This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Prof. Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir
Advanced Lightning, Power and Energy Research Centre (ALPER), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Lightning Protection
0 High Voltage Engineering
0 insulation coordination
0 Transmission and distribution line performance
0 Power system transients

Fingerprints

Lightning Protection
insulation coordination
Transmission and distribution line performance

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Review
Published: 14 August 2021 in Applied Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Designing an effective grounding system for AC substations needs predetermination of ground resistance and ground potential distribution caused by fault current’s presence in the ground. Therefore, it is necessary to have a suitable grounding grid structure in the soil properties in which the grid is buried. Though the soil composition where the grounding grid is located is typically non-homogeneous, the soil is often presumed to be homogeneous due to the complexities of grounding system analysis in non-homogeneous soil. This assumption will lead to inaccuracies in the computation of ground resistance and ground potentials. Although extensive research has been done on non-homogeneous soil structure, comprehensive literature on grounding system performance in non-homogeneous soil is yet to be reviewed. Thus, this paper reviews the effect of non-homogeneous soil on the grounding system, with different soil characteristics in horizontal and vertical two-layer soil structure and the horizontal three-layer soil structure. In addition, the effect of design parameters on the grounding performance in non-homogeneous soil conditions for non-transient fault conditions is also studied. The significance of this study is that it provides a comprehensive review of grounding performance as grounding design changes and their effects as soil layers and their corresponding features change. This knowledge will be useful in developing safe grounding designs in non-homogeneous soil.

ACS Style

Navinesshani Permal; Miszaina Osman; Azrul Mohd Ariffin; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir. Effect of Non-Homogeneous Soil Characteristics on Substation Grounding-Grid Performances: A Review. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7468 .

AMA Style

Navinesshani Permal, Miszaina Osman, Azrul Mohd Ariffin, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir. Effect of Non-Homogeneous Soil Characteristics on Substation Grounding-Grid Performances: A Review. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (16):7468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Navinesshani Permal; Miszaina Osman; Azrul Mohd Ariffin; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir. 2021. "Effect of Non-Homogeneous Soil Characteristics on Substation Grounding-Grid Performances: A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16: 7468.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2021 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

This paper presents an optimum earthing system design for improving the lightning performance of a 500 kV transmission line for its sustainable operation. The study includes an interpretation of the soil profile and compares the results between default and new earthing arrangements for improving tower footing resistance and tower footing impedance. An evaluation of the tower footing resistance (TFR) and impedance (Ri) before and after earthing improvement was carried out. Moreover, the effects of TFR and Ri, also known as low and high-frequency earthing, respectively, based on a specification of TFR and soil resistivity (SR) ranges at various sites were also considered. The analysis was carried out using the SESCAD tool of Current Distribution Electromagnetic Field Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis software (CDEGS) and PSCAD/EMTDC software for low and high frequency earthing, respectively. From the analysis, the results showed that the new earthing arrangement reduced the TFR by 74.11% for Tower T40, 75.71% for Tower T41 and 80.83% for Tower T42. For Ri, the results also demonstrated that the values were significantly decreased below the TFR during a high frequency operation due to the soil ionisation phenomenon that took place during the lightning. All these improvements are now being investigated and studied in all 500 kV networks in Malaysia, where lightning is considered as a major threat in relation to power outages.

ACS Style

Nur Mohamad Nasir; Mohd Ab Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Muhamad Abd Rahman; Ungku Ungku Amirulddin; Mohd Mohd Nasir; Nur Zaini; Nik Nik Ali. Influence of Lightning Current Parameters and Earthing System Designs on Tower Footing Impedance of 500 kV Lines. Energies 2021, 14, 4736 .

AMA Style

Nur Mohamad Nasir, Mohd Ab Kadir, Miszaina Osman, Muhamad Abd Rahman, Ungku Ungku Amirulddin, Mohd Mohd Nasir, Nur Zaini, Nik Nik Ali. Influence of Lightning Current Parameters and Earthing System Designs on Tower Footing Impedance of 500 kV Lines. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):4736.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nur Mohamad Nasir; Mohd Ab Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Muhamad Abd Rahman; Ungku Ungku Amirulddin; Mohd Mohd Nasir; Nur Zaini; Nik Nik Ali. 2021. "Influence of Lightning Current Parameters and Earthing System Designs on Tower Footing Impedance of 500 kV Lines." Energies 14, no. 16: 4736.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2021 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Improving a tower earthing system by reducing the impedance is an effective solution to prevent back flashover from occurring and thus maintaining the sustainable operation of power supply. Knowledge of the soil and earthing structure is an important element when designing an earthing system and to determine the parameters of a transmission line (TL). This paper presents the computation of soil structure interpretation based on several earthing designs using current distribution, electromagnetic interference, grounding, and soil structure analysis (CDEGS) software. The results showed that each tower has a multi-layer soil structure and it was also found that the soil resistivity at the surface layer strongly affected the earthing impedance. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that soil structure and the earthing design arrangement are the two parameters that significantly affected the ground potential rise (GPR). This aspect affects the resistance and impulse impedance of a tower and thus influences the performance of the TL system when subjected to lightning strike, which is undoubtedly one of the major culprits of power outages in Malaysia.

