This study seeks to understand the effects of new hydrogels based on Oregano^® essential oil, Frankincense^® essential oil, and the Thieves^® blend, which includes clove, lemon, cinnamon bark, eucalyptus radiata, rosemary extract, and Frankincense^® essential oil through in vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial analysis. Mesenchymal stem cells (D1MSCs) generated from the dental papilla of human wisdom teeth germs were used to test the hydrogels’ cytotoxicity (D1MSCs). The chemical makeup of the tested essential oils (EO) was determined using GC-MS analysis, and their presence in the novel hydrogels was determined using UV-VIS analysis. The primary constituents of the essential oils identified as being present were eugenol, pinene, limonene, carvacrol, and cymene. The primary constituents from essential oils identified by the absorption spectra included eugenol, pinene, limonene, carvacrol, and cymene. The presence of essential oils in the hydrogel composition was also clearly discernible. All of the studied compounds had a reduced cytotoxic effect on cell cultures, proving the lack of in vitro toxicity of the gels. This study demonstrates that hydrogels enriched with pure natural extracts of essential oils have a tangible in vitro antimicrobial potential, especially for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus.

Veterinary minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has experienced notable growth in recent years, yet the availability of specialized training tools remains limited and not readily accessible to practitioners worldwide. While borrowing simulators from human medicine practices suffices for acquiring fundamental laparoscopic skills, it proves inadequate when addressing procedure-specific nuances. Veterinary professionals are now taking steps to create simulators tailored to their patients, although the validation process can be time-consuming. Consequently, the availability of advanced laparoscopic simulators for veterinary training remains scarce. The present study aims to highlight custom-made simulators. A comprehensive search across five databases was conducted to uncover the simulators documented from 2010 to 2022. A total of five simulators emerged from this search, with four grounded in a canine model and only one in an equine model. These models underwent validation and were found to be effective in training surgeons for their designated tasks. The findings underscore a limited array of simulators, predominantly catering to two species (horses and dogs). Considering these findings, it is evident that further research is imperative to create laparoscopic simulators capable of facilitating advanced veterinary training. This would enable the continued evolution of surgical techniques across diverse species, including ruminants, small mammals, and non-mammalian animals.

"Minimally invasive surgery is constantly improving and breaking grounds due to its benefits such as, fast recovery and less pain. But these procedures need a lot of effort from the surgeon, more than an opened technique, since the focus becomes a monitor and not a directly visible organ. In cats two procedures can be performed for spaying, ovariectomy and ovariohisterectomy. The first one can be performed using a two port laparoscopy technique. This study describes the surgical approach for a laparoscopic two port ovariectomy and emphasizes on the time needed for the procedure, taking into study 8 young healthy short hair cats and a veterinary surgeon with limited experience in laparoscopy, but with some little experience in using the laparoscopic instrumentation. None of the surgeries needed conversion. In one case we observed a wound dehiscence, that healed by secondary healing. The surgeon’s time of surgery improved as the number of cases increased."

Background: Mastitis is a condition affecting various animals, including hamsters, gerbils, mice, and rats. While these species are frequently used as models for studying mammary gland infections in biomedical research, there is limited understanding of their natural occurrence, epidemiology, and management. This review examines the anatomy, causes, clinical signs, pathology, and treatment of mastitis in small pet rodents, highlighting existing knowledge gaps and emphasizing the need for further research. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first review focusing on mastitis in small pet rodents, underlining the importance of maintaining mammary gland health in these pets.

Bite wounds are one of the top three causes of trauma in dogs, with an overrepresentation of small-breed intact males. Depending on the severity and the location of the wounds, they can be minor or can lead to serious and life-threatening complications. This report aims to highlight the importance of detailed examination and careful monitoring of a patient presented with bite wounds, despite the first clinical appearance. A 4-year-old intact male Jack Russel Terrier was presented to the Emergency Clinic of FMV Cluj-Napoca after being bitten by another dog. It presented two skin wounds, one in the right inguinal region, where the femoral artery was exposed and the other one on the right thigh. Surgical debridement, Penrose drain application and a Tie-Over bandage were performed in the inguinal area, as well as prescrotal orchiectomy. Two days later the patient’s clinical status deteriorated and active bleeding signs were observed from the inguinal wound site. At a closer inspection the source of haemorrhage was found to be a laceration of the femoral artery. The artery was clamped and limb amputation from the hip was performed. During hospitalization, the dog developed further complications and received blood transfusion and intensive care treatment, including conservative management of the thigh wound that became necrotic. After 9 days from presentation, the general health of the patient improved and it was discharged with ambulatory treatment for the wound. Thirty-six days later it was considered to be completely healed. In conclusion, this report underlines the potential for seemingly minor bite wounds to mask severe underlying injuries, emphasizing the critical need for thorough initial assessment, vigilant monitoring for delayed complications, and prompt, aggressive intervention when necessary.