Turkey is a country with a migration route throughout history and has provided protection to more refugees than any other country. But, the secure deportation of refugees is stated by government officials. This research aims to determine the socio-economic characteristics of landowners who hire foreign farmworkers and the factors affecting their willingness to employ foreign farmworkers. In order to meet the objective, a survey study based on face-to-face interviews was conducted with 200 landowners producing bananas and employing foreign farmworkers in Mersin. The level of willingness to hire foreign farmworkers was calculated, and the ordinal logistic regression (OLR) model was executed to determine affective factors. According to the results, the landowners’ average age was 40.5 years, and their agricultural experience was 11.07 years, with 47% of them having a primary school degree. A total of 50% of the landowner farmers had a high willingness level, 29.5% had a medium willingness level, and 20.5% had a low willingness level. As for OLR, the factors of land size, continuity status of farmworkers, and the reasons to hire foreign farmworkers were significant (p < 0.05). Contrary to the general opinion, which is that the reason for the willingness to hire foreign farmworkers is to use them as a cheap labor force, this research found that the reason with the greatest impact is that landowner farmers have difficulty in finding local farmworkers. The shortage of agricultural labor has been filled with foreign farmworkers in Mersin province. Every foreign farmworker may be registered with one or more agricultural holdings so that the deportation of refugees does not cause a labor supply problem in agriculture; also, citizens seeking employment from other regions of Turkey may be supported to be farmworkers in regions with labor shortages. In order to avoid supply security problems in agricultural production, policymakers should urgently develop policies based on field data.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the preference criteria for purchasing fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) and for where FFV is sold according to thesocio-economic characteristic of consumers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: In order to meet the above objective, an online survey was conducted. A sample of 720 respondents was selected from the residents of all cities in Turkey using the snowball method, which is one of the non-probability sampling methods. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to examine the statistical relationship between socio-economic characteristics and preference criteria. Results: The most important criterion are respectively freshness, taste/smell and food safety for purchasing FFV products. Besides, when choosing the place to be purchased, the most important criteria are respectively freshness, hygiene of place and hygiene of staff. Women give more importance to freshness of pruducts compared to males (p<0.05). The importance given to the hygiene of the product and place increases as the education level increases (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results could provide valuable insights to farmers, retailers and wholesalers targeting FFV consumers. It is recommended that the priority of price should be replaced by the priority of freshness, safety and hygiene. Only in this way can all players in the FFV marketing chain offer a better functioning system.

Bu çalışmada Iğdır ilinde hanehalkının en uygun içme suyu tipini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için Iğdır ili Merkez ilçede yaşayan 17-75 yaş aralığında 400 bireyle yüz-yüze görüşme yapılmıştır. Çalışmada tüketici ve ailesine yönelik sosyo- ekonomik ve demografik sorular ile içme ve kullanma suyu tüketimine yönelik sorular sorulmuştur. Anket sayısının belirlenmesinde ana kitle oranlarına dayalı basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile en uygun içme suyu tipinin belirlenmesinde Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre içme suyu olarak hanelerin %38’i şişe suyunu, %35’i arıtma cihazlı şebeke suyunu, %13’ü mahalle çeşmesi veya kaynak suyunu, %13’ü arıtma cihazı olmadan belediye şebeke suyunu, %1'i de arıtma cihazlı kaynak suyunu kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Hanehalkı için aylık ortalama su faturası 40.14 TL ve şişe su harcaması 86.42 TL’dir. Günlük kişi başına içilen su miktarı 2.27 L olup 1.03 L’si şişe sudur. Hanehalkının %32.36’sı şişe suyu, %27.56’sı arıtılmış suyu, %21.27’si çeşme ve kuyu gibi kaynak sularını ve %18.80 ise belediye şebeke suyunu fiyat, hijyen, mineral, tat ve ulaşım kriterlerine göre tercih ettikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarının Iğdır iline içme ve kullanma suyu arz eden belediye yetkililerine ve içme suyu sağlayan arıtma cihazı ve şişe su pazarlayan firmalara yol göstereceği düşünülmektedir.