ACS Style

Nur Mohamad Nasir; Mohd Ab Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Muhamad Abd Rahman; Ungku Ungku Amirulddin; Mohd Mohd Nasir; Nur Zaini; Nik Nik Ali. Impact of Earthing System Designs and Soil Characteristics on Tower Footing Impedance and Ground Potential Rise: A Modelling Approach for Sustainable Power Operation. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8370 .

AMA Style

Nur Mohamad Nasir, Mohd Ab Kadir, Miszaina Osman, Muhamad Abd Rahman, Ungku Ungku Amirulddin, Mohd Mohd Nasir, Nur Zaini, Nik Nik Ali. Impact of Earthing System Designs and Soil Characteristics on Tower Footing Impedance and Ground Potential Rise: A Modelling Approach for Sustainable Power Operation. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8370.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nur Mohamad Nasir; Mohd Ab Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Muhamad Abd Rahman; Ungku Ungku Amirulddin; Mohd Mohd Nasir; Nur Zaini; Nik Nik Ali. 2021. "Impact of Earthing System Designs and Soil Characteristics on Tower Footing Impedance and Ground Potential Rise: A Modelling Approach for Sustainable Power Operation." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8370.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2021 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The advancement of material technology has contributed to the variation of high-performance composites with good electrical insulation and mechanical properties. Their usage in electrical applications has grown since then. In Malaysia, the composite made of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) has been adopted for crossarm manufacturing and has successfully served 275 kV lines for a few decades. However, the combination of extreme conditions such as lightning transient and tropical climate can impose threats to the material. These issues have become major topics of discussion among the utilities in the Southeast Asian (SEA) region, and also in previous research. In Malaysia, more than 50% of total interruptions were caused by lightning. Limited studies can be found on the composite crossarm, especially on the square tube GFRP filled crossarm used in Malaysia. Therefore, this paper proposes to study the behavior of the particular GFRP crossarm, by means of its insulation characteristics. Experimental and simulation approaches are used. Throughout the study, the GFRP specimen is known to have an average breakdown strength at 7.2 kV/mm. In addition, the CFO voltages of the crossarm at different lengths are presented, whereby the behavior under dry and wet conditions is comparably discussed. At the same time, the polarity effect on the CFO voltages is highlighted. The maximum E-fields at the immediate moment before breakdown are analyzed by adopting the finite element method (FEM). Non-uniform distribution of E-fields is witnessed at different parts of the crossarm structure. Simultaneously, the maximum field localized on the crossarm immediately before the breakdown is also presented.

ACS Style

Muhammad Abd Rahman; Mohd Ab Kadir; Muhamad Abd Rahman; Miszaina Osman; Shamsul Mohd Nor; Noorlina Zainuddin. Investigation of Insulation Characteristics of GFRP Crossarm Subjected to Lightning Transient. Energies 2021, 14, 4386 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Abd Rahman, Mohd Ab Kadir, Muhamad Abd Rahman, Miszaina Osman, Shamsul Mohd Nor, Noorlina Zainuddin. Investigation of Insulation Characteristics of GFRP Crossarm Subjected to Lightning Transient. Energies. 2021; 14 (14):4386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Abd Rahman; Mohd Ab Kadir; Muhamad Abd Rahman; Miszaina Osman; Shamsul Mohd Nor; Noorlina Zainuddin. 2021. "Investigation of Insulation Characteristics of GFRP Crossarm Subjected to Lightning Transient." Energies 14, no. 14: 4386.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2021 in Applied Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

This paper presents a comparative analysis of different earthing designs’ performances, with particular interest on the use of earthing enhancing compound (EEC) for a selected earthing design of 500 kV transmission towers in a rocky soil, using the SESCAD tool of the Current distribution, electromagnetic field grounding and soil structure analysis (CDEGS) software. The simulation included the interpretation of soil profile and comparison between designs A, B and C, which are currently used for the 500 kV tower footing resistance (TFR) improvement. Results showed each design had reduced the TFR by 66%, 54.7% and 63.2% for the towers T42, T48 and T50, respectively. In some cases, further improvement of TFR is required, especially in the rocky area where the soil resistivity (SR) value is of more than 500 Ω⋅m. In this case, EEC was used in Design C, encasing both the vertical and horizontal electrodes, and it reduced the TFR further by 16% to 20%. The characteristics of the soil and earthing arrangement design play an important role in achieving a low TFR value, which is directly proportional to the backflashover occurrence and thus to the transmission line performance.

