This research is based on achieving modular solutions for photovoltaic solar systems ( PVSS ) in buildings. Several studies tend to inadequately address the analysis of photovoltaic ( PV ) module orientation, often relying on the conventional south-facing orientation. The objective is to analyze and compare the influence of PV module orientation. Therefore, two proposed PVSS were analyzed, incorporating module orientation and inclination variations. A hotel electrical consumption study was conducted in 2018-2019. The incidence of shadows over the roofed surfaces of the building was analyzed from a three-dimensional model using Sketchup software. The annual and monthly generation, as well as the performance of the installation, were estimated using PVsyst software for each projected arrangement. An economic and environmental study was carried out for these proposals to remark on their feasibility and influence on environmental protection. As a result, the east-west oriented PV system is the most efficient and feasible with a peak power of 113.24 kW_p and a Performance Ratio ( PR ) of 0.80. The east-west oriented proposal allows avoiding emissions of 301 421 TCO ₂ into the atmosphere. These promising results were due to both PV modules physical orientation and their lower daily working temperature. Also, an increase in electrical production per module and an optimization of the surface are achieved. These results highlight the significance of this research as they encourage the adoption of these systems, leading to improved investment recovery periods and enhanced environmental conservation efforts.

Hospitality institutions are significant consumers of water, electricity and gas resources. These resources may be scarce or critical in several locations. Authors have investigated strategies for efficient building operation, considering various energy carriers. Despite reported methods to enhance efficiency, nowadays they commonly have to be integrated into hotels from the design process through regular operation. This study aims to provide a detailed analysis of sustainable architecture in hotel design to decrease resource usage without compromising the quality of services provided. The considered design process is based on using a structured methodology focused on a energy management system that guarantees an efficient use of resources. The present study also considers incorporating renewable energy sources for the nominal operation of the hotel to achieve a net-zero energy building classification. The design of the building resulted in the proposed architecture that can maintain a comfortable temperature range of $17^{\circ } C$ to $24^{\circ } C$ in the guest rooms throughout the year. The energy generated from the proposed photovoltaic, thermal solar systems and rainwater harvesting can guarantee a nearly negligible net consumption of these resources for the hotel.

The present work proposes a nonlinear model of a buck–boost DC-DC power converter considering the nonlinear magnetic characteristics of the power inductor and electrical losses of the system. The Euler–Lagrange formalism is used for formulating the proposed model. Previous research works have reported mathematical models to describe power inductor dynamics. However, a gap in the literature remains regarding modeling this kind of element when it operates within power converters. Also, a linear-based controller scheme is proposed to regulate a non-ideal buck–boost DC-DC power converter. A methodology for tuning the proposed controller is presented, which considers the nonlinear model structure of the power converter, the linearization procedure based on an identification process, and a frequency domain analysis based on the approximated linear model. Finally, the tuned control scheme is tested on the nonlinear model of the power converter under several operational conditions showing excellent performance by effectively regulating the output voltage. The results are compared with those derived from alternative control strategies, and a better performance is generally obtained.

Direct current (DC) motors are widely used in various applications because of their operational advantages and ease of control compared to those of other rotating machines. This study focuses on regulating the operation of a bidirectional conveyor powered by a permanent magnet DC motor driven by a full H-bridge power converter. The mechatronic system, comprising a conveyor, a DC motor, and a power converter, is modeled using first-order differential equations. For control design purposes, a simplified actuator model is derived, treating the conveyor load as an external disturbance. A linear control scheme, based on classical control theory, is proposed to ensure that the actuator velocity tracks the reference input. To improve the disturbance rejection, particularly against variations in mechanical loads, an extended state observer is incorporated. Simulation tests validated the proposed control scheme, highlighting the functionality and tradeoffs of its internal components.

Crane systems are crucial for industrial applications, efficiently moving heavy loads with minimal human intervention. Ensuring precise operation of these systems, whether through human operators or controllers, is crucial, given their unique characteristics and demanding tasks. This research presents a comprehensive methodology for designing a linear control scheme for an overhead crane with a single-pendulum structure. The framework develops linear controllers for regulating both trolley position and sway angle dynamics, treating control as a trajectory-tracking problem to ensure internal stability. An active damping technique is proposed to achieve an over-damped behavior in the payload dynamics, resulting in a 69.15% reduction in oscillations associated with this crane sub-system when such strategy is not applied. The control scheme is tested against measurement noise, external disturbances and parameter uncertainties based on digital simulations using crane nonlinear differential equations. These tests prove the robustness of the proposed scheme in real-world scenarios despite its simplicity.

This research work addresses the design, modeling and control of a distributed synchronous static compensator aimed at correcting the power factor in a three-phase electrical grid. The objective of using this devise is to enhance the operational efficiency of the grid, optimizing its performance regardless of the demand imposed by the connected load. For this study, the load is assumed to be balanced and composed of elements exhibiting linear behavior. The design of the compensator focuses on achieving a compact and efficient configuration, ensuring compliance with harmonic injection regulations by keeping harmonics below the permissible limits. Additionally, an initial configuration is determined, demonstrating the ability of the proposed device to optimize grid operation and defining its operational limits in terms of reactive power injection capacity. The modeling process is based on the formulation of analytical models based on the laws governing electrical circuits. Various models are presented and validated, differing in complexity and reference frames. These models are essential for the design and evaluation of the proposed control scheme. Validation is carried out using quantitative indices tailored to the nature of each model. The control scheme consists of two main loops: an internal loop that regulates the currents injected by the compensator according to reference values, and an external loop that synchronizes the compensator and regulates the power factor of the electrical grid. The internal loop employs the ICAD framework, widely used in multivariable system analysis, and the NRDOB scheme, which mitigates the negative effects of measurement noise and external disturbances. For the external loop, an improved power factor regulation scheme is proposed to enhance the effectiveness of the grid correction labors. The tests in this work were conducted in a simulated environment using Matlab/Simulink. For validation purposes, a model based on functional blocks from the Simscape library, widely used for representing electrical power systems, was employed.