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In previous studies, a smeared truss model based on a refinement of the rotating-angle softened truss model (RA-STM) was proposed to predict the full response of structural concrete panel elements under in-plane monotonic loading. This model, called the “efficient RA-STM procedure”, was validated against the experimental results of reinforced and prestressed concrete panels, steel fiber concrete panels, and reinforced concrete panels externally strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymers. The model incorporates equilibrium and compatibility equations, as well as appropriate smeared constitutive laws of the materials. Besides, it incorporates an efficient algorithm for the calculation procedure to compute the solution points without using the classical trial-and-error technique, providing high numerical efficiency and stability. In this study, the efficient RA-STM procedure is adapted and checked against some experimental data related to reinforced concrete (RC) panels tested under in-plane cyclic shear until failure and found in the literature. Being a monotonic model, the predictions from the model are compared with the experimental envelopes of the hysteretic shear stress–shear strain loops. It is shown that the predictions for the shape (at least until the peak load is reached) and for key shear stresses (namely, cracking, yielding, and maximum shear stresses) of the envelope shear stress–shear strain curves are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental ones. From the obtained results, the efficient RA-STM procedure can be considered as a reliable model to predict some important features of the response of RC panels under cyclic shear, at least for a precheck analysis or predesign.
Luís Bernardo; Saffana Sadieh. A Monotonic Smeared Truss Model to Predict the Envelope Shear Stress—Shear Strain Curve for Reinforced Concrete Panel Elements under Cyclic Shear. Applied Mechanics 2021, 2, 174 -194.
AMA StyleLuís Bernardo, Saffana Sadieh. A Monotonic Smeared Truss Model to Predict the Envelope Shear Stress—Shear Strain Curve for Reinforced Concrete Panel Elements under Cyclic Shear. Applied Mechanics. 2021; 2 (1):174-194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuís Bernardo; Saffana Sadieh. 2021. "A Monotonic Smeared Truss Model to Predict the Envelope Shear Stress—Shear Strain Curve for Reinforced Concrete Panel Elements under Cyclic Shear." Applied Mechanics 2, no. 1: 174-194.
In this study, the generalized softened variable angle truss-model (GSVATM) is used to predict the response of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under torsion at the early loading stages, namely the transition from the uncracked to the cracked stage. Being a 3-dimensional smeared truss model, the GSVATM must incorporate smeared constitutive laws for the materials, namely for the tensile concrete. Different smeared constitutive laws for tensile concrete can be found in the literature, which could lead to different predictions for the torsional response of RC beams at the earlier stages. Hence, the GSVATM is used to check several smeared constitutive laws for tensile concrete proposed in previous studies. The studied parameters are the cracking torque and the corresponding twist. The predictions of these parameters from the GSVATM are compared with the experimental results from several reported tests on RC beams under torsion. From the obtained results and the performed comparative analyses, one of the checked smeared constitutive laws for tensile concrete was found to lead to good predictions for the cracking torque of the RC beams regardless of the cross-section type (plain or hollow). Such a result could be useful to help with choosing the best constitutive laws to be incorporated into the smeared truss models to predict the response of RC beams under torsion.
Mafalda Teixeira; Luís Bernardo. Evaluation of Smeared Constitutive Laws for Tensile Concrete to Predict the Cracking of RC Beams under Torsion with Smeared Truss Model. Materials 2021, 14, 1260 .
AMA StyleMafalda Teixeira, Luís Bernardo. Evaluation of Smeared Constitutive Laws for Tensile Concrete to Predict the Cracking of RC Beams under Torsion with Smeared Truss Model. Materials. 2021; 14 (5):1260.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMafalda Teixeira; Luís Bernardo. 2021. "Evaluation of Smeared Constitutive Laws for Tensile Concrete to Predict the Cracking of RC Beams under Torsion with Smeared Truss Model." Materials 14, no. 5: 1260.