ACS Style

Nur Nasir; Mohd Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Muhamad Abd Rahman; Ungku Ungku Amirulddin; Mohd Mohd Nasir; Nur Zaini; Nik Nik Ali. Effect of Earthing Enhancing Compound (EEC) on Improving Tower Footing Resistance of a 500 kV Tower in a Rocky Area. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5623 .

AMA Style

Nur Nasir, Mohd Kadir, Miszaina Osman, Muhamad Abd Rahman, Ungku Ungku Amirulddin, Mohd Mohd Nasir, Nur Zaini, Nik Nik Ali. Effect of Earthing Enhancing Compound (EEC) on Improving Tower Footing Resistance of a 500 kV Tower in a Rocky Area. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (12):5623.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nur Nasir; Mohd Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Muhamad Abd Rahman; Ungku Ungku Amirulddin; Mohd Mohd Nasir; Nur Zaini; Nik Nik Ali. 2021. "Effect of Earthing Enhancing Compound (EEC) on Improving Tower Footing Resistance of a 500 kV Tower in a Rocky Area." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12: 5623.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2021 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

This paper discusses the lightning-induced voltage effect on a hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage system with the presence of surge protection devices (SPD). Solar PV functions by utilizing solar energy, in generating electricity, to supply to the customer. To ensure its consistency, battery energy storage is introduced to cater to the energy demand. For the countries located at the Equator, lightning has always become a major issue for the system to operate at maximum efficiency, due to its nature of installation in open space areas where the equipment may suffer serious damage that may stop the operation abruptly. To minimize the possible damages, insulation coordination on the lightning protection system is needed. Hence, three case studies, i.e., lightning current amplitude, lightning strike distance, and cable length are presented in this paper, which the quantified analysis is taking into account, to identify the performance of the system with the single installation of SPD Class II at DC and AC sides. The simulation results have contributed towards a better understanding of the importance of SPDs, and the need to properly coordinate according to the standard, taking into account the quantified information obtained from this work, hence providing the necessity of proper installation of SPD will provide better maintenance and prolong the lifespan of the equipment.

ACS Style

Nor Ahmad; Zaipatimah Ali; Mohd Ab. Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Nur Zaini; Muhammad Roslan. Analysis of Lightning-Induced Voltages Effect with SPD Placement for Sustainable Operation in Hybrid Solar PV-Battery Energy Storage System. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6889 .

AMA Style

Nor Ahmad, Zaipatimah Ali, Mohd Ab. Kadir, Miszaina Osman, Nur Zaini, Muhammad Roslan. Analysis of Lightning-Induced Voltages Effect with SPD Placement for Sustainable Operation in Hybrid Solar PV-Battery Energy Storage System. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6889.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nor Ahmad; Zaipatimah Ali; Mohd Ab. Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Nur Zaini; Muhammad Roslan. 2021. "Analysis of Lightning-Induced Voltages Effect with SPD Placement for Sustainable Operation in Hybrid Solar PV-Battery Energy Storage System." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6889.

Review
Published: 21 May 2021 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

An auto-restoration tool to minimize the impact of faults is one of the critical requirements in a power distribution system. A fault-monitoring system is needed for practical remote supervision to identify faults and reduce their impacts, and thus reduce economic losses. An effective fault-monitoring system is beneficial to improve the reliability of a protection system when faults evolve. Therefore, fault monitoring could play an important role in enhancing the safety standards of systems. Among the various fault occurrences, the transient fault is a prominent cause in Malaysia power systems but gains less attention due to its ability of self-clearance, although sometimes it unnecessarily triggers the operation of protection systems. However, the transient fault is an issue that must be addressed based on its effect that can lead to outages and short-circuits if prolonged. In this study, the authors summarize the guidelines and related standards of fault interaction associated with a monitoring system. The necessity of transient fault detection and location techniques and their limitations, the need for signal processing, as well as recommended practices, are also discussed in this paper. Some of the practices from local power utility are also shared, indicating the current approaches, key challenges, and the opportunities for improvement of fault-monitoring systems due to transient fault, which can be correlated with the reviews provided.

ACS Style

Saidatul Asman; Nur Ab Aziz; Ungku Ungku Amirulddin; Mohd Ab Kadir. Transient Fault Detection and Location in Power Distribution Network: A Review of Current Practices and Challenges in Malaysia. Energies 2021, 14, 2988 .

