an increase in environmental impacts and failures in the management of solid waste. The number of dumps is a concern due to the limited implementation and safe disposal of this waste. The interest in sustainable techniques has been growing in relation to waste management, which is largely absorbed by the civil construction sector. This work aimed to review plastic waste, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET), that can be incorporated with construction materials, such as concrete, mortars, asphalt mixtures, and paving. The use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) is related, as a tool that allows the sustainability of products and processes to be enhanced in the long term. After analyzing the recent literature, it was identified that studies related to plastic wastes in construction materials concentrate sustainability around the alternative destination of waste. Since the plastic waste from different production chains are obtained, it was possible to affirm the need for a broader assessment, such as the LCA, providing greater quantification of data making the alternative processes and products more sustainable. The study contributes to enhance sustainability in alternative building materials through LCA.

ACS Style

Tulane da Silva; Afonso de Azevedo; Daiane Cecchin; Markssuel Marvila; Mugahed Amran; Roman Fediuk; Nikolai Vatin; Maria Karelina; Sergey Klyuev; Maciej Szelag. Application of Plastic Wastes in Construction Materials: A Review Using the Concept of Life-Cycle Assessment in the Context of Recent Research for Future Perspectives. Materials 2021, 14, 3549 .

AMA Style

Tulane da Silva, Afonso de Azevedo, Daiane Cecchin, Markssuel Marvila, Mugahed Amran, Roman Fediuk, Nikolai Vatin, Maria Karelina, Sergey Klyuev, Maciej Szelag. Application of Plastic Wastes in Construction Materials: A Review Using the Concept of Life-Cycle Assessment in the Context of Recent Research for Future Perspectives. Materials. 2021; 14 (13):3549.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tulane da Silva; Afonso de Azevedo; Daiane Cecchin; Markssuel Marvila; Mugahed Amran; Roman Fediuk; Nikolai Vatin; Maria Karelina; Sergey Klyuev; Maciej Szelag. 2021. "Application of Plastic Wastes in Construction Materials: A Review Using the Concept of Life-Cycle Assessment in the Context of Recent Research for Future Perspectives." Materials 14, no. 13: 3549.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2021 in Crystals
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Lime plaster mixes are becoming more and more popular in the world’s building materials market every year. Therefore, the issue of increasing the efficiency of lime finishing coatings is relevant. The paper aim is the modification of lime binders with specially synthesized calcium silicate hydrates (CSHs). To obtain the CSH filler, liquid sodium glass was used with a silicate module of 1.53–2.9 and a density of 1130–1663 kg/m3. Using differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, synthesized calcium silicate hydrates, as well as dry plaster mixes, and finishing coatings based on using them were studied. The regularities of the filler synthesis were established depending on the temperature, density, and silicate modulus of liquid glass, the amount of the precipitant additive, the rate of its introduction, and the drying mode. As a result of processing the obtained experimental data, a mathematical model was obtained for the composition “lime + CSH”. The phase composition of the filler was revealed, which is characterized by the presence of calcium silicate hydrates of the tobermorite group, a solid solution CSH (B) in the form of a weakly crystallized gel, a solid solution of C–S–H (II), hydrohalites, and calcites. It was found that the use of the fillers into the lime compositions, obtained with the rapid introduction of CaCl2 additive into water glass during the synthesis of the filler, promotes the acceleration of the plastic strength gain of lime compositions. It was revealed that the lime composites with the CSH filler are characterized by reduced shrinkage deformations up to 45%. The introduction of the CSH filler into the lime compositions increases the water resistance of the lime finishing layer by 36%. A technological scheme for the production of the lime dry plaster mixes has been developed; it can be introduced at existing factories of building materials without significant re-equipment of production.

ACS Style

Valentina Loganina; Kristina Sergeeva; Roman Fediuk; Valery Uvarov; Nikolai Vatin; Yuriy Vasilev; Mugahed Amran; Maciej Szelag. Increase the Performances of Lime Finishing Mixes Due to Modification with Calcium Silicate Hydrates. Crystals 2021, 11, 399 .