Topology Optimisation is a broad concept deemed to encapsulate different processes for computationally determining structural materials optimal layouts. Among such techniques, Discrete Optimisation has a consistent record in Civil and Structural Engineering. In contrast, the Optimisation of Continua recently emerged as a critical asset for fostering the employment of Additive Manufacturing, as one can observe in several other industrial fields. With the purpose of filling the need for a systematic review both on the Topology Optimisation recent applications in structural steel design and on its emerging advances that can be brought from other industrial fields, this article critically analyses scientific publications from the year 2015 to 2020. Over six hundred documents, including Research, Review and Conference articles, added to Research Projects and Patents, attained from different sources were found significant after eligibility verifications and therefore, herein depicted. The discussion focused on Topology Optimisation recent approaches, methods, and fields of application and deepened the analysis of structural steel design and design for Additive Manufacturing. Significant findings can be found in summarising the state-of-the-art in profuse tables, identifying the recent developments and research trends, as well as discussing the path for disseminating Topology Optimisation in steel construction.
Tiago Ribeiro; Luís Bernardo; Jorge Andrade. Topology Optimisation in Structural Steel Design for Additive Manufacturing. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 2112 .
AMA StyleTiago Ribeiro, Luís Bernardo, Jorge Andrade. Topology Optimisation in Structural Steel Design for Additive Manufacturing. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (5):2112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTiago Ribeiro; Luís Bernardo; Jorge Andrade. 2021. "Topology Optimisation in Structural Steel Design for Additive Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5: 2112.
This article presents an analytical model, based on a refinement of the rotating-angle softened truss model (RA-STM) with efficient solution procedure, to predict the full response of reinforced concrete (RC) membrane elements strengthened with fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). To extend the RA-STM, equations from equilibrium conditions and smeared constitutive relationships for the materials are modified in order to account for the tensile FRP reinforcement and its interactions with the other material components. In addition, an efficient algorithm is proposed for the calculation procedure to avoid using the classical trial and error technique to compute the solution points. This new algorithm provides higher numerical efficiency and stability. The reliability of the efficient RA-STM FRP solution procedure is checked against some experimental data related with FRP-strengthened RC panels tested under in-plane shear and found in the literature, and also with the predictions from the softened membrane model (SMM-FRP) for comparison. In general, reasonably good agreement is observed between the efficient RA-STM FRP procedure and the SMM-FRP, and also with the experimental response of the reference test panels.
Luís Filipe Almeida Bernardo; Benedito Madian Viana de Carvalho Filho; Bernardo Horowitz. Predicting the behavior of FRP-strengthened RC membrane elements with efficient rotating-angle softened truss model procedure. Materials and Structures 2021, 54, 1 -16.
AMA StyleLuís Filipe Almeida Bernardo, Benedito Madian Viana de Carvalho Filho, Bernardo Horowitz. Predicting the behavior of FRP-strengthened RC membrane elements with efficient rotating-angle softened truss model procedure. Materials and Structures. 2021; 54 (1):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuís Filipe Almeida Bernardo; Benedito Madian Viana de Carvalho Filho; Bernardo Horowitz. 2021. "Predicting the behavior of FRP-strengthened RC membrane elements with efficient rotating-angle softened truss model procedure." Materials and Structures 54, no. 1: 1-16.
This is the first of two companion articles which aim to address the research on Architecture and Steel. In this article, some architectural projects are analyzed to show the potentiality to conjugate architectural conception and steel structures, as well as to show the contribution and influence from architectural history. This article also aims to contribute to the reflection of the knowledge and legacy left to us by several architects throughout the history of architecture in using aesthetic, visual and structurally safe profiled steel structures in architectural conception. The presented analysis and reflection are based on the characteristics and influences of the Industrial Revolution and, mainly, the Modern Movement, where the first housing projects came up with this constructive system, combined with the “simplistic” ways of living in architecture, highlighting the relationship with the place, cultural, spatial and typological references, the structural systems and associated materiality. In view of the diversity of alternatives allowed by the use of steel “Skeletons”, modular and standardized, combined with a huge variety of existing materials and constructive complexity, well combined and interconnected, it is possible to obtain a final product whose characteristics seduce by their beauty and elegance. Moreover, the practical and functional comfort which allows the safeguarding of the architectural integration of such product, with the necessary serenity in space and nature, in full environmental integration, is also emphasized.
Inês D. D. Campos; Luís F. A. Bernardo. Architecture and Steel. Reflection and Analysis on the Use of Steel Structures (in Sight) as a Concept in the History of Architecture. Designs 2020, 4, 30 .