AMA Style

Saidatul Asman, Nur Ab Aziz, Ungku Ungku Amirulddin, Mohd Ab Kadir. Transient Fault Detection and Location in Power Distribution Network: A Review of Current Practices and Challenges in Malaysia. Energies. 2021; 14 (11):2988.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saidatul Asman; Nur Ab Aziz; Ungku Ungku Amirulddin; Mohd Ab Kadir. 2021. "Transient Fault Detection and Location in Power Distribution Network: A Review of Current Practices and Challenges in Malaysia." Energies 14, no. 11: 2988.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

This paper presents a statistical algorithm for classification of fault causes on power transmission lines. The proposed algorithm is based upon the root mean square (RMS) current duration, voltage dip, and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) measured at the sending end of a line and the decision tree method, a commonly accessible measurable method. Fault duration of RMS current signal, voltage dip, and DWT gives concealed data of a fault signature as a contribution to decision tree calculation which is utilized to classify various fault causes. The proposed method was carried out in the MATLAB/SIMULINK programming platform based upon the information made with the fault analysis of the 275 kV sample transmission line considering wide variations in the operating conditions. The classifier performance of different parameters was also compared in a confusion matrix form to obtain the best classification results of the decision tree.

ACS Style

Saidatul Asman; Nur Ab Aziz; Ungku Ungku Amirulddin; Mohd Ab Kadir. Decision Tree Method for Fault Causes Classification Based on RMS-DWT Analysis in 275 kV Transmission Lines Network. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4031 .

AMA Style

Saidatul Asman, Nur Ab Aziz, Ungku Ungku Amirulddin, Mohd Ab Kadir. Decision Tree Method for Fault Causes Classification Based on RMS-DWT Analysis in 275 kV Transmission Lines Network. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):4031.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saidatul Asman; Nur Ab Aziz; Ungku Ungku Amirulddin; Mohd Ab Kadir. 2021. "Decision Tree Method for Fault Causes Classification Based on RMS-DWT Analysis in 275 kV Transmission Lines Network." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 4031.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

With increased electrical energy demands projected in the future, the development of a hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)–battery energy storage system is considered a good option. However, since such systems are normally installed outdoors and in open areas, they are vulnerable to lightning strikes and may suffer from malfunctions or significant damage to sensitive components, which may result in a major breakdown and loss of revenue due to equipment replacement costs and inefficient operation. Thus, the objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of lightning-induced overvoltage on a hybrid solar PV–battery energy storage system, considering indirect lightning strikes nearby the system. The presented hybrid solar PV–battery energy storage system and lightning-induced overvoltage are modeled in Electro-Magnetic Transient Program-Restructured Version (EMTP-RV) software. The lightning-induced overvoltage is simulated based on a lightning waveshape of 10/350 µs using the Heidler expression, whilst the Rusck model is used to simulate the lightning-induced overvoltage. Different lightning current amplitudes (3, 19, and 169 kA), lightning strike locations (20, 50, and 100 m), and cable lengths (5, 10, and 20 m) are used to investigate the induced effects on the system and on the impulse withstand voltage of 6kV, as stated in MS IEC 60664-1 for solar PV–battery systems and inverters at the DC side. The results indicate that as the lightning strike distance increases from 20 to 100 m, the percentage of strikes exceeding the impulse withstand voltage reduces from 67% to 54% at 19 kA. At 169 kA, the impulse withstand voltage is exceeded by more than 100%, regardless of the strike distance (from 20 to 100 m). Furthermore, differences in cable length do not have much impact on the lightning-induced overvoltage due to the small voltage drop across the short cable length. This study provides useful information for PV systems owners and will be useful in assigning appropriate lightning protection schemes for PV farms.

ACS Style

Nor Ahmad; Zaipatimah Ali; Mohd Ab. Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Nur Zaini; Muhammad Roslan. Impacts of Lightning-Induced Overvoltage on a Hybrid Solar PV–Battery Energy Storage System. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3633 .

AMA Style

Nor Ahmad, Zaipatimah Ali, Mohd Ab. Kadir, Miszaina Osman, Nur Zaini, Muhammad Roslan. Impacts of Lightning-Induced Overvoltage on a Hybrid Solar PV–Battery Energy Storage System. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (8):3633.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nor Ahmad; Zaipatimah Ali; Mohd Ab. Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Nur Zaini; Muhammad Roslan. 2021. "Impacts of Lightning-Induced Overvoltage on a Hybrid Solar PV–Battery Energy Storage System." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3633.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2021 in Materials
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The fourth rail transit is an interesting topic to be shared and accessed by the community within that area of expertise. Several ongoing works are currently being conducted especially in the aspects of system technical performances including the rail bracket component and the sensitivity analyses on the various rail designs. Furthermore, the lightning surge study on railway electrification is significant due to the fact that only a handful of publications are available in this regard, especially on the fourth rail transit. For this reason, this paper presents a study on the electrical performance of a fourth rail Direct Current (DC) urban transit affected by an indirect lightning strike. The indirect lightning strike was modelled by means of the Rusck model and the sum of two Heidler functions. The simulations were carried out using the EMTP-RV software which included the performance comparison of polymer-insulated rail brackets, namely the Cast Epoxy (CE), the Cycloaliphatic Epoxy A (CEA), and the Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) together with the station arresters when subjected by 30 kA (5/80 µs) and 90 kA (9/200 µs) lightning currents. The results obtained demonstrated that the GRP material has been able to slightly lower its induced overvoltage as compared to other materials, especially for the case of 90 kA (9/200 µs), and thus serves better coordination with the station arresters. This improvement has also reflected on the recorded residual voltage and energy absorption capacity of the arrester, respectively.

