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The quality of life in our cities critically depends on the intelligent planning and shaping of urban living space, in particular urban nature. By providing a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), urban nature essentially contributes to the well-being of city dwellers and plays a major role in avoiding common diseases through its positive impact on physical and mental health. Health is one of the most important factors underlying human welfare and is, thus, vital to sustainable development. The ES of urban green space provide other social-cultural functions alongside public health, for example by fostering environmental justice and citizenship participation. Thus, they should always be considered when searching for solutions to urban problems. The aim of this research was to determine the impact of green areas in three selected cities on the health and well-being of people by self-reporting of green areas’ visitors. To this end, we posed the research question: which types and characteristics of urban green space are most appreciated by city dwellers? Based on our findings, we have drawn up recommendations for practices to promote better living conditions. We have also pinpointed obstacles to and opportunities for leisure time activities as well as ways of supporting the public health of citizens.
Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ina Neumann; Karsten Grunewald; Patrycia Brzoska; Jiři Louda; Birgit Kochan; Jan Macháč; Lenka Dubová; Petr Meyer; Jan Brabec; Olaf Bastian. The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic. Land 2021, 10, 341 .
AMA StyleRalf-Uwe Syrbe, Ina Neumann, Karsten Grunewald, Patrycia Brzoska, Jiři Louda, Birgit Kochan, Jan Macháč, Lenka Dubová, Petr Meyer, Jan Brabec, Olaf Bastian. The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic. Land. 2021; 10 (4):341.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRalf-Uwe Syrbe; Ina Neumann; Karsten Grunewald; Patrycia Brzoska; Jiři Louda; Birgit Kochan; Jan Macháč; Lenka Dubová; Petr Meyer; Jan Brabec; Olaf Bastian. 2021. "The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic." Land 10, no. 4: 341.
Sparganosis is a relatively neglected foodborne and waterborne disease caused by species of the tapeworm genus Spirometra, the global distribution of which has not been sufficiently recognized. Known mainly as a zoonosis of East Asia, its species are native to all inhabited continents including Europe. Spirometra has been reported from numerous wildlife species from 17 European countries, and a critical review confirmed 17 autochthonous and 8 imported human clinical cases. We present the first molecular evidence of the coincident presence of 2 species in Europe and review the current distribution to raise awareness of the parasite in this region. Spirometra erinaceieuropaei is restricted to Europe and Spirometra mansoni represents a lineage distributed mainly across Asia and Oceania that reaches Europe. The parasite is common in Eastern Europe and its distribution has potential to expand along with its invasive or migrating mammal hosts, spreading the risks of human infection.
Roman Kuchta; Marta Kołodziej-Sobocińska; Jan Brabec; Daniel Młocicki; Rusłan Sałamatin; Tomáš Scholz. Sparganosis (Spirometra) in Europe in the Molecular Era. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2020, 72, 882 -890.
AMA StyleRoman Kuchta, Marta Kołodziej-Sobocińska, Jan Brabec, Daniel Młocicki, Rusłan Sałamatin, Tomáš Scholz. Sparganosis (Spirometra) in Europe in the Molecular Era. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020; 72 (5):882-890.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoman Kuchta; Marta Kołodziej-Sobocińska; Jan Brabec; Daniel Młocicki; Rusłan Sałamatin; Tomáš Scholz. 2020. "Sparganosis (Spirometra) in Europe in the Molecular Era." Clinical Infectious Diseases 72, no. 5: 882-890.
The EU Water Framework Directive requires all water bodies within the EU member states to achieve a “good status”. Many economic assessments assume the “good status” is achieved using selected measures and evaluate only associated costs and benefits. In this paper, Bayesian networks are used to test this assumption by evaluating whether the “good status” can be achieved with the selected abatement measures. Unlike in deterministic analysis, Bayesian networks allow effectiveness of measures of the same type to vary, which adds credibility to the analysis by increasing its robustness. The approach was tested on Stanovice reservoir in Czechia using a set of 244 previously designed measures. The results show the target will be met with a probability of 72.4% using the most cost-efficient measures. Based on the results, improvements to the measure selection process are suggested.
Jan Brabec; Jan Macháč; Jiřina Jílková. Using Bayesian Networks to Assess Effectiveness of Phosphorus Abatement Measures under the Water Framework Directive. Water 2019, 11, 1791 .
AMA StyleJan Brabec, Jan Macháč, Jiřina Jílková. Using Bayesian Networks to Assess Effectiveness of Phosphorus Abatement Measures under the Water Framework Directive. Water. 2019; 11 (9):1791.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Brabec; Jan Macháč; Jiřina Jílková. 2019. "Using Bayesian Networks to Assess Effectiveness of Phosphorus Abatement Measures under the Water Framework Directive." Water 11, no. 9: 1791.
