The article presents the results of research aimed at determining the catchment areas that pose a risk of nitrogen pollution of the waters of the Mała Panew river. The research was carried out in 13 permanent monitoring points located on the Mała Panew. The location of the points ensured the representativeness of the water quality results for parts of the catchment area with a homogeneous type of land use. Concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and total nitrogen (TN) were determined in the samples taken. The content of (NO3-N) in the third quarter of the year and its relation to the value obtained for the first year quarter may be an indicator of the impact of agricultural activities on the quality of water in streams. In the case of agricultural catchments, the lowest concentrations of NO3-N and TN occur in the third quarter of the year and are significantly lower than in the first quarter of the year. The demonstrated seasonal variability of nitrate nitrogen concentrations in agriculturally used areas may be used to determine the type of pressure not allowing to achieve good water status in the surface water body. It was shown that the highest unit increments occurred in areas with a high proportion of forest.

Indicators of water consumption and the quantity of wastewater formed in selected branches of food industry: The studies covered the branches: sugar industry, fruit-and-vegetable processing and potato processing plants. The analyses of water consumption and quantities of wastewater formed in 24 production plants were performed in the paper. A comparison of water and wastewater management in three branches showed that the highest water consumption is in fruit-and-vegetable processing. The data collected in the paper indicates the drop of water consumption in potato as well as fruit-and-vegetable industry. The values obtained for sugar industry indicate that it is the least diversified branch.

Marginal land is the area remaining in agricultural use, which is not suitable for food production because of its unfavorable ecological, anthropological, and economic conditions. A certain amount of such land exists in mountainous areas. An analysis was undertaken on the example of the Polish Sudeten mountain range of energy use. The study aimed to estimate the biomass potential for the efficient use of agricultural land in mountain areas. The characteristics of the Polish Sudeten Mountains mountain range were characterized using Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. The Polish Sudeten Mountains covers an area of 370,392 ha, 95,341 ha of which is arable land, 35,726 ha of which is class 5 bonitation land with a northern exposure of 19,030 ha and southern exposure of 16,696 ha. Depending on the sowing structure, we can obtain 331,639 tons/year of dry biomass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus on the southern and Helianthus tuberoses on northern exposure). Fertilization levels will significantly affect low yielding plants, and water stress significantly reduced yields in all cases. Due to the steep slope of the 5th-grade halves and intensive rainfall in the mountain region, the establishment of perennial plantations is recommended. The research shows that after the first year of cultivation, yields of 9.27 tons/ha of dry matter can be obtained with a low yield of trees, shrubs and perennials.

The studies covered the branches: milk industry, meat processing and slaughterhouses. Performed in the paper were analyses of water consumption Comparison of water management in two branches showed that the highest water absorbability is in meat processing and slaughterhouses. The values obtained...

Models describe our beliefs about how the world functions. In mathematical modelling, we translate those beliefs into the language of mathematics. Mathematical models can yield prognose on the base of applied fertiliser dose. In this work results of finding yield mathematical model according to fertiliser (nitrogen) dose for perennials (willowleaf sunflower Helianthus salicifolious, cup plant Silphium perfoliatum and Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus) on marginal land are presented. Models were described as normalised square equations for dependence between yield and fertiliser doses. Experiments were conducted in lisymeters and vases for willowleaf sunflower and cup plant. For Jerusalem artichoke experiments were done in vases only. All experiments have been doing during two years (2018 and 2019) for different fertilisers doses (45, 90 and 135 kg N∙ha–1) in three repetitions. From simulations maximal yield could be achieved for following fertiliser doses – willowleaf sunflower 104 kg N∙ha–1, cup plant 85 kg N∙ha–1 and Jerusalem artichoke 126 kg N∙ha–1.