This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
The dynamic stability of out-of-plane masonry walls can be assessed through non-linear dynamic analysis (rocking analysis), accounting for transverse walls, horizontal diaphragms and tie-rods. Steel tie-rods are widely spread in historical constructions to prevent dangerous overturning mechanisms and can be simulated by proper elasto-plastic models. Conventionally, design guidelines suggest intensity-based assessment methods, where the seismic demand distribution directly depends upon the selected intensity measure level. Fragility analysis could also be employed as a more advanced procedure able to assess the seismic vulnerability in a probabilistic manner. The boundedness of this approach is herein overcome by applying a robust stochastic seismic performance assessment to obtain seismic demand hazard curves. A sensitivity study is carried out to account for the influence of wall geometry, the minimum number of seismic inputs, and the mechanical parameters of tie-rods. Fragility analysis, prior to seismic demand hazard analysis is applied on over 6000 analyses, revealing that intensity measures are poorly correlated both for 1-D and 2-D correlation, hardly leading to the selection of the optimal intensity measure. The tie-rod ductility, followed by its axial strength and wall size, is the mechanical parameter mostly influencing the results, whereas the wall slenderness does not play a significant role in the probabilistic response.
Fabio Solarino; Linda Giresini. Fragility curves and seismic demand hazard analysis of rocking walls restrained with elasto‐plastic ties. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleFabio Solarino, Linda Giresini. Fragility curves and seismic demand hazard analysis of rocking walls restrained with elasto‐plastic ties. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Solarino; Linda Giresini. 2021. "Fragility curves and seismic demand hazard analysis of rocking walls restrained with elasto‐plastic ties." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics , no. : 1.
This paper presents an innovative anti-seismic device for controlling the out-of-plane rocking motion of masonry walls with traditional tie-rods, called LInear COntrolled Rocking Device (LICORD). LICORD is a low-impact box connected to the extremity of the traditional tie-rod designed to mitigate rocking for medium–high intensity earthquakes. Additionally, the paper widens the knowledge about the dynamic behavior of rocking walls through the interpretation of the results of an extensive experimental campaign performed on masonry specimens composed by clay brick and cementitious mortar. Firstly, the LICORD’s single components are tested to identify their stiffness and damping properties. Secondly, free vibration tests provide actual values of coefficients of restitution on free-standing walls and walls restrained by LICORD, where the walls vary for the height to thickness ratio. For the stockier wall, the ratio of experimental/analytical coefficient of restitution varies from 88 to 98%, whereas for the slender wall, the results are less scattered, with a minimum value of 95% and a maximum value of 96%. The restrained walls are characterized by coefficients of restitution from 5 to 25% less than the values found for unrestrained walls, depending on the equivalent viscous coefficient of the shock absorbers. Moreover, LICORD demonstrated to properly absorb and damp the oscillations of the wall and control its rocking motion, strongly reducing the number of impacts and the rotation amplitudes up to 70%. Considerations about the effect of one-sided motion on the assessment of coefficient of restitution are also given. The equivalent viscous damping coefficients are observed to be on the range 4% (unrestrained wall) and 7–20% for walls restrained by LICORD.
Linda Giresini; Fabio Solarino; Francesca Taddei; Gerhard Mueller. Experimental estimation of energy dissipation in rocking masonry walls restrained by an innovative seismic dissipator (LICORD). Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 2021, 19, 2265 -2289.
AMA StyleLinda Giresini, Fabio Solarino, Francesca Taddei, Gerhard Mueller. Experimental estimation of energy dissipation in rocking masonry walls restrained by an innovative seismic dissipator (LICORD). Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2021; 19 (5):2265-2289.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinda Giresini; Fabio Solarino; Francesca Taddei; Gerhard Mueller. 2021. "Experimental estimation of energy dissipation in rocking masonry walls restrained by an innovative seismic dissipator (LICORD)." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 5: 2265-2289.
Wall-to-horizontal diaphragm connections play a crucial role in the global stability of historical buildings under seismic actions. When these links are ineffective or absent, engineered measures should be considered to enhance the earthquake-resistant box-type behavior. Besides the great variety on the construction systems and materials, common damages were observed in recent seismic events showing the high vulnerability of local mechanisms promoted by the lack of structural integrity. Although the acknowledged importance of connections, this topic has been practically neglected over time among the research community and practitioners and only few of them focused on the influence of diaphragm-to-wall connections on the dynamic behavior of the building as a whole. This paper presents a literature review of the traditional wall-to-floor or wall-to-roof connections in unreinforced masonry buildings and summarizes typical and innovative strengthening solutions, taking into account the indications provided by the few design codes addressing this topic. Experimental laboratory researches are investigated, including shaking table tests on global and local scale, and cyclic or monotonic tests to characterize anchoring systems. An overview of the typical vulnerability assessment approaches and modelling techniques is given, considering present standards that account for connections.
Fabio Solarino; Daniel Oliveira; Linda Giresini. Wall-to-horizontal diaphragm connections in historical buildings: A state-of-the-art review. Engineering Structures 2019, 199, 109559 .
AMA StyleFabio Solarino, Daniel Oliveira, Linda Giresini. Wall-to-horizontal diaphragm connections in historical buildings: A state-of-the-art review. Engineering Structures. 2019; 199 ():109559.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Solarino; Daniel Oliveira; Linda Giresini. 2019. "Wall-to-horizontal diaphragm connections in historical buildings: A state-of-the-art review." Engineering Structures 199, no. : 109559.
This paper examines the dynamic behaviour of timber framed buildings under wind and dynamic loads, focusing on the role of connections being experimentally tested. The main aim of this manuscript is to analyze the in-service dynamic behaviour of a semi-rigid moment-resisting dowel-type connection between timber beam and column. For this purpose, two laboratory tests have been performed, the first on a connection and another one on a portal frame. The results are used to validate a numerical model of the simple portal frame, analyzed in OpenSees. The obtained relationships are also discussed and compared with Eurocode rules. The main result is that the joint stiffness is calculated through the Eurocode (EC) formulation underestimates the experimental one. A mutual agreement is obtained between the numerical model, validated from the experimental stiffness value for the connections, and the experimental results on the portal frame.
Fabio Solarino; Linda Giresini; Wen-Shao Chang; Haoyu Huang. Experimental Tests on a Dowel-Type Timber Connection and Validation of Numerical Models. Buildings 2017, 7, 116 .
AMA StyleFabio Solarino, Linda Giresini, Wen-Shao Chang, Haoyu Huang. Experimental Tests on a Dowel-Type Timber Connection and Validation of Numerical Models. Buildings. 2017; 7 (4):116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Solarino; Linda Giresini; Wen-Shao Chang; Haoyu Huang. 2017. "Experimental Tests on a Dowel-Type Timber Connection and Validation of Numerical Models." Buildings 7, no. 4: 116.