AMA StyleInês D. D. Campos, Luís F. A. Bernardo. Architecture and Steel. Reflection and Analysis on the Use of Steel Structures (in Sight) as a Concept in the History of Architecture. Designs. 2020; 4 (3):30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleInês D. D. Campos; Luís F. A. Bernardo. 2020. "Architecture and Steel. Reflection and Analysis on the Use of Steel Structures (in Sight) as a Concept in the History of Architecture." Designs 4, no. 3: 30.
This Special Issue on “Architectural Structure” aims to gather general advances in human-made constructions which simultaneously are driven by aesthetic and structural engineering considerations
Luís Filipe Almeida Bernardo. Special Issue on “Architectural Structure”. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5297 .
AMA StyleLuís Filipe Almeida Bernardo. Special Issue on “Architectural Structure”. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (15):5297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuís Filipe Almeida Bernardo. 2020. "Special Issue on “Architectural Structure”." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15: 5297.
This is the second of two companion articles which aim to address the research on architecture and steel. In the first article, some architectural projects were analyzed to show the potentiality to conjugate architectural conception and steel structures (in sight), as well as to show the contribution and influence from architectural history. As a result of the previous work, this second article discusses the development of an innovative prototype in steel structure, which constitutes a modular system applied for a single-family housing. In this prototype, steel is part of the design concept, not only as a structural element, but also as an aesthetic element. The needs of contemporary “living” are reinterpreted, considering all the changes and cultural influences due to globalization, compared with the living in Portuguese popular architecture, with its simplistic character and minimal spaces, and referring to a place. The proposed modular system, which is applied repeatedly, shows a huge potential for reorganizing, in a short period of time, urban areas with housing shortages in cases of emergency, while respecting population needs and providing construction quality. This Prototype Model, which combines the architectural concept with the lightweight character of steel structures, aims to provide an “other” way of “living”. It transmits “harmony” both in the experience of the interior space and in its relationship with the outer space, respecting the cultural references. In this study, the prototype is applied to popular Portuguese schist architecture, combining the basic structuring idea and the way how the project develops for the application of the conceptual and constructive process, thus relating two periods of architecture.
Inês D. D. Campos; Luís F. A. Bernardo. Architecture and Steel Prototype in Steel Structure with Equal Angles Steel Profiles, in Greek cross Shape, Applied in an Architectural Project. Designs 2020, 4, 24 .
AMA StyleInês D. D. Campos, Luís F. A. Bernardo. Architecture and Steel Prototype in Steel Structure with Equal Angles Steel Profiles, in Greek cross Shape, Applied in an Architectural Project. Designs. 2020; 4 (3):24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleInês D. D. Campos; Luís F. A. Bernardo. 2020. "Architecture and Steel Prototype in Steel Structure with Equal Angles Steel Profiles, in Greek cross Shape, Applied in an Architectural Project." Designs 4, no. 3: 24.
A recent analytical model based on refinement of the Variable Angle Truss Model (VATM) and called Generalized Softened Variable Angle Truss-Model (GSVATM) was proposed in previous articles to predict the full response of reinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PC) beams (solid and hollow) under torsion. The GSVATM is reformulated here in a unified form and used to illustrate some calculation examples related to RC and PC beams under torsion. It is shown that the unified GSVATM can provide reliable information about the effective torsional response of the analyzed beams; namely the torque, twist, torsional stiffness, and stress or strain in the materials for all loading stages, as well as information on the failure type of the beam. The model is not difficult to implement in a computer and can be used as a reliable analytical tool to help engineers optimize some aspects of the torsional design of structural concrete beams.
Luís F.A. Bernardo; Jorge M.A. Andrade. A unified softened truss model for RC and PC beams under torsion. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 32, 101467 .
AMA StyleLuís F.A. Bernardo, Jorge M.A. Andrade. A unified softened truss model for RC and PC beams under torsion. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 32 ():101467.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuís F.A. Bernardo; Jorge M.A. Andrade. 2020. "A unified softened truss model for RC and PC beams under torsion." Journal of Building Engineering 32, no. : 101467.