ACS Style

Farah Abd Rahman; Mohd Ab Kadir; Ungku Ungku Amirulddin; Miszaina Osman. Electrical Performance of Polymer-Insulated Rail Brackets of DC Transit Subjected to Lightning Induced Overvoltage. Materials 2021, 14, 1684 .

AMA Style

Farah Abd Rahman, Mohd Ab Kadir, Ungku Ungku Amirulddin, Miszaina Osman. Electrical Performance of Polymer-Insulated Rail Brackets of DC Transit Subjected to Lightning Induced Overvoltage. Materials. 2021; 14 (7):1684.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farah Abd Rahman; Mohd Ab Kadir; Ungku Ungku Amirulddin; Miszaina Osman. 2021. "Electrical Performance of Polymer-Insulated Rail Brackets of DC Transit Subjected to Lightning Induced Overvoltage." Materials 14, no. 7: 1684.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2021 in Nanomaterials
Reads 0
Downloads 0

This experimental study aims to examine the partial discharge (PD) properties of palm oil and coconut oil (CO) based aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanofluids with and without surfactants. The type of surfactant used in this study was sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The volume concentrations range of Al2O3 dispersed in oil samples was varied from 0.001% to 0.05%. The ratio of surfactants to nanoparticles was set to 1:2. In total, two different types of refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) and one type of CO were measured for PD. Mineral oil (MO) was also examined for comparison purpose. PDIV measurements for all samples were carried out based on rising voltage method whereby a needle-sphere electrode configuration with a gap distance of 50 mm was chosen in this study. Al2O3 improves the PDIVs of RBDPO, CO and MO whereby the highest improvements of PDIVs are 34%, 39.3% and 27%. The PD amplitude and repetition rate of RBDPO improve by 38% and 81% while for CO, it can increase up to 65% and 80% respectively. The improvement of PD amplitude and repetition rate for MO are 18% and 95%, regardless with and without SDS. Without SDS, the presence of Al2O3 could cause 26%, 75% and 65% reductions of the average emission of light signals for RBDPOA, RBDPOB and CO with the improvement of PD characteristics but both events do not correlate at the same volume concentration of Al2O3. On the other hand, the average emission of light signal levels of the oils increases with the introduction of SDS. The emission of light signal in MO does not correlate with the PD characteristics improvement either with or without SDS.

ACS Style

Nur Mohamad; Norhafiz Azis; Jasronita Jasni; Mohd Kadir; Robiah Yunus; Zaini Yaakub. Experimental Study on the Partial Discharge Characteristics of Palm Oil and Coconut Oil Based Al2O3 Nanofluids in the Presence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 786 .

AMA Style

Nur Mohamad, Norhafiz Azis, Jasronita Jasni, Mohd Kadir, Robiah Yunus, Zaini Yaakub. Experimental Study on the Partial Discharge Characteristics of Palm Oil and Coconut Oil Based Al2O3 Nanofluids in the Presence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (3):786.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nur Mohamad; Norhafiz Azis; Jasronita Jasni; Mohd Kadir; Robiah Yunus; Zaini Yaakub. 2021. "Experimental Study on the Partial Discharge Characteristics of Palm Oil and Coconut Oil Based Al2O3 Nanofluids in the Presence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3: 786.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2021 in Applied Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In this study, statistical distribution model (SDM) is used to predict the health index (HI) of transformers by utilizing the condition parameters data from dissolved gas analysis (DGA), oil quality analysis (OQA), and furanic compound analysis (FCA), respectively. First, the individual condition parameters data were categorized based on transformer age from year 1 to 15. Next, the individual condition parameters data for every age were fitted while using a probability plot to find the representative distribution models. The distribution parameters were calculated based on 95% confidence level and extrapolated from year 16 to 25 through representative fitting models. The individual condition parameters data within the period were later calculated based on the estimated distribution parameters through the inverse cumulative distribution function (ICDF) of the selected distribution models. The predicted HI was then determined based on the conventional scoring method. The Chi-square test for statistical hypothesis reveals that the predicted HI for the transformer data is quite close to the calculated HI. The average percentage of absolute error is 2.7%. The HI that is predicted based on SDM yields 97.83% accuracy for the transformer data.

