Background: We aimed to compare the perinatal outcomes of dichorionic/diamniotic twin (DC/DA) pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization (IVF) with those resulting from spontaneous DC/DA pregnancies. Methods: The study group included 99 women with DC/DA pregnancies resulting from IVF, and the control group included 92 women with spontaneous DC/DA pregnancies. Maternal demographic characteristics (age, parity, and gravidity), pre-existing conditions (chronic hypertension and pregestational diabetes mellitus), and obstetric history were recorded. Pregnancy outcomes included gestational age at delivery, number of fetuses, and mode of delivery. The antepartum complications that we evaluated include first- and second-trimester bleeding, placenta previa, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction (FGR), oligohydramnios, and tocolytic use. The obstetric complications that we assessed include prematurity, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), and hydrops fetalis. Additionally, neonatal data such as 1st minute and 5th minute Apgar scores, birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, presence of congenital anomalies, and neonatal death were recorded, and comparisons were made between the groups. Results: Women in the IVF group were older (34.7 ± 6.9 vs. 32.3 ± 6.1 years, p = 0.03) and more frequently primiparous (73.7% vs. 37.0%, p < 0.001). The mean gestational age at delivery was slightly lower in the IVF group, though this was not statistically significant (34.3 ± 3.5 vs. 35.1 ± 2.5 weeks, p = 0.101). Cesarean delivery was common in both groups, with comparable overall rates (90.9% vs. 94.6%, p = 0.411), but emergency cesarean section occurred more frequently in IVF pregnancies (81.8% vs. 55.8%, p = 0.001). No significant differences were found regarding chronic hypertension or pregestational diabetes. However, several differences were demonstrated in terms of obstetric complications. For example, preterm births and fetal growth restriction (FGR) were significantly more frequent in IVF pregnancies (59.8% vs. 30.4%, p < 0.001), and tocolytic use was also more frequent (56.6% vs. 29.7%, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in terms of placenta previa, oligohydramnios, TTTS, hydrops fetalis, and neonatal outcomes. The logistic regression analysis revealed that IVF pregnancies were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth: OR 3.45, 95% CI 1.85–6.78 (p < 0.001); the risk of FGR was also higher in IVF pregnancies: OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.02–4.37 (p = 0.015). However, tocolytic use was not significantly associated with IVF: OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.50–4.44 (p = 0.471). Conclusions: Although DC/DA pregnancies conceived through IVF have a higher risk of preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and greater use of tocolytic agents than spontaneous DC/DA pregnancies, their neonatal outcomes are similar.

Background: Maternal anti-D antibody titers are routinely used for risk stratification in RhD alloimmunization before the development of fetal anemia. However, their association with disease severity and perinatal outcomes among pregnancies that have already progressed to severe fetal anemia requiring intrauterine transfusion (IUT) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal anti-D antibody titers, disease severity, and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by severe RhD alloimmunization requiring IUT. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 38 RhD-alloimmunized pregnancies complicated by severe fetal anemia and managed with IUT at a tertiary referral center between January 2017 and December 2022. Maternal characteristics, anti-D antibody titers, presence of hydrops fetalis, IUT characteristics, delivery data, neonatal outcomes, and mortality were evaluated. Maternal anti-D antibody titers were analyzed in relation to disease severity and perinatal outcomes. Results: Hydrops fetalis was present in 24 fetuses (63.2%). The mean maternal age was 30.3 ± 4.8 years, and the mean gestational age at diagnosis was 23.5 ± 5.8 weeks. Maternal anti-D antibody titers were significantly higher in pregnancies complicated by hydrops fetalis than in non-hydropic pregnancies (p = 0.014). No significant associations were observed between maternal anti-D antibody titers and intrauterine fetal demise, neonatal mortality, neonatal intensive care unit admission, Apgar scores, or the number of IUT procedures. Conclusions: Among pregnancies with severe RhD alloimmunization requiring intrauterine transfusion, higher maternal anti-D antibody titers were associated with hydrops fetalis, suggesting an association with disease severity. However, no statistically significant associations were observed between maternal anti-D antibody titers and other evaluated perinatal outcomes in this high-risk cohort. These findings indicate that, once severe fetal anemia requiring IUT has developed, maternal anti-D antibody titers should be interpreted alongside fetal Doppler surveillance and comprehensive clinical assessment rather than as independent predictors of perinatal prognosis.

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to assess additional findings reported on fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after targeted neurosonography in fetuses with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC). Methods: This retrospective cohort included 129 singleton pregnancies with complete or partial ACC evaluated at a tertiary referral center between January 2020 and January 2023. All underwent fetal MRI within 7 days of neurosonography. Incremental findings were abnormalities not identified on the preceding examination. Final isolated or non-isolated classification incorporated both modalities. Results: MRI reported at least one incremental intracranial or craniofacial finding in 42/129 fetuses (32.6%). The most frequent findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (15/129, 11.6%), vermian agenesis (11/129, 8.5%), and arachnoid cysts (9/129, 7.0%). Final classification identified 71 isolated and 58 non-isolated cases. Among 77 tested fetuses, 15 had aneuploidy; the frequency was higher in non-isolated cases (14/37 versus 1/40; p < 0.001). Conclusions: MRI provided additional anatomical information after neurosonography in approximately one-third of this referral cohort. These findings support assessment beyond confirmation of ACC, but do not establish diagnostic accuracy, improved parental decisions, or long-term prognostic benefit.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare maternal and neonatal birth outcomes in pregnant women who re-ceived epidural anesthesia during labor and those who did not.Methods: The study included 129 term pregnant women. The women were divided into two groups based on whether they received epidural anesthesia (Epidural group: n=57, Control group: n=72). Demographic characteristics, delivery times, maternal outcomes (mode of delivery, episiotomy, hemoglobin decrease), and neonatal outcomes such as birth weight, APGAR scores, and neonatal intensive care requirements were retrospectively evaluated.Results: No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of age (24.40±5.09 vs 25.61±5.68, p>0.05) and gestational age (38.65±1.40 vs 38.69±1.47, p>0.05). The second stage of labor was significantly longer in the epidural anesthesia group (38.18±25.50 min vs 24.27±13.50 min, p=0.001). The episiotomy rate was higher in the epidural anes-thesia group (61.4% vs. 51.4%). Birth weight (3230.73±438.89 g vs. 3208.60±384.86 g), 1-minute APGAR score (8.40±0.74 vs 8.43±0.65), and 5-minute APGAR score (9.47±0.66 vs 9.44±0.65). Hemoglobin decrease was similar in both groups (1.44±0.97 g/dL vs 1.41±0.81 g/dL).Conclusions: Epidural anesthesia prolongs the second stage of labor and was not independently associated with in-creased episiotomy rates. However, it has no adverse effect on neonatal outcomes and is safe in terms of maternal bleed-ing. Epidural anesthesia can be used as an effective and safe option for labor pain management.