A method for stimulating the growth of spruce and strawberry in the early phases of development is proposed. A technology for obtaining plasma-activated water (PAW) with the help of a glow discharge plasma generator was developed. The method is proposed for increasing the shelf life of PAW by adding an aqueous colloid of polyvinylpyrralidone (PVP) polymer. It is shown that after treatment with a PAW + PVP mixture, the seeds have a higher percentage of germination, the plants develop faster in the early stages, and they are more viable. At the physicochemical level, after seed treatment with PAW + PVP, higher rates of metabolite outflow from seeds are observed. At the biological level, seed treatment with PAW + PVP leads to a slight decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and a higher content of chlorophylls in the leaves, and a slightly higher assimilation rate is observed. In the leaves, there is higher content of the growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), whereas the content of the growth-inhibiting hormone abscisic acid decreases. The use of a stimulating drug based on the composition of an aqueous solution activated by plasma and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAW + PVP) polymer can be an effective means of a single pre-sowing treatment of spruce seeds in solving the problem of reforestation and strawberry during plant propagation.

In this study, we investigated the effect of plasma-activated liquids (PAL) on the cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth under laboratory and field conditions. We used two types of PAL: deionized water activated with plasma generated using a microwave plasmatron in atmospheric-pressure air flow (PAW) and a 1.5% KNO₃ solution activated using plasma generated in an electrochemical cell (PAKNO₃). These treatments differ in terms of their content of long-lived biologically active compounds. PAW contains a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide (150 μM compared to 1.1 μM), while PAKNO₃ is more saturated with NO₂⁻ and NO₃⁻ (1510 μM compared to 300 µM). We found that PAW improved cotton plant growth under field conditions and in a laboratory drought stress. Additionally, PAW increased field emergence and germination of heat-treated cotton seeds in the laboratory. It was revealed that PAW prevents the drought-induced disruption of the partitioning of absorbed light energy in the photosynthetic apparatus. Meanwhile, PAKNO₃ has a positive effect on seed germination. The positive effect of PALs on cotton seeds and plants is thought to be due to the generation of long-lived biologically active oxygen and nitrogen species during plasma treatment of the liquid.

This review summarizes recent studies on the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in plant in vitro clonal micropropagation and secondary metabolite production. The analyzed applications include culture initiation, shoot multiplication, rooting, acclimatization, callus culture, and hairy root culture. Because NPs’ effects are strongly endpoint-dependent, their effectiveness is evaluated separately for micropropagation endpoints, including contamination control, explant survival, multiplication rate, shoot and root development, and plantlet quality, and for metabolite-production endpoints, including biomass accumulation, target metabolite concentration, and total metabolite yield. Based on the quantitative analysis of published data, the most frequently beneficial NP size range was 20–60 nm, whereas effective concentrations, combining a positive effect on plant growth and the synthesis of secondary metabolites, were mainly within 1–120 mg L⁻¹. For the most extensively studied NPs, the corresponding indicative concentration ranges were 15–45 mg L⁻¹ for 25–40 nm Ag-NPs, 75–200 mg L⁻¹ for 15–45 nm ZnO-NPs, 120–150 mg L⁻¹ for 50–80 nm Se-NPs, and 90–145 mg L⁻¹ for 54–55 nm Si-based NPs. Ag- and carbon-based nanomaterials showed relatively strong overall responses in micropropagation datasets, whereas Ag- and Se-NPs were often associated with enhanced target metabolite accumulation. NP responses depend on particle composition, synthesis method, surface properties, dose, culture system, species, genotype, and may involve phytotoxic or residue-related risks.

The influence of various mechanical influences (transfusion, stirring, vibration, shaking, etc.) and magnetic installations (used in the application of spin chemistry methods) on colloidal solutions of protein and water, which are often used in pharmaceutical production, was studied. It has been shown that when mechanical influences are applied, physical and chemical properties of water and aqueous colloids of the IgG protein are changed. Magnetic fields do not have a significant effect on water; however, variation in a number of physical and chemical characteristics is observed in protein colloids. Moreover, the effect after exposure to magnetic fields with a frequency of 8 Hz is higher compared to the effect after exposure to magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz. This effect persists even at extremely low concentrations of IgG protein molecules. The measurement system proposed in this work makes it possible to monitor the state of protein molecules in a non-invasive mode. In the future, optical and potentiometric methods built into flow systems can be used at all stages of the production of protein pharmaceuticals.

The studing the efficiency of new magnesium-containing fertilizer “AktiMax” use for priming soft winter wheat seeds of the “Skipetr” variety. The effect of the fertilizer is compared with the negative (no fertilizer) and positive (“Novosil”) controls. During the study, the optimal concentration 2.6 ml/l of the solution for processing by the selected method is found, which is equivalent to 20% of the recommended by the manufacturer (13 ml/l). At treating with a solution of this concentration, a slight decrease in seed germination is observed, and growth parameter records taken after 7 days showed an increase in leaf length by 15–20%. A slight decrease in the number of roots (by 10%) and branching of the root system is observed, which is presumably due to the availability of the fertilizer components. The effect fertilizer on the photosynthetic apparatus, carbon dioxide assimilation and transpiration rate when use in a range of concentrations is studied. On average, the transpiration activity increased by 2 times in the variant with the working concentration and by 1.8 times in the variant with one fifth of the working concentration. A slight increase in the efficiency of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching is revealed in plants at the “AktiMax” application. The efficiency of seed priming method use to stimulate the rate of winter wheat development is demonstrated that leads to reduction of unfavorable outcomes risks.

The paper present the historical scope of the triterpene acids usage in agriculture and industry. On the territory of the Russian Federation, according to data for 2023, 4 agrochemicals based on triterpene acids are registered: “Biosil”, “Alfastim”, “Verva”, “Novosil”. Experimental studies carried out in laboratory conditions using original techniques and GLP- practices allow to determine effective concentrations systematically improving the state of organs and tissues of cereals at different stages of ontogenesis. Both triterpene-containing and chelated forms of trace elements shown to affect the effective development of roots and stems. Work in this direction is laborious, however, it expands the variability of knowledge on crop quality and volume management and requires expanding of the research.