AMA Style

Valentina Loganina, Kristina Sergeeva, Roman Fediuk, Valery Uvarov, Nikolai Vatin, Yuriy Vasilev, Mugahed Amran, Maciej Szelag. Increase the Performances of Lime Finishing Mixes Due to Modification with Calcium Silicate Hydrates. Crystals. 2021; 11 (4):399.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valentina Loganina; Kristina Sergeeva; Roman Fediuk; Valery Uvarov; Nikolai Vatin; Yuriy Vasilev; Mugahed Amran; Maciej Szelag. 2021. "Increase the Performances of Lime Finishing Mixes Due to Modification with Calcium Silicate Hydrates." Crystals 11, no. 4: 399.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Crystals
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Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) rebar has drawbacks that can limit its scope, such as poor heat resistance, decrease its strength over time, and under the influence of substances with an alkaline medium, as well as the drawback of a low modulus of elasticity and deformation. Thus, the aim of the article is the nano- and micro-modification of building reinforcing bars using FRP rebars made of basalt fibers, which were impregnated with a thermosetting polymer binder with micro- or nanoparticles. The research discusses the major results of the developed composite reinforcement with the addition of micro- and nanosized particles. The microstructure of FRP has been studied using scanning electron microscopy. It was revealed that dispersion-strengthened polymer composites with the inclusion of microsilica (SiO2) and nanosized aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles have a much higher modulus of elasticity and strength when compared with the original polymer materials. In the course of the experiment, we also studied the retained plastic properties that are characterized by the absence of fragility. However, it was found that the high strength of materials was attained with a particle size of 10–500 nm, evenly distributed in the matrix, with an average distance between particles of 100–500 nm. It was also exhibited that composite reinforcement had improved the adhesion characteristics in comparison with both steel reinforcement (1.5–2 times, depending on the diameter), and with traditional unmodified FRP rebar (about 1.5 times). Thus, the use of micro-/nanosized powders increased the limit of the possible temperature range for the use and application of polymeric materials by almost two times, up to 286–320 °C, which will undoubtedly expand the range of the technological applications of products made of these materials.

ACS Style

Aleksandr Rudenko; Alexander Biryukov; Oleg Kerzhentsev; Roman Fediuk; Nikolai Vatin; Yuriy Vasilev; Sergey Klyuev; Mugahed Amran; Maciej Szelag. Nano- and Micro-Modification of Building Reinforcing Bars of Various Types. Crystals 2021, 11, 323 .

AMA Style

Aleksandr Rudenko, Alexander Biryukov, Oleg Kerzhentsev, Roman Fediuk, Nikolai Vatin, Yuriy Vasilev, Sergey Klyuev, Mugahed Amran, Maciej Szelag. Nano- and Micro-Modification of Building Reinforcing Bars of Various Types. Crystals. 2021; 11 (4):323.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aleksandr Rudenko; Alexander Biryukov; Oleg Kerzhentsev; Roman Fediuk; Nikolai Vatin; Yuriy Vasilev; Sergey Klyuev; Mugahed Amran; Maciej Szelag. 2021. "Nano- and Micro-Modification of Building Reinforcing Bars of Various Types." Crystals 11, no. 4: 323.

Journal article
Published: 24 November 2020 in Materials
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Industrial waste from the production of metallic silicon and silicon–iron alloys, which includes silica fumes (microsilica), is subject to numerous applications aiming at its reuse in concrete and polymeric composites. Recycling solves the problem of their storage and adverse environmental impact. Six different formulas of epoxy resins were tested, differing in the type of polymer, the mixing process (sonication or not) and the presence of microsilica. The study showed that microsilica added to the epoxy resin changes its viscosity and free surface energy, and these are the parameters that determine the adhesion of the polymer to the concrete surface. Strength tests and SEM analysis have determined how microsilica molecules can penetrate the structure of polymer macromolecules by filling and forming temporary chemical bonds. Mixing the fillers with the adhesive was achieved by using a sonication process. The analysis of the obtained results showed that, depending on the initial composition of the polymer, the addition of microsilica can change the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the hardened adhesive to varying degrees. In the case of adhesives used in the construction industry to strengthen and glue structural elements, these changes significantly affect the durability of the adhesive joints.

ACS Style

Andrzej Szewczak; Maciej Szeląg. Physico-Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Epoxy Adhesives Modified by Microsilica and Sonication Process. Materials 2020, 13, 5310 .

