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Daniele Zaccaria
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA

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Journal article
Published: 21 April 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a crucial role for soil health. However, large datasets needed to accurately assess SOC at high resolution across scales are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive. Ancillary geodata, including remote sensing spectral indices (RS-SIs) and topographic indicators (TIs), have been proposed as spatial covariates. Reported relationships between SOC and RS-SIs are erratic, possibly because single-date RS-SIs do not accurately capture SOC spatial variability due to transient confounding factors in the soil (e.g., moisture). However, multitemporal RS-SI data analysis may lead to noise reduction in SOC versus RS-SI relationships. This study aimed at: i) comparing single-date versus multitemporal RS-Sis derived from Sentinel-2 imagery for assessment of topsoil (0–0.2 m) SOC in two agricultural fields located in south-eastern Brazil; ii) comparing the performance of RS-SIs and TIs; iii) using adequate RS-SIs and TIs to compare sampling schemes defined on different collection grids; and iv) studying the temporal changes of SOC (0–0.2 m and 0.2–0.4 m). Results showed that: i) single-date RS-SIs were not reliable proxies for topsoil SOC at the study sites. For most of the tested RS-SIs, multitemporal data analysis produced accurate proxies for SOC; e.g., for the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, the 4.5th multitemporal percentile predicted SOC with an R2 of 0.64; ii) The best TI was elevation (ranging from 643 to 684 m) with an R2 of 0.70; iii) The multitemporal SI and elevation maps indicated that the different sampling schemes were equally representative of the topsoil SOC's distribution across the entire area; and iv) From 2012 through 2019, topsoil SOC increased from 19.3 to 24.1 g kg−1. The ratio between SOC in the topsoil and subsoil (0.2–0.4 m) decreased from 1.7 to 1.1. Further testing of the proposed multitemporal RS-SI analysis is necessary to confirm its dependability for SOC assessment in Brazil and elsewhere.

ACS Style

Renata Teixeira De Almeida Minhoni; Elia Scudiero; Daniele Zaccaria; João Carlos Cury Saad. Multitemporal satellite imagery analysis for soil organic carbon assessment in an agricultural farm in southeastern Brazil. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 784, 147216 .

AMA Style

Renata Teixeira De Almeida Minhoni, Elia Scudiero, Daniele Zaccaria, João Carlos Cury Saad. Multitemporal satellite imagery analysis for soil organic carbon assessment in an agricultural farm in southeastern Brazil. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 784 ():147216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Renata Teixeira De Almeida Minhoni; Elia Scudiero; Daniele Zaccaria; João Carlos Cury Saad. 2021. "Multitemporal satellite imagery analysis for soil organic carbon assessment in an agricultural farm in southeastern Brazil." Science of The Total Environment 784, no. : 147216.

Review
Published: 01 May 2020 in Water
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Many agricultural production areas worldwide are characterized by high variability of water supply conditions, or simply lack of water, creating a dependence on irrigation since Neolithic times. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the evolution of irrigation of agricultural lands worldwide, based on bibliographical research focusing on ancient water management techniques and ingenious irrigation practices and their associated land management practices. In ancient Egypt, regular flooding by the Nile River meant that early agriculture probably consisted of planting seeds in soils that had been recently covered and fertilized with floodwater and silt deposits. On the other hand, in arid and semi-arid regions farmers made use of perennial springs and seasonal runoff under circumstances altogether different from the river civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and early dynasties in China. We review irrigation practices in all major irrigation regions through the centuries. Emphasis is given to the Bronze Age civilizations (Minoans, Egyptians, and Indus valley), pre-Columbian, civilizations from the historic times (e.g., Chinese, Hellenic, and Roman), late-Columbians (e.g., Aztecs and Incas) and Byzantines, as well as to Ottomans and Arabs. The implications and impacts of irrigation techniques on modern management of water resources, as well as on irrigated agriculture, are also considered and discussed. Finally, some current major agricultural water management challenges are outlined, concluding that ancient practices could be adapted to cope with present challenges in irrigated agriculture for increasing productivity and sustainability.

ACS Style

Andreas N. Angelakιs; Daniele Zaccaria; Jens Krasilnikoff; Miquel Salgot; Mohamed Bazza; Paolo Roccaro; Blanca Jimenez; Arun Kumar; Wang Yinghua; Alper Baba; Jessica Anne Harrison; Andrea Garduno-Jimenez; Elias Fereres. Irrigation of World Agricultural Lands: Evolution through the Millennia. Water 2020, 12, 1285 .