This article presents a refined version of the Combined Action Softened Truss Model (CA-STM) with efficient solution procedure to analyze reinforced concrete (RC) members under torsion combined with bending. To refine the model, a set of appropriate smeared stress–strain relationships for concrete and steel bars, to account for the softening and stiffening effects, are implemented. For solid sections, an alternative criterion to fix the maximum thickness for the panels constituting the walls of the equivalent hollow section is also considered. In addition, a simpler criterion is used to compute the equivalent longitudinal reinforcement for each panel. Instead of using the original algorithm to solve the CA-STM, which is based on a classical trial and error solution technique, an alternative one which lead to a more efficient solution procedure with higher numerical stability is implemented. These refinements allow the model to predict efficiently the response of RC members under torsion combined with bending. The results obtained from the refined efficient CA-STM procedure are compared with several experimental results found in the literature, where good agreement is observed.
L.F.A. Bernardo; M.M. Teixeira. Refined softened-truss model with efficient solution procedure for reinforced concrete members under torsion combined with bending. Structures 2020, 26, 651 -669.
AMA StyleL.F.A. Bernardo, M.M. Teixeira. Refined softened-truss model with efficient solution procedure for reinforced concrete members under torsion combined with bending. Structures. 2020; 26 ():651-669.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL.F.A. Bernardo; M.M. Teixeira. 2020. "Refined softened-truss model with efficient solution procedure for reinforced concrete members under torsion combined with bending." Structures 26, no. : 651-669.
Recent manufacturing advancements have led to the fabrication of polymeric composites (PC) reinforced with fibers. However, to reduce the impact on the environment, efforts have been made to replace synthetic fibers (SF) by natural fibers (NF) in many applications. NF, e.g., as banana fibers (BF) possess higher cellulose content, a higher degree of polymerization of cellulose, and a lower microfibrillar angle (MFA), which are crucial factors for the mechanical properties (MP), namely tensile modulus (TM) and tensile strength (TS), and many other properties that make them suitable for the reinforcement of PC. This review paper presents an attempt to highlight some recent findings on the MP of PC reinforced with unmodified or modified BF (UBF, MBF), which were incorporated into unmodified or modified (synthetic (SPM) or a bio (BPM)) polymeric matrices (UPM, MPM). The experimental results from previous studies are presented in terms of the variation in the percentage of the MP and show that BF can improve the MP of PC. The results of such studies suggest the possibility to extend the application of PC reinforced with BF (PCBF) in a wide range, namely from automotive to biomedical fields. The meanings of all the acronyms are listed in the abbreviations section.
Deesy G. Pinto; João Rodrigues; Luís Bernardo. A Review on Thermoplastic or Thermosetting Polymeric Matrices Used in Polymeric Composites Manufactured with Banana Fibers from the Pseudostem. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3023 .
AMA StyleDeesy G. Pinto, João Rodrigues, Luís Bernardo. A Review on Thermoplastic or Thermosetting Polymeric Matrices Used in Polymeric Composites Manufactured with Banana Fibers from the Pseudostem. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (9):3023.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeesy G. Pinto; João Rodrigues; Luís Bernardo. 2020. "A Review on Thermoplastic or Thermosetting Polymeric Matrices Used in Polymeric Composites Manufactured with Banana Fibers from the Pseudostem." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9: 3023.
In a previous study, a new and numerically efficient solution procedure for the rotating-angle softened truss model (RA-STM) was proposed to compute the ultimate behavior or reinforced concrete (RC) membrane elements. In such new calculation procedure, the tensile stresses in concrete were neglected for simplicity. In this article, the efficient RA-STM procedure is refined in order to incorporate the contribution of the tensile stresses in concrete. The equations of the refined model are reformulated in order to incorporate this additional contribution and an appropriate smeared stress-strain relationship for tensile concrete is implemented. In addition, the new solution procedure is also presented. The refined efficient RA-STM procedure proposed in this study is able to predict the full behavior of RC membrane elements under in-plane stresses, including for both low and high loading stages, with high numerical efficiency and stability. The predictions obtained from the model are compared with the experimental results of tested RC panels found in the literature, where good agreement is observed, namely for the cracking load, stiffness after cracking and strength.
L.F.A. Bernardo; B.M.V.C. Filho; B. Horowitz. Refinement of the rotating-angle softened truss model with efficient solution procedure for RC membranes. Engineering Structures 2020, 213, 110552 .