AMA Style

Andrzej Szewczak, Maciej Szeląg. Physico-Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Epoxy Adhesives Modified by Microsilica and Sonication Process. Materials. 2020; 13 (23):5310.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrzej Szewczak; Maciej Szeląg. 2020. "Physico-Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Epoxy Adhesives Modified by Microsilica and Sonication Process." Materials 13, no. 23: 5310.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2020 in Cement and Concrete Composites
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The paper presents the results of the analysis of the thermal cracking patterns and fracture zone of microsilica-modified cement matrix made of the low-alkali cement. The material was subjected to a two-stage thermal load. To identify cracks an original, the image double-segmentation procedure, using machine learning algorithms was developed. To characterize the cracks structure, the fractal geometry was applied, measuring the fractal dimension of the cracking patterns. Moreover, the total crack area and the crack density were analyzed. In the case of the fracture line analysis the fractal dimension was examined in two variants. The applied parameters allowed to describe the complexity degree of the surface cracks structure. The process of development of thermal cracks caused by repeated thermal loading was also characterized. The obtained results showed strong correlation between the tensile strength, fractal dimension of the cracking pattern and crack density. Knowledge in this area allows to estimate mechanical properties of the cement matrix on the basis of measurement and evaluation of morphology of the thermal cracking patterns.

ACS Style

Maciej Szeląg. Fractal characterization of thermal cracking patterns and fracture zone in low-alkali cement matrix modified with microsilica. Cement and Concrete Composites 2020, 114, 103732 .

AMA Style

Maciej Szeląg. Fractal characterization of thermal cracking patterns and fracture zone in low-alkali cement matrix modified with microsilica. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2020; 114 ():103732.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maciej Szeląg. 2020. "Fractal characterization of thermal cracking patterns and fracture zone in low-alkali cement matrix modified with microsilica." Cement and Concrete Composites 114, no. : 103732.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2020 in Sensors
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The paper presents an original approach to the localization and analysis of the cracking patterns of cement composites. The lime cement matrix modified with microsilica was evaluated under a two-phase thermal load. For quantitative detection and analysis of thermal cracks, an image-processing method was applied. For this purpose, an original image double-segmentation method was developed using machine-learning algorithms. Among other things, the fractal analysis was used to describe the morphology and the thermal evolution of the cracking patterns. The basic mechanical characteristics were examined and the results indicated a very high correlation between tensile strength and all cracking patterns’ parameters. This allows high-quality estimation of the mechanical properties of the lime cement matrix to be carried out on the basis of measurement and evaluation of morphology of the thermal cracking patterns. Knowledge in this field contributes to the development of non-destructive testing methods in cement composites technology, in terms of localization of and tracking the cracking patterns.

ACS Style

Maciej Szeląg. Application of an Automated Digital Image-Processing Method for Quantitative Assessment of Cracking Patterns in a Lime Cement Matrix. Sensors 2020, 20, 3859 .

AMA Style

Maciej Szeląg. Application of an Automated Digital Image-Processing Method for Quantitative Assessment of Cracking Patterns in a Lime Cement Matrix. Sensors. 2020; 20 (14):3859.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maciej Szeląg. 2020. "Application of an Automated Digital Image-Processing Method for Quantitative Assessment of Cracking Patterns in a Lime Cement Matrix." Sensors 20, no. 14: 3859.

Review
Published: 29 May 2020 in Materials
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The structure and the development degree of a cracking pattern has a key impact on the durability of cement composites. This literature review focuses on the four most important aspects related to the evaluation of the surface cracking patterns, i.e., the process of formation, propagation and evolution of cracks into a branched system of cracks from the point of view of the fracture mechanics; the detection techniques of the cracking patterns on the surface of cement composites, where the tools of computer image analysis are the most used; parameters which can quantify the development degree and morphology of the cracks system; and also the influence of a cracking pattern on the functional features of cement composites. The studies described so far indicate the necessity of continuous development of this research area, because the knowledge of key relationships between the cracking patterns and functional properties of a cement composite is necessary to estimate the degree of material degradation. Researchers agree that the works carried out in the field of evaluation of the cracking patterns, to a large extent, contributes to the development of non-destructive testing methods in the field of cement composites technology.

ACS Style

Maciej Szeląg. Evaluation of Cracking Patterns in Cement Composites—From Basics to Advances: A Review. Materials 2020, 13, 2490 .