Large river floods threaten intensively used urban areas across the world. Projections of IPCC expect such risks to increase in the future. To deal with flood risk along rivers water can be retained upstream at places where less damage is caused and more vulnerable land (downstream) can be adapted to the flood risk (resilient cities). This catchment-oriented approach to flood risk management implies that upstream and downstream parties need to agree on where to store and where to adapt to floods. However, this approach implies that many diverse stakeholders (such as mayors, spatial planners, homeowners, etc.) enter the decision-making process, which influences efficiency of the measure selection. Measures in a catchment of a river are often related and influence each other—what happens upstream can have substantial effects downstream. In particular, when rivers cross administrative or national boundaries, these upstream-downstream effects become an issue of hydro-diplomacy. Upstream is usually not motivated to implement measures from which mostly only downstream profits. Therefore, negotiation is necessary to find agreement between upstream and downstream and to implement the most effective and efficient measure. The negotiation becomes more complicated if multiple upstream and downstream parties are involved. In this contribution, a role-played game that tries to better understand the dynamics of negotiations in multiple upstream-downstream relationships is introduced. The game will be played with real stakeholders (mayors and river basin managers) and the dynamics of negotiation will be explored in different scenarios based on the Cultural Theory of Risk. This way, the game allows to compare effectiveness of negotiation in different scenarios. Beside the different institutional settings, the players’ level of flood risk aversion will be tested. The aim is to demonstrate (play) the game during the session focused on games and experiments. The attendees take on roles of mayors and will play one scenario of the game. The game shows how negotiations may (and indeed should from an economic point of view) lead to a Pareto-improving situation, making some players better off without worsening a situation of any other player. The demonstration presents the setup of the game and leads to discussion about results of the negotiations.
Jan Brabec; Jan Macháč; Thomas Hartmann. Role of Negotiation in Upstream-Downstream Flood Protection: Demonstration in Role-Played Flooding Game. Proceedings 2019, 30, 6 .
AMA StyleJan Brabec, Jan Macháč, Thomas Hartmann. Role of Negotiation in Upstream-Downstream Flood Protection: Demonstration in Role-Played Flooding Game. Proceedings. 2019; 30 (1):6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Brabec; Jan Macháč; Thomas Hartmann. 2019. "Role of Negotiation in Upstream-Downstream Flood Protection: Demonstration in Role-Played Flooding Game." Proceedings 30, no. 1: 6.
Climate change has a strong influence on agriculture and will continue to do so in the years to come. As a result, significant social costs are generated. These effects may be eliminated by implementing various types of adaptation measures. However, the measures are also associated with costs and it is necessary to evaluate whether generated benefits and prevented climate change costs outweigh them. This contribution studies economic impacts of climate change in agriculture in the South Moravian region in a period of 2017–2040. Four scenarios are analysed based on combinations of the following states of a world (i) climate change worsens the current situation or there is no change; (ii) adaptation measures are implemented or the status quo is maintained. The scenarios are modelled based on an anthropocentric approach using a modified cost-benefit analysis and the concept of ecosystem services. The economic analysis covers investment costs, operating costs, loss of profits due to decreasing production and other costs. The benefits side consists mainly of regulation services prevented loss (thanks to lower soil erosion or better water retention), improved air quality as well as external benefits such as higher biodiversity. Based on measures effectiveness and costs, expected net present social benefits were calculated for each of the scenarios. The results showed that implementing the measures is always profitable regardless of climate change. Under no shift in climate change the estimated social loss until 2040 is 6.6 billion CZK with no measures implemented. If the situation regarding climate change becomes more serious, the net loss rises to 9.5 billion CZK. However, the implementation of adaptation measures leads to positive outcomes and is associated with net social benefits of 2.1 billion CZK if it is necessary to battle climate change and to barely positive outcome when climate change does not accelerate. The analysis confirms that implementation of adaptation measures is profitable either way (especially if climate change becomes more serious) and can serve as an argument in political decision-making as these measures appear to maintain sustainability of agricultural land use.
Jan Macháč; Jan Brabec; Marie Trantinová. Climate Change Adaptation Measures Are Economically Justifiable even under No Climate Change: Evidence from the South-Moravian Region. Proceedings 2019, 30, 7 .
AMA StyleJan Macháč, Jan Brabec, Marie Trantinová. Climate Change Adaptation Measures Are Economically Justifiable even under No Climate Change: Evidence from the South-Moravian Region. Proceedings. 2019; 30 (1):7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Macháč; Jan Brabec; Marie Trantinová. 2019. "Climate Change Adaptation Measures Are Economically Justifiable even under No Climate Change: Evidence from the South-Moravian Region." Proceedings 30, no. 1: 7.