The prevalence of periodontal diseases is increasing, tends to increase with age and is considered as one of the main causes of tooth loss. To assess the effectiveness of new methods of treatment of periodontal diseases, studies on laboratory animals can be promising. The aim of the study: to develop a new method of accelerated modeling of experimental periodontitis on laboratory animals. Material and methods. The study was carried out on 22 female rats. A wire ligature was applied to the cervical area of the incisors of the animals in an eight-shaped manner. Plaque obtained from a patient with periodontitis was placed under the wire, and nicotine and ethyl alcohol solutions were injected under the gingival mucosa. A complex index has been proposed to assess inflammation. At the end of the experiment the animals were euthanized, their jaws were dissected into dentoalveolar blocks and further descriptive histologic analysis was performed. Results. On the second day the gingiva of the rats acquired a cyanotic-pink color, on the fourth day the consistency of the gingiva became friable, mobility appeared in the lower incisors. Complex index of inflammation in animals of the main group: before the study—9, on the 7th day—195. Gingival preparations showed signs of exudative inflammation. In alveolar processes—irreversible resorption of bone structures. The difference of indicators in animals before and after the experiment was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The new experimental model of periodontitis is reproduced in a short period of time, provides intensive development of inflammation, leads to disruption of the integrity of epithelial and connective tissue attachment, destruction of alveolar bone.

Our study aimed to clarify the anatomical features of the zygomatic, upper masseteric, lower masseteric and mandibular ligaments and their possible contribution to age-related gravitational ptosis. The study was carried out by the method of layered dissection of fresh cadavers. In several observations, the zygomatic ligament is represented by the fibers originating from the zygomaticus major muscle fibers. It is a true ligament with the fibers inserted directly into the skin. The upper and lower masseteric ligaments originate from the parotideomasseteric fascia and weave into the thickness of the SMAS. The mandibular ligament consists of two connective tissue laminae originating from the parotideomasseteric fascia at the lower edge of the mandible and from the inner surface of this fascia, along the anterior edge of the masseter muscle, skirting the facial vein sheath and the facial artery, traveling toward the platysma and the depressor anguli oris muscle, and merging with their fibers. The zygomatic ligament should be considered an osteo-musculocutaneous ligament, emphasizing the role of the associated zygomaticus major muscle in the mechanism of aging. The upper and lower masseteric and mandibular ligaments are false fascio-SMAS ligaments rather than osteo-cutaneous ones, playing the barrier role and fixing the superficial fascia and the platysma muscle.

Backgroud: The aim of this study was to create an accessible, simple and reliable method for assessing the relative density of bone tissue in dentistry based on the analysis of digital panoramic radiographs. Methods: Measurement of average gray values on orthopantomograms was carried out using ImageJ Version 1.54i software. To estimate the relative bone density, functions for selecting regions of interest (ROI), calculating the area of selection, and statistics of the selected area were used. Statistical characteristics of samples and testing of hypotheses using statistical criteria were performed using Microsoft Excel. Results: we found that when manually selecting the reference and comparison areas for areas without signs of pathological changes in bone tissue, the average standard deviation was 0.058, and the coefficient of variation was 0.055 ± 0.011%, which makes the choice of the jaw angle as a reference more preferable. The average relative bone density of the assessed defective areas to the jaw angle was 0.64 ± 0.11, and the average relative bone density of the areas without pathology to the jaw angle was 1.052 ± 0.058. Conclusions: a research protocol was developed and justified using the ImageJ software package, which establishes a strict procedure for quantitative assessment of relative bone density based on the results of digital panoramic radiography. The proposed protocol can be used to monitor the condition of bone tissue after all types of dental treatment over time.

Injuries to humans caused by wild animals, particularly bears, are rarely mentioned in the literature. Such injuries are frequent in Siberia, which is a territory surrounded by dense forests inhabited by brown bears. In the last 4 months alone (September–December 2023), four bear attacks on humans were registered in Khakassia, Russia. This article presents a clinical case of rehabilitating a patient after a bear attack, who suffered multiple fragmentary fractures of the facial skeleton with displaced bone fragments, subcutaneous emphysema of the soft tissues of the face, damage to the parietal and right occipital regions and paranasal sinus hemorrhage on the left side. The nature of the injuries was enhanced by trauma to the upper extremity caused by the patient defending himself against the animal. In addition to the damage to his face, the bear tried to open his cranium, as evidenced by four furrows caused by its canines, including two each on the frontal and occipital bones of the skull. The patient’s complex treatment included both maxillofacial and reconstructive surgeries, and outpatient treatment involved the formation of normotrophic scars using a neodymium laser and injections of a heterogeneous composition consisting of microparticles of “crosslinked” collagen of animal origin placed in a gel identical to the natural extracellular matrix.

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ Нижняя челюсть имеет плохо проницаемый и плотный наружный кортикальный слой, поэтому обычно требуется использование проводникового обезболивания в месте, удаленном от зубов, подлежащих лечению. Представляет интерес хлористоводородная кислота (E507), которая в составе раствора местного анестетика в качестве вспомогательного вещества играет крайне важную роль. Кислая среда способствует тому, что артикаин и эпинефрин, содержащие аминогруппы в своем составе, существуют в форме аммонийных солей. Это существенно повышает растворимость вышеназванных фармацевтических субстанций в водной среде. ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ Оценка клинического опыта использования анатомо-ориентированной мандибулярной анестезии по методу П.М. Егорова при лечении зубов на нижней челюсти. МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ Для оценки эффективности индивидуального подхода к проводниковому обезболиванию проведена сравнительная оценка показателей электроодонтодиагностики (ЭОД) 1 моляра на нижней челюсти при лечении пациентов в возрасте 30—55 лет (40 человек) по поводу обострения хронического периодонтита (К046 периапекальный абсцесс с полостью). Усредненные показатели нормы приняты к электровозбудимости пульпы от 2 до 6 мкА. В качестве препаратов использовали 4% артикаинсодержащий местный анестетик с эпинефрином 1:200 000 препарат №1 (Ультракаин Д-С) без и препарат №2 (Артикаин ИНИБСА) с хлористоводородной кислотой в качестве консерванта. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ Несмотря на наличие апикального воспалительного процесса в случае применения препарата №2 отмечалось более эффективное изменение показателей ЭОД, свидетельствующих о наступлении клинически значимого обезболивания. В связи с тем что оптимальным значением пульпарной анестезии условно считается 90 мкА, очевидно преимущество препарата №2. Сохраняющийся высокий показатель к 40-й минуте исследования указывает на клиническую значимость консерванта E507. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ Анатомическое обоснование проводникового обезболивания в стоматологии позволяет индивидуально подходить к пациентам с различной морфометрией черепа; определена клиническая эффективность использования местного анестетика с консервантом E507 при лечении зубов по поводу воспалительных заболеваний в сочетании с персонализированным методом проводникового обезболивания.