AMA Style

Maciej Szeląg. Evaluation of Cracking Patterns in Cement Composites—From Basics to Advances: A Review. Materials. 2020; 13 (11):2490.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maciej Szeląg. 2020. "Evaluation of Cracking Patterns in Cement Composites—From Basics to Advances: A Review." Materials 13, no. 11: 2490.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2019 in Materials
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The research presented in this paper presents a quantitative analysis of cracking patterns on the surface of cement paste, which has been modified by the addition of the multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The cracking patterns analyzed were created as a result of increased temperature load. MWCNTs were used as an aqueous dispersion in the presence of a surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Four series of the cement paste were tested, and the samples differed in the water/cement (w/c) ratio, cement class, and the presence of MWCNTs. Image analysis tools were used to quantify the cracking patterns and it was proposed to measure parameters, such as the average cluster area, average cluster perimeter, average crack width, and crack density. In order to facilitate the image analysis process, the sample surface was subjected to preparation and using statistical analysis tools it was assessed whether the method of surface preparation affects the way the sample is cracked. The paper also presents the analysis of the relationships that occur between parameters describing the cracking patterns, and also with the physico-mechanical properties of the cement pastes. It was attempted to explain the dependencies using elements of fractal theory and the theory of dispersion systems.

ACS Style

Maciej Szeląg. Properties of Cracking Patterns of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Cement Matrix. Materials 2019, 12, 2942 .

AMA Style

Maciej Szeląg. Properties of Cracking Patterns of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Cement Matrix. Materials. 2019; 12 (18):2942.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maciej Szeląg. 2019. "Properties of Cracking Patterns of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Cement Matrix." Materials 12, no. 18: 2942.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2019 in Materials
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The paper describes a new model of concrete production, which contains a glass cullet. A worn-out car side window have been used for the production of recycled glass aggregate (RGA) and its properties were examined. The RGA was used in concrete as a 50% and 100% mass substitute of the traditional aggregate. Basic tests of fresh concrete mix and hardened concrete were carried out. The consistency, the air content in the concrete mix, the density of hardened concrete, water absorption, water resistance, frost resistance, and the compressive strength (after 9, 28, and 90 days) were evaluated. Composite samples were also subjected to microscopic analysis. The results showed that the RGA can be recommended as an aggregate for concretes, and the features of the RGA concrete are more favorable than those of traditional concrete. The microscopic analyses allowed us to identify the reasons for improving the properties of the RGA composites.

ACS Style

Maciej Szeląg; Bartosz Zegardło; Wojciech Andrzejuk. The Use of Fragmented, Worn-Out Car Side Windows as an Aggregate for Cementitious Composites. Materials 2019, 12, 1467 .

AMA Style

Maciej Szeląg, Bartosz Zegardło, Wojciech Andrzejuk. The Use of Fragmented, Worn-Out Car Side Windows as an Aggregate for Cementitious Composites. Materials. 2019; 12 (9):1467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maciej Szeląg; Bartosz Zegardło; Wojciech Andrzejuk. 2019. "The Use of Fragmented, Worn-Out Car Side Windows as an Aggregate for Cementitious Composites." Materials 12, no. 9: 1467.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2019 in Composite Structures
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The article analyzes cracking patterns on the surface of a cement matrix modified with polypropylene fibers. Cracks analyzed were caused by the effect of an elevated temperature. In order to quantify cracking patterns, image analysis tools were used to define three stereological parameters. In total, 4 series of samples were tested, two of them were modified with polypropylene fibers. In each individual series the samples were made with a variable w/c ratio, which was equal to 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 respectively. A microstructure analysis was also carried out using a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray microanalyser. The results obtained allowed to determine the impact of polypropylene fibers on the geometry of thermal cracks of pastes, which was largely dependent on the class of the cement used. The elements of the theory of dispersion systems were used to explain the ongoing relationship.

ACS Style

Maciej Szeląg. Evaluation of cracking patterns of cement paste containing polypropylene fibers. Composite Structures 2019, 220, 402 -411.

AMA Style

Maciej Szeląg. Evaluation of cracking patterns of cement paste containing polypropylene fibers. Composite Structures. 2019; 220 ():402-411.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maciej Szeląg. 2019. "Evaluation of cracking patterns of cement paste containing polypropylene fibers." Composite Structures 220, no. : 402-411.