AMA Style

Andreas N. Angelakιs, Daniele Zaccaria, Jens Krasilnikoff, Miquel Salgot, Mohamed Bazza, Paolo Roccaro, Blanca Jimenez, Arun Kumar, Wang Yinghua, Alper Baba, Jessica Anne Harrison, Andrea Garduno-Jimenez, Elias Fereres. Irrigation of World Agricultural Lands: Evolution through the Millennia. Water. 2020; 12 (5):1285.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreas N. Angelakιs; Daniele Zaccaria; Jens Krasilnikoff; Miquel Salgot; Mohamed Bazza; Paolo Roccaro; Blanca Jimenez; Arun Kumar; Wang Yinghua; Alper Baba; Jessica Anne Harrison; Andrea Garduno-Jimenez; Elias Fereres. 2020. "Irrigation of World Agricultural Lands: Evolution through the Millennia." Water 12, no. 5: 1285.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Evapotranspiration is the transfer of water from the earth's surface to the atmosphere. It comprises the sum of water losses to atmosphere due to the processes of evaporation of moisture from soil, water bodies and wet plant canopies, and the transpiration of water from plants. Forecasts of this crucial component of the hydrologic cycle can be very valuable for growers, farm managers, irrigation practitioners, water resource planners and managers, and reservoir operators for their planning, allocation, delivery and scheduling decisions, as well as to hydrologic scientists for research purposes. Verifying the reliability of models’ forecasts is among the critical tasks for development and performance evaluation of physical models. In fact, the verification allows understanding the models’ behavior, and evaluating their applicability and dependability. The US National Weather Service (NWS) has released a product that provides forecasts of reference evapotranspiration (FRET) at 2.5-km grid resolution for the entire continental US. In this study, a comparison is made between ETo estimates from FRET and ETo values calculated by the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) for 68 days during summer 2019. Both the FRET forecasts and ETo values were obtained from NWS and CIMIS, respectively, on the basis of 15 CIMIS locations that are representative of different climatic conditions in California. In addition, air temperature, dew point temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) data were also collected/calculated from the NWS and CIMIS websites to analyze the sensitivity of FRET forecasts to predictions of these parameters. All FRET forecasts were performed with timescales of 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Statistical indices were calculated to assess the dependability of FRET values. They showed a good correlation of the FRET model outputs with CIMIS ETo data, with some differences depending on the climatic characteristics of selected weather stations’ locations, suggesting that FRET data could be valuable for anticipating near-future water demand and improve irrigation management in California.

ACS Style

Ghaieth Ben Hamouda; Francesca Ventura; Daniele Zaccaria; Khaled M. Bali; Richard L. Snyder. Comparison between forecasts of reference evapotranspiration and ETo values calculated using data from different climatic conditions. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Ghaieth Ben Hamouda, Francesca Ventura, Daniele Zaccaria, Khaled M. Bali, Richard L. Snyder. Comparison between forecasts of reference evapotranspiration and ETo values calculated using data from different climatic conditions. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ghaieth Ben Hamouda; Francesca Ventura; Daniele Zaccaria; Khaled M. Bali; Richard L. Snyder. 2020. "Comparison between forecasts of reference evapotranspiration and ETo values calculated using data from different climatic conditions." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2019 in Water
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A surface energy balance model was conceived to estimate crop transpiration and soil evaporation in orchards and vineyards where the floor is partially wetted by micro-irrigation systems. The proposed surface energy balance model for partial wetting (SEB-PW) builds upon previous multiple-layer modelling approaches to estimate the latent, sensible, and soil heat fluxes, while partitioning the total evapotranspiration ( E T ) into dry and wet soil evaporation ( λ E s o i l ) and crop transpiration ( T ). The model estimates the energy balance and flux resistances for the evaporation from dry and wet soil areas below the canopy, evaporation from dry and wet soil areas between plant rows, crop transpiration, and total crop E T . This article describes the model development, sensitivity analysis and a preliminary model evaluation. The evaluation shows that simulated hourly E T values have a good correlation with field measurements conducted with the surface renewal method and micro-lysimeter measurements in a micro-irrigated winegrape vineyard of Northern California for a range of fractional crop canopy cover conditions. Evaluation showed that hourly L E estimates had root mean square error ( R M S E ) of 58.6 W m−2, mean absolute error ( M A E ) of 35.6 W m−2, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient ( C N S ) of 0.85, and index of agreement ( d a ) of 0.94. Daily soil evaporation ( E s ) estimations had R M S E of 0.30 mm d−1, M A E of 0.24 mm d−1, C N S of 0.87, and d a of 0.94. E s estimation had a coefficient of determination ( r 2 ) of 0.95, when compared with the micro-lysimeter measurements, which showed that E s can reach values from 28% to 46% of the total E T after an irrigation event. The proposed SEB-PW model can be used to estimate the effect and significance of soil evaporation from wet and dry soil areas on the total E T , and to inform water balance studies for optimizing irrigation management. Further evaluation is needed to test the model in other partially wetted orchards and to test the model performance during all growing seasons and for different environmental conditions.