AMA StyleL.F.A. Bernardo, B.M.V.C. Filho, B. Horowitz. Refinement of the rotating-angle softened truss model with efficient solution procedure for RC membranes. Engineering Structures. 2020; 213 ():110552.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL.F.A. Bernardo; B.M.V.C. Filho; B. Horowitz. 2020. "Refinement of the rotating-angle softened truss model with efficient solution procedure for RC membranes." Engineering Structures 213, no. : 110552.
The Generalized Softened Variable Angle Truss Model (GSVATM) allows one to compute the global behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under torsion, including the pre- and post-cracking stage. In a previous study, such a model was successfully extended to cover prestressed concrete beams under torsion with longitudinal and uniform prestress. In order to continue to extend the theoretical model for other loading cases, in this article, the GSVATM is extended to cover RC beams under torsion combined with external and centered axial forces. The changes in GSVATM are presented, as well as the modified calculation solution procedure. Some theoretical predictions from the extended GSVATM are compared with numerical results from the non-linear finite element method (FEM), where good agreement is observed for the studied trends.
Luís Bernardo; Cátia Taborda. Softened Truss Model for Reinforced Concrete Beams under Torsion Combined with Axial Force. Applied Mechanics 2020, 1, 79 -96.
AMA StyleLuís Bernardo, Cátia Taborda. Softened Truss Model for Reinforced Concrete Beams under Torsion Combined with Axial Force. Applied Mechanics. 2020; 1 (1):79-96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuís Bernardo; Cátia Taborda. 2020. "Softened Truss Model for Reinforced Concrete Beams under Torsion Combined with Axial Force." Applied Mechanics 1, no. 1: 79-96.
This article presents a refined version of the rotating‐angle softened truss model (RA‐STM) with efficient solution procedure to predict the full behavior of prestressed concrete (PC) membrane elements under in‐plane stresses. The refined model incorporates the concrete tensile strength in the perpendicular direction to the concrete struts and an additional smeared constitutive law for the tensile concrete. In order to avoid the classical trial and error solution procedure used in previous versions of the RA‐STM, a new algorithm is presented which lead to a more efficient solution procedure with higher numerical stability. The reliability of the proposed model is verified with experimental data related with PC plates under in‐plane stresses, where good agreement is observed.
Luís F. A. Bernardo; Benedito M. V. C. Filho; Bernardo Horowitz. Predicting the behavior of prestressed concrete membrane elements by refined rotating‐angle softened‐truss model with efficient solution procedure. Structural Concrete 2020, 21, 934 -948.
AMA StyleLuís F. A. Bernardo, Benedito M. V. C. Filho, Bernardo Horowitz. Predicting the behavior of prestressed concrete membrane elements by refined rotating‐angle softened‐truss model with efficient solution procedure. Structural Concrete. 2020; 21 (3):934-948.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuís F. A. Bernardo; Benedito M. V. C. Filho; Bernardo Horowitz. 2020. "Predicting the behavior of prestressed concrete membrane elements by refined rotating‐angle softened‐truss model with efficient solution procedure." Structural Concrete 21, no. 3: 934-948.
This article presents an experimental study on the surface properties of epoxy resin nanocomposites (EPNCs) manufactured with a thermosetting epoxy resin (EP)–bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)–2-[[4-[2-[4-(Oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenoxy]methyl]oxirane) and filled with alumina nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs consist of pretreated (with a silane agent) alpha alumina with irregular shapes and a 100 nm maximum size. Three weight fractions of NPs were studied: 1, 3, and 5 wt. (%). Two different epoxy (EP) resins were manufactured, one cured and postcured with bis (4-aminophenyl) methane (DDM); and another one cured with 3-dodec-2-enyloxolane-2,5-dione (DDSA) + 8-methyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione (MNA). The wettability and the surface roughness of the obtained EPNCs were studied through the measurement of contact angles and topographic images obtained with atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Significant influence of both the loading of NPs and used curing agents was observed. EPNCs cured with DDM were shown to be hydrophobic for 0, 1, and 3 wt. (%) and hydrophilic for 5 wt. (%). Maximum surface roughness was observed for 5 wt. (%). EPNCs cured with DDSA+MNA were shown to be hydrophilic for 0 and 1 wt. (%) and hydrophobic for 3 and 5 wt. (%). The surface roughness decreased as the weight fraction of NPs increased until 3 wt. (%), and then increased for 5 wt. (%).