Conference paper
Published: 19 March 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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The article presents and evaluates the dependencies that occur between the parameters describing the geometry of cracking patterns on the sample's surface and the selected physico-mechanical properties of cement pastes with the addition of microsilica. The stereological parameters obtained with the use of image analysis were applied to the quantitative description of cracking patterns; also the compressive and tensile strength as well as the apparent density were examined. Cracks analyzed in the surface were caused by loading the samples with an elevated temperature. The relationships were calculated using the least squares method, and the quality of the fit of the model curves to the experimental data was evaluated on the basis of the diagnostic statistics. The results obtained indicated the existence of very strong relations between the geometry of cracking patterns and selected material features of the cement matrix. The analysis carried out is also of a great practical importance as it can help in assessing the degree of degradation of a cement structure exposed to elevated temperatures.

ACS Style

M Szeląg; A Szewczak. Dependencies between Cracking Patterns and the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Microsilica Modified Cement Matrix. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 484, 012015 .

AMA Style

M Szeląg, A Szewczak. Dependencies between Cracking Patterns and the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Microsilica Modified Cement Matrix. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 484 (1):012015.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M Szeląg; A Szewczak. 2019. "Dependencies between Cracking Patterns and the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Microsilica Modified Cement Matrix." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 484, no. 1: 012015.

Conference paper
Published: 19 March 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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The polymers engineering is a dynamically developing branch of technology. The main research directions are the search for new polymers and methods for modifying existing ones. Among the extensive group of polymers, construction, coating, and adhesive polymers are the most commonly used in the construction industry. The last family includes the epoxy resins that are used to combine two or more materials with different properties. Under the influence of the hardening agent (catalyst or temperature), the polymers are cross-linking to obtain a solid form. During the gluing process, the most important aspect is the resin preparation procedure and the state of the surface to which it will be applied. The adhesion of the resin to the substrate, the effectiveness and durability of the resulting mixture depend on three factors: resin's composition, viscosity, and adhesive parameters of hardened resin. The paper contains the research results aimed at modification of the epoxy resin using inorganic fillers: microsilica and carbon nanotubes. An epoxy resin is commonly used for e.g., reinforcing structural elements. Ultrasounds were used as a disintegrating agent of the liquid resin structure, allowing mixing it with the filler. The effect of sonication and fillers on the viscosity of the resin at 22 °C was determined. Next, the free surface energy was evaluated, which is the factor determining the final adhesion. Based on the results obtained, the phenomena occurring at the interface between the liquid phase of the resin and the solid phase of the fillers were explained.

ACS Style

As Zewczak; Ms Zeląg. Viscosity and Free Surface Energy as Parameters Describing the Adhesion of the Epoxy Resin to the Substrate. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 484, 012003 .

AMA Style

As Zewczak, Ms Zeląg. Viscosity and Free Surface Energy as Parameters Describing the Adhesion of the Epoxy Resin to the Substrate. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 484 (1):012003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

As Zewczak; Ms Zeląg. 2019. "Viscosity and Free Surface Energy as Parameters Describing the Adhesion of the Epoxy Resin to the Substrate." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 484, no. 1: 012003.

Conference paper
Published: 23 February 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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The paper presents the dependencies assessment that occur between physico-mechanical properties, and the parameters describing the geometry of thermal cracks of modified cement pastes. The subject of the research is cement paste modified with metakaolinite, which has been subjected to the influence of an elevated temperature. The pozzolanic additive was used as a substitute for 10% of the cement's mass. Four series of cement pastes were analyzed, which differed from each other with the class of Portland cement used and the metakaolinite content. Within each series, samples were made with 3 water/binder ratios equal to 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, respectively. As part of the earlier research, the basic physical and mechanical features of the cement matrix were determined, such as: compressive strength, tensile strength at bending, and apparent density. The tests were carried out in accordance with EN standards on reference and thermally loaded samples. The elevated temperature load caused cracks on the surface of the cement matrix, which created a characteristic network of cracks referred to as the cluster cracks – the thermal cracks – the map cracking. The computer image analysis tools were used to quantify the cracks' structure. The samples' surfaces were scanned and the following parameters were determined: the cluster average area, the cluster average perimeter, and the crack average width. The aim of the study conducted was to determine whether on the basis of the measurement of the geometrical characteristics of thermal cracks it is possible to estimate with a good accuracy selected physico-mechanical properties of modified cement pastes. The measurement of geometrical features of material's cracks is a non-destructive and non-invasive method, in contrast to tests aimed at determining, in particular, the mechanical properties. The statistical analysis tool, i.e., the least squares method (LSM) was used to define dependencies that occur between material properties and the geometry of thermal cracks. The quality of matching the calculated functional dependencies to the empirical data was evaluated using three diagnostic statistics: the determination coefficient, the standard error of estimation, and the coefficient of random variation. The results obtained indicated the existence of very strong correlations between the compressive strength, apparent density, and the cracks' geometrical parameters. This allows an accurate estimation of these two material characteristics based on the analysis of the cement paste surface cracks, which has been subjected to elevated temperatures. The analyzes carried out are also of great practical importance because the results obtained can be used to assess the degree of degradation of a cementitious material that has been damaged due to a thermal interaction.