ACS Style

Camilo Souto; Octavio Lagos; Eduardo Holzapfel; Mahesh Lal Maskey; Lynn Wunderlich; Kristen Shapiro; Giulia Marino; Richard Snyder; Daniele Zaccaria. A Modified Surface Energy Balance to Estimate Crop Transpiration and Soil Evaporation in Micro-Irrigated Orchards. Water 2019, 11, 1747 .

AMA Style

Camilo Souto, Octavio Lagos, Eduardo Holzapfel, Mahesh Lal Maskey, Lynn Wunderlich, Kristen Shapiro, Giulia Marino, Richard Snyder, Daniele Zaccaria. A Modified Surface Energy Balance to Estimate Crop Transpiration and Soil Evaporation in Micro-Irrigated Orchards. Water. 2019; 11 (9):1747.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Camilo Souto; Octavio Lagos; Eduardo Holzapfel; Mahesh Lal Maskey; Lynn Wunderlich; Kristen Shapiro; Giulia Marino; Richard Snyder; Daniele Zaccaria. 2019. "A Modified Surface Energy Balance to Estimate Crop Transpiration and Soil Evaporation in Micro-Irrigated Orchards." Water 11, no. 9: 1747.

Journal article
Published: 12 April 2019 in Agriculture
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In California, a significant percentage of the pistachio acreage is in the San Joaquin Valley on saline and saline-sodic soils. However, irrigation management practices in commercial pistachio production are based on water-use information developed nearly two decades ago from experiments conducted in non-saline orchards sprinkler-irrigated with good quality water. No information is currently available that quantify the effect of salinity or combined salinity and sodicity on water use of micro-irrigated pistachio orchards, even though such information would help growers schedule irrigations and control soil salinity through leaching. To fill this gap, a field research study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 to measure the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from commercial pistachio orchards grown on non-saline and saline-sodic soils in the southern portion of the San Joaquin Valley of California. The study aimed at investigating the functional relations between soil salinity/sodicity and tree performance, and understanding the mechanisms regulating water-use reduction under saline and saline-sodic conditions. Pistachio ETa was measured with the residual of energy balance method using a combination of surface renewal and eddy covariance equipment. Saline and saline-sodic conditions in the soil adversely affected tree performance with different intensity. The analysis of field data showed that ETa, light interception by the tree canopy, and nut yield were highly and linearly related (r2 > 0.9). Moving from non-saline to saline and saline-sodic conditions, the canopy light interception decreased from 75% (non-saline) to around 50% (saline) and 30% (saline-sodic), and ETa decreased by 32% to 46% relative to the non-saline orchard. In saline-sodic soils, the nut yield resulted around 50% lower than that of non-saline orchard. A statistical analysis performed on the correlations between soil physical-chemical parameters and selected tree performance indicators (ETa, light interception, and nut yield) revealed that the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) adversely affected tree performance more than the soil electrical conductivity (ECe). Results suggest that secondary effects of sodicity (i.e., degradation of soil structure, possibly leading to poor soil aeration and root hypoxia) might have had a stronger impact on pistachio performance than did salinity in the long term. The information presented in this paper can help pistachio growers and farm managers better tailor irrigation water allocation and management to site-specific orchard conditions (e.g., canopy features and soil-water salinity/sodicity), and potentially lead to water and energy savings through improved irrigation management practices.