ACS Style

Amran Mohd Selva; Norhafiz Azis; Nor Shariffudin; Mohd Ab Kadir; Jasronita Jasni; Muhammad Yahaya; Mohd Talib. Application of Statistical Distribution Models to Predict Health Index for Condition-Based Management of Transformers. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 2728 .

AMA Style

Amran Mohd Selva, Norhafiz Azis, Nor Shariffudin, Mohd Ab Kadir, Jasronita Jasni, Muhammad Yahaya, Mohd Talib. Application of Statistical Distribution Models to Predict Health Index for Condition-Based Management of Transformers. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (6):2728.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amran Mohd Selva; Norhafiz Azis; Nor Shariffudin; Mohd Ab Kadir; Jasronita Jasni; Muhammad Yahaya; Mohd Talib. 2021. "Application of Statistical Distribution Models to Predict Health Index for Condition-Based Management of Transformers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6: 2728.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2020 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The crossarm is an important component of transmission towers, providing insulation for transmission lines at different voltage ratings. Recently, composite crossarms were widely used as a composite tower component and were found to be the most favorable choice for replacing old wooden crossarms. Owing to the satisfactory pilot operation and multiple sets of testing, fiberglass-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite crossarms have been used in Malaysia in both 132 and 275 kV transmission lines since the late 1990′s. Since then, some modifications have been proposed to improve the mechanical performance of the crossarm, in order to ensure the reliability of its performance. In this investigation, the effect of a proposed improvement, achieved by installing a brace for the crossarm, was investigated numerically. A simulation study was conducted, with a consideration of the lightning impulse voltage (LIV) and swing angle exhibited by the crossarm. The potential and electric field (E-Field) distribution were analyzed and are presented in this paper. It was found that the potential distribution and E-Field strength for the crossarm and the surrounding air were greatly affected by the installation of the brace.

ACS Style

Muhammad Abd Rahman; Mohd Ab Kadir; Muhamad Ab-Rahman; Miszaina Osman; Shamsul Mohd Nor; Noorlina Mohd Zainuddin. Effects of a Crossarm Brace Application on a 275 kV Fiberglass-Reinforced Polymer Crossarm Subjected to a Lightning Impulse. Energies 2020, 13, 6248 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Abd Rahman, Mohd Ab Kadir, Muhamad Ab-Rahman, Miszaina Osman, Shamsul Mohd Nor, Noorlina Mohd Zainuddin. Effects of a Crossarm Brace Application on a 275 kV Fiberglass-Reinforced Polymer Crossarm Subjected to a Lightning Impulse. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Abd Rahman; Mohd Ab Kadir; Muhamad Ab-Rahman; Miszaina Osman; Shamsul Mohd Nor; Noorlina Mohd Zainuddin. 2020. "Effects of a Crossarm Brace Application on a 275 kV Fiberglass-Reinforced Polymer Crossarm Subjected to a Lightning Impulse." Energies 13, no. 23: 6248.

Review
Published: 23 November 2020 in IEEE Access
Reads 0
Downloads 0

This paper focuses on transits available around the world. AC voltage transits and DC voltage transit are reviewed and compared. Emphasis is given to differences, advantages and disadvantages of voltage supplies and traction types. First, differences between bus rapid transit (BRT), metro, light rail transit (LRT) and light metro are covered, with special attention to statistical of annual passengers per year, an attribute that defines the type of railway transit. Mention is also made to the history of DC and AC overhead wires, other traction preferences for metro transit and highlighted differences between the third rail and fourth rail traction. Malaysian transit systems are then discussed, with special attention to LRT Kelana Jaya line, world’s third DC transit that employs the fourth rail traction. The discussion have produced relevant statistical data that this paper is in part aimed at summarizing and at comparing with what accomplished on the same subject within the third rail traction framework. The increased in LRT Kelana Jaya line annual passengers per year is a proof of success for the fourth rail technology.

ACS Style

Farah Asyikin Abd Rahman; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin. Review of the AC Overhead Wires, the DC Third Rail and the DC Fourth Rail Transit Lines: Issues and Challenges. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 213277 -213295.

