The influence of the polymeric modifier of polyvinyl chloride on the structuring of unsaturated polyester resins has been investigated. It is established that the introduction of 2–5 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride into a polyester composite accelerates the process of gelation and shortens the time of microgelation of the polyester. The influence of polyvinyl chloride on the structure coefficient, surface hardness, and strength of adhesive bonds and technological shrinkage of modified polyester composites has been revealed.

Metal-filled composites based on polypropylene waste have been successfully obtained with an injection molding method of metalized polymer raw materials. Using the model polymer, the peculiarities of the formation of the copper layer in solutions of chemical metallization on the polypropylene surface were investigated and the main factors influencing this process were established. The main influence on the rate of reduction of copper in solutions of chemical metallization has the concentration of copper sulfate, sodium hydroxide, and EDTA-Na₂. It was shown that the efficiency of the copper plating process also strongly depends on polymer processing, which follows the activation. In case of the use of simple activation, it is not possible to obtain metalized raw materials with high efficiency. Additional processing of activated polymer raw materials is required to carry out the process with high efficiency. The amount of reduced copper on the polymer surface can be adjusted by changing the concentration of the components of the chemical metallization solution, as well as the degree of loading of the polymer raw material. Examination by electron scanning microscopy of the obtained metalized polypropylene showed that the copper coating on the polymer particles is formed with a high degree of surface coverage. The formed copper coating is free of copper oxides, which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies and analysis of the spectrum of characteristic X-rays. Metal-filled composites have been characterized by the effect of copper on mechanical and rheological (MFR) properties. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric (TG) methods show a certain effect of metal on the magnitude of thermal effects and the rate of weight loss.

The possibility of formation of coatings based on co-polymers 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate with polyvinylpirrolidone on different nature surfaces is determined. It is investigated, that adsorption of liquid compositions components to surface-base affects the formation of coating from such compositions. The composite metal-filled coatings are obtained on the basis of synthesized polymers. Such coatings are characterized by variable conductivity dependently on moisture content, pH and low-molecular substances availability.

Influence of concentration of components of chemical metallization solutions on the process of copper reduction on activated polyvinylchloride surface has been studied. It has been established that changes in concentrations of copper sulfate, trilon B and formaldehyde can effectively influence the metallization process. It was shown that the loss of stability of chemical metallization solutions and formation of colloidal solutions makes it is impossible to obtain a metallized polymeric material since copper reduction occurs in the solution volume. Copper reduction in the solution volume occurs because of presence of insoluble colloidal particles of copper hydroxide which are centers of nucleation of copper reduction. At such centers, copper reduction occurs as a result of reaction with formaldehyde and is accompanied by high volumes of hydrogen evolvement. It has been established that the formation of copper coating on an activated polymer surface occurs only with the use of true chemical metallization solutions. The main factor determining stability of chemical metallization solutions is complexing. It was shown that trilon B concentration under 40 mmol/l is not sufficient to bind all Cu²⁺ ions in a complex which prevents formation of insoluble copper hydroxide in an alkaline medium. The growth of trilon B concentration above 53 mmol/l results in reduction of a portion of copper in a form of hydroxide and formation of true solutions. It has been established that concentration of copper sulfate and alkali exerts the main influence on the mechanism of copper reduction in the case of true solutions. The growth of pH of chemical metallization solutions above 12 brings about an increase in the portion of copper that is reduced by the exchange reaction with zinc.

Technological features in obtaining highly effective hydrogel dressings for medical purposes

We present kinetic patterns of metallization of zinc-activated polyvinylchloride in the solution of chemical copper plating. The influence was studied of pH of the medium and the amount of metal of the activator on the copper deposition rate on the activated polymeric surface. It was established that in the case of activation of the polymeric surface with zinc, the solution undergoes two competing reactions of copper reduction. By using a volumetric method, we determined that pH of the medium exerts a decisive impact on the reduction mechanism of copper. It is proved that with the growth of pH in the solutions of chemical copper plating and the amount of metal-activator, the amount of copper reduced as a result of exchange reaction with zinc increases. The optimal pH of the solutions for the course of reaction of copper reduction by formaldehyde is 12. The obtained samples of metallized powder-like polyvinylchloride contain a significant quantity of copper on the surface and could be used to create metal-filled composites.The research conducted allows us to establish optimal conditions and effectively influence the copper reduction process on the activated polymeric surface in the solutions of chemical metallization. By changing the speed and efficiency of copper deposition on the polymeric surface, it is possible to control the content of metal in polymeric composites that are obtained from such materials, and thus control their properties