ACS Style

Maciej Szeląg; Andrzej Szewczak. Evaluation of Dependencies between Physico-Mechanical Properties and the Thermal Cracks’ Geometry of Cement Pastes Modified with Metakaolinite Using the LSM Method. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 471, 032071 .

AMA Style

Maciej Szeląg, Andrzej Szewczak. Evaluation of Dependencies between Physico-Mechanical Properties and the Thermal Cracks’ Geometry of Cement Pastes Modified with Metakaolinite Using the LSM Method. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 471 (3):032071.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maciej Szeląg; Andrzej Szewczak. 2019. "Evaluation of Dependencies between Physico-Mechanical Properties and the Thermal Cracks’ Geometry of Cement Pastes Modified with Metakaolinite Using the LSM Method." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 471, no. 3: 032071.

Conference paper
Published: 23 February 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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The material engineering of composites is currently one of the fastest growing fields of the technology. Research in this discipline currently focuses on two basic directions: a search for completely new materials and methods of modifying the properties of already known materials. Among the study belonging to the second group, research on the properties and modifications of polymers is a particularly dynamically developing field. Commonly, the most often used polymer types in construction engineering are: construction, coating, and adhesive polymers. The last group includes the so-called resins, e.g., epoxy, phenol, polyester, formaldehyde, and mixtures of these polymers. Their use is focused at combining construction materials, i.e. to strengthen structural elements. Their hardening process can be caused by two factors – the hardener (chemohardening polymers) or higher temperature (thermohardening polymers). These processes cause its cross-linking, i.e. the production of a crystallized resin structure to a permanent form. The conditions in which the resin was prepared have a big impact on its adhesion to the substrate during its application on the glued surfaces (early resin adhesion). This parameter largely depends on two important factors: the chemical composition of the resin and its viscosity. Changes of viscosity can have a measurable effect on the final effect of gluing. The following elaboration includes the results of modification tests of an epoxy resin with the addition of two inorganic fillers: microsilica (in the amount of 0.5% of resin weight) and carbon nanotubes (in the amount of 0.1% of resin mass). The epoxy resin commonly used in engineering for joining steel, concrete, carbon fiber, and glass elements was used. In addition, the ultrasound energy was used as a factor, which disintegrated the initial structure of the resin in liquid form and allowed the efficient mixingofthe resin with the filler. The influence of sonication and filler additives on the viscosity of the resin at temperature of 22 °C was determined. Based on the results obtained and observation of the ultrasound effect, the phenomena occurring at the interface of the liquid phase of the resin and the phase of individual fillers were explained. The increase of temperature of the resin under the influence of a dynamic action occurring during sonication was taken into account. The study conducted was the preliminary phase before investigating the influence of the modifications applied on the physical and mechanical parameters of the hardened resin.

ACS Style

Andrzej Szewczak; Maciej Szelag. Modifications of Epoxy Resins and their Influence on their Viscosity. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 471, 022038 .

AMA Style

Andrzej Szewczak, Maciej Szelag. Modifications of Epoxy Resins and their Influence on their Viscosity. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 471 (2):022038.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrzej Szewczak; Maciej Szelag. 2019. "Modifications of Epoxy Resins and their Influence on their Viscosity." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 471, no. 2: 022038.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2018 in Materials
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The paper evaluates the cracking patterns created on the surface of a microsilica-modified cement matrix, which has been subjected to exposure at elevated temperatures. To do this, image analysis techniques were used, and the structure of the cracks was described by the stereological parameters. Four series of specimens were tested and in two of them, microsilica was used as a 10% replacement for the cement content. Using the theory of dispersion systems, the factors affecting the cracks’ characteristics were identified. Additionally, the development process of cracking patterns due to the thermal interaction was schematically modeled. In addition, the analysis of the local microstructure of the cement matrix was performed by means of a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.

ACS Style

Maciej Szeląg. Development of Cracking Patterns in Modified Cement Matrix with Microsilica. Materials 2018, 11, 1928 .