Deesy Pinto; Ana M. Amaro; Luís Bernardo. Experimental Study on the Surface Properties of Nanoalumina-Filled Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 733 .
AMA StyleDeesy Pinto, Ana M. Amaro, Luís Bernardo. Experimental Study on the Surface Properties of Nanoalumina-Filled Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (3):733.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeesy Pinto; Ana M. Amaro; Luís Bernardo. 2020. "Experimental Study on the Surface Properties of Nanoalumina-Filled Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3: 733.
This article describes an experimental program developed to study the influence of longitudinal prestress on the behaviour of high-strength concrete hollow beams under pure torsion. The pre-cracking, the post-cracking and the ultimate behaviour are analysed. Three tests were carried out on large hollow high-strength concrete beams with similar concrete strength. The variable studied was the level of longitudinal uniform prestress. Some important conclusions on different aspects of the beams’ behaviour are presented. These conclusions, considered important for the design of box bridges, include the influence of the level of prestress in the cracking and ultimate behaviour.
Luís Bernardo; Sérgio Lopes; Mafalda Teixeira. Experimental Study on the Torsional Behaviour of Prestressed HSC Hollow Beams. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 642 .
AMA StyleLuís Bernardo, Sérgio Lopes, Mafalda Teixeira. Experimental Study on the Torsional Behaviour of Prestressed HSC Hollow Beams. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (2):642.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuís Bernardo; Sérgio Lopes; Mafalda Teixeira. 2020. "Experimental Study on the Torsional Behaviour of Prestressed HSC Hollow Beams." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2: 642.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) shows to have some specificities when compared to normal vibrated concrete (NVC), namely higher cement paste dosage and smaller volume of coarse aggregates. In addition, the maximum size of coarse aggregates is also reduced in SCC to prevent blocking effect. Such specificities are likely to affect the results of non-destructive tests when compared to those obtained in NVC with similar compressive strength and materials. This study evaluates the applicability of some non-destructive tests to estimate the compressive strength of SCC. Selected tests included the ultrasonic pulse velocity test (PUNDIT), the surface hardness test (Schmidt rebound hammer type N), the pull-out test (Lok-test), and the concrete maturity test (COMA-meter). Seven sets of SCC specimens were produced in the laboratory from a single mixture and subjected to standard curing. The tests were applied at different ages, namely: 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 94 days. The concrete compressive strength ranged from 45 MPa (at 24 h) to 97 MPa (at 94 days). Correlations were established between the non-destructive test results and the concrete compressive strength. A test variability analysis was performed and the 95% confidence limits for the obtained correlations were computed. The obtained results for SCC showed good correlations between the concrete compressive strength and the non-destructive tests results, although some differences exist when compared to the correlations obtained for NVC.
Miguel C. S. Nepomuceno; Luís F. A. Bernardo. Evaluation of Self-Compacting Concrete Strength with Non-Destructive Tests for Concrete Structures. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 5109 .
AMA StyleMiguel C. S. Nepomuceno, Luís F. A. Bernardo. Evaluation of Self-Compacting Concrete Strength with Non-Destructive Tests for Concrete Structures. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (23):5109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiguel C. S. Nepomuceno; Luís F. A. Bernardo. 2019. "Evaluation of Self-Compacting Concrete Strength with Non-Destructive Tests for Concrete Structures." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23: 5109.
This article presents an experimental study on the evolution of the neutral axis depth at failure in the critical section with the flexural ductility and plastic rotation capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) lightweight-aggregate concrete (LWAC) beams. For this, the results of a previous experimental program involving RC LWAC beams tested in flexure until failure are used. The variable studies were the concrete compressive strength (between 22.0 and 60.4 MPa and dry density between 1651 and 1953 kg/m3) and the longitudinal tensile reinforcement ratio (between 0.13% and 2.69%). The flexural ductility and the plastic rotation capacity of the RC LWAC beams are characterized by a ductility index and a plastic trend parameter, respectively. The influence of the variable studies, as well as the relation of the flexural ductility and plastic rotation capacity with the values for the neutral axis depth at failure are analyzed and discussed. Some conclusions are drawn which can be useful for the design of RC LWAC beams for flexure. In particular, it is shown that the practical rule of limiting the neutral axis depth at failure to ensure ductile behavior, as used in normal-weight aggregate concrete beams, is also valid for RC LWAC beams.