ACS Style

Giulia Marino; Daniele Zaccaria; Richard L. Snyder; Octavio Lagos; Bruce D. Lampinen; Louise Ferguson; Stephen R. Grattan; Cayle Little; Kristen Shapiro; Mahesh Lal Maskey; Dennis L. Corwin; Elia Scudiero; Blake L. Sanden. Actual Evapotranspiration and Tree Performance of Mature Micro-Irrigated Pistachio Orchards Grown on Saline-Sodic Soils in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Agriculture 2019, 9, 76 .

AMA Style

Giulia Marino, Daniele Zaccaria, Richard L. Snyder, Octavio Lagos, Bruce D. Lampinen, Louise Ferguson, Stephen R. Grattan, Cayle Little, Kristen Shapiro, Mahesh Lal Maskey, Dennis L. Corwin, Elia Scudiero, Blake L. Sanden. Actual Evapotranspiration and Tree Performance of Mature Micro-Irrigated Pistachio Orchards Grown on Saline-Sodic Soils in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Agriculture. 2019; 9 (4):76.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Marino; Daniele Zaccaria; Richard L. Snyder; Octavio Lagos; Bruce D. Lampinen; Louise Ferguson; Stephen R. Grattan; Cayle Little; Kristen Shapiro; Mahesh Lal Maskey; Dennis L. Corwin; Elia Scudiero; Blake L. Sanden. 2019. "Actual Evapotranspiration and Tree Performance of Mature Micro-Irrigated Pistachio Orchards Grown on Saline-Sodic Soils in the San Joaquin Valley of California." Agriculture 9, no. 4: 76.

Review
Published: 26 February 2018 in Agronomy
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California is a global leader in the agricultural sector and produces more than 400 types of commodities. The state produces over a third of the country’s vegetables and two-thirds of its fruits and nuts. Despite being highly productive, current and future climate change poses many challenges to the agricultural sector. This paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge on historical and future trends in climate and their impacts on California agriculture. We present a synthesis of climate change impacts on California agriculture in the context of: (1) historic trends and projected changes in temperature, precipitation, snowpack, heat waves, drought, and flood events; and (2) consequent impacts on crop yields, chill hours, pests and diseases, and agricultural vulnerability to climate risks. Finally, we highlight important findings and directions for future research and implementation. The detailed review presented in this paper provides sufficient evidence that the climate in California has changed significantly and is expected to continue changing in the future, and justifies the urgency and importance of enhancing the adaptive capacity of agriculture and reducing vulnerability to climate change. Since agriculture in California is very diverse and each crop responds to climate differently, climate adaptation research should be locally focused along with effective stakeholder engagement and systematic outreach efforts for effective adoption and implementation. The expected readership of this paper includes local stakeholders, researchers, state and national agencies, and international communities interested in learning about climate change and California’s agriculture.

ACS Style

Tapan B. Pathak; Mahesh L. Maskey; Jeffery A. Dahlberg; Faith Kearns; Khaled M. Bali; Daniele Zaccaria. Climate Change Trends and Impacts on California Agriculture: A Detailed Review. Agronomy 2018, 8, 25 .

AMA Style

Tapan B. Pathak, Mahesh L. Maskey, Jeffery A. Dahlberg, Faith Kearns, Khaled M. Bali, Daniele Zaccaria. Climate Change Trends and Impacts on California Agriculture: A Detailed Review. Agronomy. 2018; 8 (3):25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tapan B. Pathak; Mahesh L. Maskey; Jeffery A. Dahlberg; Faith Kearns; Khaled M. Bali; Daniele Zaccaria. 2018. "Climate Change Trends and Impacts on California Agriculture: A Detailed Review." Agronomy 8, no. 3: 25.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2017 in Water
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In California, alfalfa is grown on a large area ranging between 325,000 and 410,000 hectares and ranks among the thirstiest crops. While the hay production industry is often scrutinized for the large usage of the state’s agricultural water, alfalfa is a crucial feed-supplier for the livestock and dairy sectors, which rank among the most profitable commodity groups in the state. Sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI), although only practiced on approximately 2% of the alfalfa production area in California, is claimed to have the potential to significantly increase hay yield (HY) and water productivity (WP) compared with surface irrigation (SI). In 2014–2016 we interviewed a number of growers pioneering SDI for alfalfa production in Central and Southern California who reported that yield improvements in the order of 10–30% and water saving of about 20–30% are achievable in SDI-irrigated fields compared with SI, according to their records and perceptions collected over few years of experience. Results from our research on SDI at the University of California, Davis, revealed significantly smaller yield gain (~5%) and a slight increase of water use (~2–3%) that are similar to findings from earlier research studies. We found that most of the interviewed alfalfa producers are generally satisfied with their SDI systems, yet face some challenges that call for additional research and educational efforts. Key limitations of SDI include high investment costs, use of energy to pressurize water, the need for more advanced irrigation management skills, and better understanding of soil-water dynamics by farm personnel. SDI-irrigated fields also need accurate water monitoring and control, attentive prevention and repair of rodent damages, and careful salinity management in the root zone. In this paper we attempt to evaluate the viability of the SDI technology for alfalfa production on the basis of preliminary results of our research and extension activities, with focus on its water and energy footprints within the context of resource efficiency.