AMA Style

Farah Asyikin Abd Rahman, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, Miszaina Osman, Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin. Review of the AC Overhead Wires, the DC Third Rail and the DC Fourth Rail Transit Lines: Issues and Challenges. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):213277-213295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farah Asyikin Abd Rahman; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin. 2020. "Review of the AC Overhead Wires, the DC Third Rail and the DC Fourth Rail Transit Lines: Issues and Challenges." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 213277-213295.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2020 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Geomagnetic induced current (GIC) occurs as a direct consequence of abnormal space weather which starts from the sun and may flow into a power system network through neutral grounding connections. The flow of GIC through grounded neutral power transformer has been a major concern to researchers since it can potentially affect power system equipment. Most of the previous research was focused on high and mid latitude countries only. However, it has been proven that the GIC is not only limited to high and mid latitudes, but also extends to power systems at lower geographic latitudes. This paper aims to investigate the impacts of GIC on selected 275 kV subpower system networks in Peninsular Malaysia, which is among the low latitude countries. Its impact in terms of magnitude and duration is also assessed together with the use of neutral earthing resistor (NER) as a potential blocking component to reduce the impact of GIC on the Malaysian power system network. Results demonstrated that when GIC exists in the power system, power transformers undergo half-cycle saturation that may lead to a reactive power loss and power system voltage instability. In this case, the power transformer can only withstand a maximum GIC value of 7 A, and beyond this value, if prolonged, may lead to voltage instability. It turned out that GIC magnitude had more impact compared to duration. However, long duration with high magnitude of GIC is the most hazardous to power transformers and could potentially cause major faults in the power system network. As part of mitigation, NER with a value of 315.10 Ω can be used to limit the GIC current flow and thus provide protection to the power system network. Clearly, the issue of GIC undoubtedly affects the reliability, security and sustainability of power system operation, especially networks with highly critical load and capacity and, therefore, thorough studies are required to assess and mitigate this issue.

ACS Style

Anis Zawawi; Nur Ab Aziz; Mohd Ab Kadir; Halimatun Hashim; Zmnako Mohammed. Evaluation of Geomagnetic Induced Current on 275 kV Power Transformer for a Reliable and Sustainable Power System Operation in Malaysia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9225 .

AMA Style

Anis Zawawi, Nur Ab Aziz, Mohd Ab Kadir, Halimatun Hashim, Zmnako Mohammed. Evaluation of Geomagnetic Induced Current on 275 kV Power Transformer for a Reliable and Sustainable Power System Operation in Malaysia. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anis Zawawi; Nur Ab Aziz; Mohd Ab Kadir; Halimatun Hashim; Zmnako Mohammed. 2020. "Evaluation of Geomagnetic Induced Current on 275 kV Power Transformer for a Reliable and Sustainable Power System Operation in Malaysia." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9225.

Review
Published: 28 October 2020 in IEEE Access
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Geomagnetically induced current (GIC) has been a significant concern for the electrical power grid in high latitudes for decades. Its origin starts in the Sun; during extreme space weather, the magnetic field of the Earth varies rapidly. This variation induces electric fields at the Earth’s surface and leads to GICs in manmade technologies. Power systems are the most affected by this induced current, which causes half-cycle saturation of power transformers and other issues. Understanding the behaviours and chain effects of this phenomenon is the key consideration in modelling the hazards to technological systems from space weather. In this paper, a comprehensive review of space weather, geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) and GICs and their impacts on the power systems in both high and mid-low latitude regions is presented. Additionally, we highlight the most commonly used methods to model and calculate geoelectric fields at the Earth’s surface and GIC in the power systems with respect to DC and AC analysis. In addition, we have classified the GIC effects on the different power system components. Moreover, the possible solutions and mitigation techniques to eliminate or reduce these effects based on different GIC blocking devices are reviewed in this work. This work provides researchers and power system operators a shortcut road path to understanding GIC phenomena, modelling and calculations, effects, and mitigation of these effects.

ACS Style

Zmnako Mohammed Khurshid Abda; Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir; Zeti Akma Rhazali. A Review of Geomagnetically Induced Current Effects on Electrical Power System: Principles and Theory. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 200237 -200258.

AMA Style

Zmnako Mohammed Khurshid Abda, Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, Zeti Akma Rhazali. A Review of Geomagnetically Induced Current Effects on Electrical Power System: Principles and Theory. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():200237-200258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zmnako Mohammed Khurshid Abda; Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir; Zeti Akma Rhazali. 2020. "A Review of Geomagnetically Induced Current Effects on Electrical Power System: Principles and Theory." IEEE Access 8, no. : 200237-200258.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2020 in Nanotechnology
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Nur Aqilah Mohamad; Norhafiz Azis; Jasronita Jasni; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir; Robiah Yunus; Zaini Yaakub. Effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based Al2O3 nanofluids. Nanotechnology 2020, 31, 425708 .