Luís Bernardo; Miguel Nepomuceno; Hugo Pinto. Neutral Axis Depth versus Ductility and Plastic Rotation Capacity on Bending in Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete Beams. Materials 2019, 12, 3479 .
AMA StyleLuís Bernardo, Miguel Nepomuceno, Hugo Pinto. Neutral Axis Depth versus Ductility and Plastic Rotation Capacity on Bending in Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete Beams. Materials. 2019; 12 (21):3479.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuís Bernardo; Miguel Nepomuceno; Hugo Pinto. 2019. "Neutral Axis Depth versus Ductility and Plastic Rotation Capacity on Bending in Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete Beams." Materials 12, no. 21: 3479.
In recent studies, a new softened truss model called Generalized Softened Variable Angle Truss Model (GSVATM) has been proposed to compute the full torsional response of reinforced concrete (RC) rectangular solid beams under pure torsion. In this article, the GSVATM is extended to cover RC hollow beams under torsion. The modification of the calculation procedure, in order to account for the specific behavior of RC hollow beams for low loading levels, as well as the final solution procedure, is presented. The theoretical predictions from the extended GSVATM are compared with experimental results of RC hollow beams under torsion found in the literature. Good agreement is observed between the experimental and theoretical results, for both high and low loading levels.
Luís Bernardo. Generalized Softened Variable Angle Truss Model for RC Hollow Beams under Torsion. Materials 2019, 12, 2209 .
AMA StyleLuís Bernardo. Generalized Softened Variable Angle Truss Model for RC Hollow Beams under Torsion. Materials. 2019; 12 (13):2209.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuís Bernardo. 2019. "Generalized Softened Variable Angle Truss Model for RC Hollow Beams under Torsion." Materials 12, no. 13: 2209.
Recently, an analytical model called the generalized softened variable angle truss-model (GSVATM) aimed to predict the full behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) rectangular beams under torsion. In this article, such a model is used to compute the full torsional behavior of RC flanged beams, namely T- and L-shaped beams. The calculation procedure to include the influence of the flanges is described. A comparative analysis between the predictions from the GSVATM and some experimental results, related with RC flanged beams under torsion and found in the literature, is also presented. From this comparative analysis and for high loading levels, the GSVTM is reliable. Yet, for low loading levels, the theoretical model still needs to be refined.
Luís Bernardo. Modeling the Full Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Flanged Beams under Torsion. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 2730 .
AMA StyleLuís Bernardo. Modeling the Full Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Flanged Beams under Torsion. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (13):2730.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuís Bernardo. 2019. "Modeling the Full Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Flanged Beams under Torsion." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13: 2730.
This article presents a refinement of the rotating-angle softened truss model (RA-STM) for prestressed concrete (PC) membrane elements. To refine the RA-STM, an efficient solution procedure to solve the set of nonlinear equations is presented. Appropriate average stress-strain relationships for concrete and steel bars are also used in the solution procedure. The theoretical results obtained from the refined RA-STM are compared with some experimental results found in the literature and also with the original RA-STM. It is shown that the refined RA-STM captures better the behavior of PC membrane elements under shear and also predicts better the shear strength.
L. F. A. Bernardo; A. R. B. Lyrio; J. R. B. Silva; B. Horowitz. Refined Softened Truss Model with Efficient Solution Procedure for Prestressed Concrete Membranes. Journal of Structural Engineering 2018, 144, 04018045 .
AMA StyleL. F. A. Bernardo, A. R. B. Lyrio, J. R. B. Silva, B. Horowitz. Refined Softened Truss Model with Efficient Solution Procedure for Prestressed Concrete Membranes. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2018; 144 (6):04018045.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. F. A. Bernardo; A. R. B. Lyrio; J. R. B. Silva; B. Horowitz. 2018. "Refined Softened Truss Model with Efficient Solution Procedure for Prestressed Concrete Membranes." Journal of Structural Engineering 144, no. 6: 04018045.