(1) Background: Idiopathic scoliosis can be defined as a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine and trunk, which occurs in basically healthy children. Schroth scoliosis-specific exercises have shown good results in reducing idiopathic scoliosis progression. This study aimed to critically evaluate the effect size of Schroth’s method through a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2) Methods: Four databases were included in the search: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used: “Schroth exercise”, “idiopathic scoliosis”, “Cobb angle”, “angle of trunk rotation”, and “quality of life”. Only articles written in English that met the following criteria were included in our study: subjects who had idiopathic scoliosis, the Schroth method was applied, and Cobb angle or angle of trunk rotation or quality of life as outcomes. (3) Results: Ten randomized controlled trials were included in this study. The effect size of the Schroth exercise ranged from almost moderate to large, for the outcomes used: Cobb angle (ES = −0.492, p ˂ 0.005); ATR (ES = −0.471, p = 0.013); QoL (ES = 1.087, p ˂ 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The current meta-analysis indicates that the Schroth method has a positive effect on subjects with idiopathic scoliosis.

Objectives: To examine sex differences in psychological readiness to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction as well as to determine whether males and females separately fulfilled cut-off values (≥65) of psychological readiness necessary to return to sport. Information sources: Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed were comprehensively searched from inception to January 2024 to identify relevant studies. Eligibility criteria: Observational investigations that compared males and females with a history of ACL reconstruction concerning psychological readiness to return to sport. Risk of bias: Studies were rated using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies. Included studies: Only 11 reports fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the quantitative analysis. A total of 2618 participants were subjected to the primary ACL reconstruction, out of 1631 males and 987 females. Psychological readiness to return to sport was evaluated approximately 9±2.9 months following surgery. Synthesis of results: The main findings demonstrated that males had slightly higher psychological readiness to return to the sport than females (standardised mean difference 0.33; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.52; p=0.0007; I²=77%) after ACL surgery. In addition, the mean psychological readiness to return to the sport of males was 70.1±8.8 points and of females 65.1±8.8 points, indicating that both sexes exceeded recommendations necessary to return to sport. Conclusion: Males had slightly higher psychological readiness to return to sport than females approximately 9±2.9 months after ACL reconstruction and both sexes exceeded the highlighted recommendations necessary to return to sport. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024497769: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024497769.

Background and Objectives: The study addresses a significant limitation in applying bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) grafts in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. By exploring the tubularization of grafts, the study extends the understanding of this surgical technique. The dual approach of the study—focusing on biomechanical properties using an animal model and postoperative outcomes in humans—offers a comprehensive perspective. Materials and Methods: The experimental cohort encompassed ten pairs of fresh porcine bone-tendon-bone grafts. One graft in each pair underwent modification through sutures that transformed the flat graft into a cylindrical structure. Testing determined the force required for the modified graft to rupture mechanically, expressed as N/mm², compared to conventionally prepared bone-tendon-bone grafts. The second phase of the research involved a prospective randomized clinical trial comprising 120 patients undergoing operative ACL reconstruction. For half the cases, grafts were tubularized using a random selection process. Clinical evaluations preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively employed the Tegner, Lysholm, and IKDC scoring scales for knee assessment. Results: Experiments showed that ligaments made using the tubularized surgical technique have statistically significantly higher values of measured force and higher maximum elongation values than ligaments made using the classical method. The clinical study concluded that there was no significant difference between the two groups of patients in the average score on the Tegner, Lysholm, and IKDC scales before and after surgery. Conclusions: The study results showed that suturing the graft does not negatively affect its biomechanical properties, and tubularization significantly increases the values of force required to cause rupture and the values of maximum elongation during rupture. Given the possibility of the one-year follow-up period being insufficient, future investigations should extend this period to acquire objective functional insights post-surgery.

Introduction. Proximal humerus fractures, resulting from direct or indirect trauma, pose a significant clinical challenge. The choice of surgical intervention is influenced by various factors including patient age, comorbidities, bone quality, activity level, fracture characteristics, and the surgeon?s expertise. This study aims to assess the frequency and nature of complications arising from the surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures. Material and Methods. In this retrospective analysis, 51 patients were included, with 22 males and 29 females. Two surgical techniques were employed: osteosynthesis using locking plates in 27 patients (average age 54.6 years) and intramedullary nailing in 24 patients (average age 58.4 years). The assessment of outcomes was conducted using the Constant Shoulder Score, and statistical analysis was performed using the Student?s T-test. Results. Complications were observed in 12 patients (23.5%), comprising 7 males and 5 females. In the locking plate group, where 8 complications occurred, the mean Constant score was 77.44, while the intramedullary nail group, with 4 complications noted, had a mean Constant score of 70.25. No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of complications based on gender or the type of surgical technique used. Conclusion. The study found a higher incidence of complications in male patients and those treated with locking plates, though these differences were not statistically significant. These findings emphasize the need for personalized surgical planning and highlight the complexity of managing proximal humerus fractures.

Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to present and analyze the results of treatment of anterior soft-tissue shoulder instability using an open surgical technique with a minimally invasive anterior approach, as well as to emphasize the benefits of using an open surgical procedure in high-risk patients. Material and Methods. All patients underwent surgery at the Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology in Novi Sad in the period between January 2013 and September 2017. Out of 138 patients undergoing surgery for anterior shoulder instability, 40 patients came for follow-up examination. The average age of subjects was 27 ? 6. Medical history was taken from each patient and the range of motion and muscle strength of the operated shoulder was examined. The subjects filled out a questionnaire regarding the functional status of the operated shoulder, their experience in resuming sports activities, and their subjective feeling of pain. The Constant-Murley score was used to assess the postoperative results. Results. Postoperatively, the mean Constant-Murley score was 90.3 ? 11.5, while 87.5% patients had excellent and good results. Compared to the contralateral uninjured shoulder, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the Constant-Murley score, in external rotation of the abducted shoulder (13.2? ? 10.4?), as well as in shoulder adduction (10.25? ? 9.7?). Out of 35 patients who were athletes, 27 continued to actively engage in sports following the surgical treatment. Four patients had a re-dislocation (10%). Conclusion. Open surgical treatment of the anterior shoulder joint instability using a minimally invasive anterior approach is a reliable, time-tested procedure that provides favorable clinical results in young high-risk contact and overhead athletes with timely diagnosis and surgical care.

Background/Objectives: Knee joint position sense (KJPS) assessment lacks standardized testing protocols, and it remains unclear how commonly used non-weight-bearing protocols—standing, prone, and sitting—and target angle influence reproduction error. This study aimed to compare KJPS error across these three protocols and three target knee-flexion angles (30°, 45°, 60°) in non-athletic adolescent females. Methods: In this within-subjects study, 30 non-athletic female participants aged 15–18 years (16.47 ± 1.04) performed an active angle-reproduction task with the tested limb non-weight-bearing, recorded using a VICON motion analysis system. Absolute Error (AE) and Constant Error (CE) were calculated, together with the between-participant dispersion of CE (SD-CE). Results: AE showed a significant main effect of protocol (F = 4.33, p = 0.018, ηp² = 0.130), confirmed by permutation testing, but no significant angle effect or interaction. Sitting produced lower AE than prone testing (mean difference = 2.98°, Holm-adjusted p = 0.023). CE was significantly positive in all nine conditions, confirming a systematic tendency to overshoot the target angle. SD-CE was lowest in sitting, intermediate in standing, and highest in prone. Conclusions: Testing protocol influenced KJPS accuracy and between-participant dispersion, whereas no target-angle effect was detected within the tested protocol configurations. The sitting protocol emerged as a promising candidate for further reliability and standardization research in this population.