AMA Style

Maciej Szeląg. Development of Cracking Patterns in Modified Cement Matrix with Microsilica. Materials. 2018; 11 (10):1928.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maciej Szeląg. 2018. "Development of Cracking Patterns in Modified Cement Matrix with Microsilica." Materials 11, no. 10: 1928.

Journal article
Published: 21 September 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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The article evaluates the structure of thermal cracks created on the surface of cement paste. The samples were loaded with an elevated temperature of 250 °C. Due to the volumetric deformations and increasing water vapor pressure, thermal cracks appeared on the material’s surface. The analysis was performed using the computer image analysis; three stereological parameters were proposed for the description of the cracks’ structure: the cluster average area (A-), the cluster average perimeter (L-), and the crack average width (I-). The aim of the research was to determine how the geometry of the thermal cracks changes in a situation in which the shape and size of the sample changes. The tests were carried out in two variants: in the first the sample’s width was variable, and in the second – its height. Using the least squares method (LSM), the dependencies that occur between the sample’s size and the geometry of the cracks were developed. Considering cement paste as a highly concentrated dispersion system, an attempt was made to identify factors shaping the cracks’ structure due to the change in the size of the sample. The considerations were supplemented with microstructural investigations using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a X-ray microanalyzer (EDS). The cluster structures were analyzed at a lower level of observation; there were no significant differences in the composition of cement paste, which confirmed its high chemical and thermal stability in the studied temperature range.

ACS Style

Maciej Szeląg. Influence of specimen’s shape and size on the thermal cracks’ geometry of cement paste. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 189, 1155 -1172.

AMA Style

Maciej Szeląg. Influence of specimen’s shape and size on the thermal cracks’ geometry of cement paste. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 189 ():1155-1172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maciej Szeląg. 2018. "Influence of specimen’s shape and size on the thermal cracks’ geometry of cement paste." Construction and Building Materials 189, no. : 1155-1172.

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Published: 14 July 2018 in Materials
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The paper presents an analysis of the possibility of using glass waste from worn out lighting materials as an aggregate for a polymer concrete. Glass waste was obtained from the company utilizing glass lighting elements, which was then subjected to crushing. The aggregate obtained was subjected to the tests of basic features, which were compared with aggregates that are traditionally applied to concretes. The next stage of the research program was the production of a polymer concrete that contained glass aggregate. Several types of mixtures were prepared in which glass waste was combined in various proportions with traditional sand–gravel aggregate. As a part of the research, the basic physical and mechanical characteristics of polymer concretes were determined. The microstructure of composites was also analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The results of the research have shown that the aggregate obtained from glass waste can be successfully used for the production of a polymer concrete. The most beneficial physico-mechanical properties were obtained for a composite in which glass waste was used as a 50% substitute for traditional aggregate.

ACS Style

Bartosz Zegardło; Maciej Szeląg; Paweł Ogrodnik; Antoni Bombik. Physico-Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Polymer Concrete with Recycled Glass Aggregate. Materials 2018, 11, 1213 .

AMA Style

Bartosz Zegardło, Maciej Szeląg, Paweł Ogrodnik, Antoni Bombik. Physico-Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Polymer Concrete with Recycled Glass Aggregate. Materials. 2018; 11 (7):1213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bartosz Zegardło; Maciej Szeląg; Paweł Ogrodnik; Antoni Bombik. 2018. "Physico-Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Polymer Concrete with Recycled Glass Aggregate." Materials 11, no. 7: 1213.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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Bartosz Zegardlo; Maciej Szeląg; Paweł Ogrodnik. Concrete resistant to spalling made with recycled aggregate from sanitary ceramic wastes – The effect of moisture and porosity on destructive processes occurring in fire conditions. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 173, 58 -68.

AMA Style

Bartosz Zegardlo, Maciej Szeląg, Paweł Ogrodnik. Concrete resistant to spalling made with recycled aggregate from sanitary ceramic wastes – The effect of moisture and porosity on destructive processes occurring in fire conditions. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 173 ():58-68.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bartosz Zegardlo; Maciej Szeląg; Paweł Ogrodnik. 2018. "Concrete resistant to spalling made with recycled aggregate from sanitary ceramic wastes – The effect of moisture and porosity on destructive processes occurring in fire conditions." Construction and Building Materials 173, no. : 58-68.