AMA Style

Nur Aqilah Mohamad, Norhafiz Azis, Jasronita Jasni, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir, Robiah Yunus, Zaini Yaakub. Effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based Al2O3 nanofluids. Nanotechnology. 2020; 31 (42):425708.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nur Aqilah Mohamad; Norhafiz Azis; Jasronita Jasni; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir; Robiah Yunus; Zaini Yaakub. 2020. "Effect of surfactants on the lightning breakdown voltage of palm oil and coconut oil based Al2O3 nanofluids." Nanotechnology 31, no. 42: 425708.

Review
Published: 03 August 2020 in IEEE Access
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Substations are important parts of electric power systems, and they require well-designed grounding systems. A proper grounding system guarantees the safety of the personnel working in an environment surrounded by grounded equipment from possible electric shock, protects the equipment against unnecessary breakdowns, and conserves the stability of the entire electrical system throughout its operation. Grounding systems developed under power frequency conditions generally react differently under high frequency and transient conditions, such as switching transients and lightning strikes. This work reviews the modeling methods for substation grounding systems and their performance when grounding design parameters change under high frequency and transient fault conditions.

ACS Style

Navinesshani Permal; Miszaina Osman; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir; Azrul Mohd Ariffin. Review of Substation Grounding System Behavior Under High Frequency and Transient Faults in Uniform Soil. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 142468 -142482.

AMA Style

Navinesshani Permal, Miszaina Osman, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir, Azrul Mohd Ariffin. Review of Substation Grounding System Behavior Under High Frequency and Transient Faults in Uniform Soil. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):142468-142482.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Navinesshani Permal; Miszaina Osman; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir; Azrul Mohd Ariffin. 2020. "Review of Substation Grounding System Behavior Under High Frequency and Transient Faults in Uniform Soil." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 142468-142482.

Review
Published: 01 July 2020 in Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Reads 0
Downloads 0

This paper presents a review of an adaptive overcurrent protection scheme in a distribution network with the integration of distributed energy resources. The rapid integration of distributed energy resources brings challenges to the existing overcurrent protection system. The impacts are change in fault current magnitude and direction of current flow from radial to the multi-source dynamic network, which causes changes in network topology, inaccurate fault detection, and loss of coordination among protection systems. In this paper, the solution identified for reliable operation of overcurrent protection in the distribution network are network topology estimation, fault detection, and adaptive coordination.

ACS Style

Nur Aisyah Mohd Yusof; Zaipatimah Ali; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir. A review of adaptive overcurrent protection in distribution networks with integration of distributed energy resources. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 2020, 19, 140 -148.

AMA Style

Nur Aisyah Mohd Yusof, Zaipatimah Ali, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir. A review of adaptive overcurrent protection in distribution networks with integration of distributed energy resources. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. 2020; 19 (1):140-148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nur Aisyah Mohd Yusof; Zaipatimah Ali; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir. 2020. "A review of adaptive overcurrent protection in distribution networks with integration of distributed energy resources." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 1: 140-148.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2020 in IEEE Access
Reads 0
Downloads 0

This paper presents the investigation on the breakdown characteristics and pre-breakdown streamer propagation of Palm Oil (PO) impregnated aged pressboard under positive lightning impulse voltages. The experimental work was carried out under a non-uniform field with needle-plane electrodes configuration. The streamer stopping length and breakdown voltage of 2 types of refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil were examined in the presence of new and aged pressboards. The pressboard was placed in parallel to the needle-plane electrode at a gap distance of 50 mm. The lightning breakdown voltage was applied to the samples based on 1 shot per step rising voltage method under positive polarity as per IEC 60897. The presence of impregnated pressboard in both PO slightly increases the 50% positive lightning breakdown voltages. PO impregnated pressboards have lower 50% positive lightning breakdown voltages than MO. After subjected to ageing, the positive lightning breakdown voltages for PO and MO impregnated pressboards decrease. In the presence of aged pressboard, the streamers in PO generally propagate further than MO at the same voltage level.

ACS Style

Yee Von Thien; Norhafiz Azis; Jasronita Jasni; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir; Robiah Yunus; Zaini Yaakub. Pre-Breakdown Streamer Propagation and Positive Lightning Breakdown Characteristics of Palm Oil Impregnated Aged Pressboard. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 58836 -58844.

AMA Style

Yee Von Thien, Norhafiz Azis, Jasronita Jasni, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, Robiah Yunus, Zaini Yaakub. Pre-Breakdown Streamer Propagation and Positive Lightning Breakdown Characteristics of Palm Oil Impregnated Aged Pressboard. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):58836-58844.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yee Von Thien; Norhafiz Azis; Jasronita Jasni; Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir; Robiah Yunus; Zaini Yaakub. 2020. "Pre-Breakdown Streamer Propagation and Positive Lightning Breakdown Characteristics of Palm Oil Impregnated Aged Pressboard." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 58836-58844.