ACS Style

Daniele Zaccaria; Maria Teresa Carrillo-Cobo; Aliasghar Montazar; Daniel H. Putnam; Khaled Bali. Assessing the Viability of Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation for Resource-Efficient Alfalfa Production in Central and Southern California. Water 2017, 9, 837 .

AMA Style

Daniele Zaccaria, Maria Teresa Carrillo-Cobo, Aliasghar Montazar, Daniel H. Putnam, Khaled Bali. Assessing the Viability of Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation for Resource-Efficient Alfalfa Production in Central and Southern California. Water. 2017; 9 (11):837.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Zaccaria; Maria Teresa Carrillo-Cobo; Aliasghar Montazar; Daniel H. Putnam; Khaled Bali. 2017. "Assessing the Viability of Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation for Resource-Efficient Alfalfa Production in Central and Southern California." Water 9, no. 11: 837.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2016 in CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water
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ACS Style

Daniele Zaccaria; Giuseppe Passarella; Daniela D'agostino; Raffaele Giordano; Samuel Sandoval Solis. Risk Assessment of Aquifer Salinization in a Large-Scale Coastal Irrigation Scheme, Italy. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 2016, 44, 371 -382.

AMA Style

Daniele Zaccaria, Giuseppe Passarella, Daniela D'agostino, Raffaele Giordano, Samuel Sandoval Solis. Risk Assessment of Aquifer Salinization in a Large-Scale Coastal Irrigation Scheme, Italy. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water. 2016; 44 (4):371-382.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Zaccaria; Giuseppe Passarella; Daniela D'agostino; Raffaele Giordano; Samuel Sandoval Solis. 2016. "Risk Assessment of Aquifer Salinization in a Large-Scale Coastal Irrigation Scheme, Italy." CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 44, no. 4: 371-382.

Journal article
Published: 07 March 2014 in Irrigation Science
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A methodology to assess performance of pressurized irrigation distribution networks is presented, which is based on generation of flow configurations from simulated delivery scenarios, and on subsequent analysis of network operation and delivery achievements. The rationale of the methodology entails simulating the peak-demand flow configurations in the pipe network through a deterministic–stochastic combined agro-hydrological model, and forecasting the delivery performance by means of a hydraulic simulation model and of some specific performance indicators. The agro-hydrological model generates disaggregated information on soil water deficits for all the cropped fields downstream from the delivery hydrants, and forecasts the demand flow hydrographs and irrigation deliveries for the entire service area during peak-demand periods. The simulated-demand flow configurations are then passed on to the hydraulic simulation model, which evaluates the hydraulic performance achievable by the pipe network. The performance analysis is then refined using additional indicators specifically adapted to pressurized irrigation networks. The proposed methodology was applied to a large-scale pressurized irrigation system of southern Italy that is in need of modernization. Results proved the usefulness of the combined use of simulation tools as components of an analytical framework to address modernization and re-engineering of existing irrigation delivery networks, on the basis of targeted delivery performance.

ACS Style

Daniele Zaccaria; Christopher M. U. Neale. Modeling delivery performance in pressurized irrigation systems from simulated peak-demand flow configurations. Irrigation Science 2014, 32, 295 -317.

AMA Style

Daniele Zaccaria, Christopher M. U. Neale. Modeling delivery performance in pressurized irrigation systems from simulated peak-demand flow configurations. Irrigation Science. 2014; 32 (4):295-317.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Zaccaria; Christopher M. U. Neale. 2014. "Modeling delivery performance in pressurized irrigation systems from simulated peak-demand flow configurations." Irrigation Science 32, no. 4: 295-317.