The use of titanium as a biomaterial for the treatment of dental implants has been successful and has become the most viable and common option. However, in the last three decades, new alternatives have emerged, such as polymers that could replace metallic materials. The aim of this research work is to demonstrate the structural effects caused by the fatigue phenomenon and the comparison with polymeric materials that may be biomechanically viable by reducing the stress shielding effect at the bone–implant interface. A numerical simulation was performed using the finite element method. Variables such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s coefficient, density, yield strength, ultimate strength, and the S-N curve were included. Prior to the simulation, a representative digital model of both a dental implant and the bone was developed. A maximum load of 550 N was applied, and the analysis was considered linear, homogeneous, and isotropic. The results obtained allowed us to observe the mechanical behavior of the dental implant by means of displacements and von Mises forces. They also show the critical areas where the implant tends to fail due to fatigue. Finally, this type of non-destructive analysis proves to be versatile, avoids experimentation on people and/or animals, and reduces costs, and the iteration is unlimited in evaluating various structural parameters (geometry, materials, properties, etc.).

Traumatic cervical pathology is an injury that emerges due to trauma or being subjected to constant impact loading, affecting the ligaments, muscles, bones, and spinal cord. In contact sports (the practice of American football, karate, boxing, and motor sports, among others), the reporting of this type of injury is very common. Therefore, it is imperative to have preventive measures so players do not suffer from such injuries, since bad practices or accidents can put their lives at risk. This research evaluated cervical and skull biomechanical responses during a frontal impact, taking into consideration injury caused by wear on the intervertebral disc. Intervertebral disc wear is a degenerative condition that affects human mobility; it is common in people who practice contact sports and it can influence the response of the cervical system to an impact load. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the effects caused by impact loading and strains generated throughout the bone structure (composed of the skull and the cervical spine). The numerical evaluation was developed using the finite element method and the construction of the biomodel from computational axial tomography. In addition, the numerical simulation allowed us to observe how the intervertebral disc’s wear affected the cervical region’s biomechanical response. In addition, a comparison could be made between a healthy system and a disc that had suffered wear. Finally, the analysis provided information valuable to understanding how an impact, force-related injury can be affected and enabled us to propose better physiotherapeutic procedures.

In motorsports, the correct design of every device that constitutes a vehicle is a significant task for engineers because the car’s efficiency on the track depends on making it competitive. However, the physical integrity of the pilot is also at stake, since a bad vehicle design can cause serious mishaps. To achieve the correct development of a front wing for a single-seater vehicle, it is necessary to adequately simulate the forces that are generated on a car to evaluate its performance, which depends on the aerodynamic forces of the front wing that are present due to its geometry. This work provided a new design and evaluation through the numerical analysis of three new front wings for single-seater vehicles that comply with the regulations issued by the International Automobile Federation (FIA) for the 2022 season. Additionally, a 3D-printed front wing prototype was developed to be evaluated in an experimental study to corroborate the results obtained through computer simulations. A wind tunnel experiment test was performed to validate the numerically simulated data. Also, we developed a numerical simulation and characterization of three front wings already used in Formula One from a previous season (the end of the 2021 season). This work defined how these devices perform, and in the same way, it identified how their evolution over time has provided them with substantial benefits and greater efficiency. All the numerical simulations were carried out by applying the Finite Volume Method, allowing us to obtain the values of the aerodynamic forces that act on the front wing. Also, it was possible to establish a comparison between the three newly designed proposals from the most aerodynamic advantages to produce a prototype and perform an experimental test. The results of the experimental test showed similarity to those of the numerical analyses, making it clear that the methodology followed during the development of the work was correct. In addition, the mechanical designs carried out to develop the front wing can be considered ideal, because the results showed that the front wing could be competitive, and applying it caused a downforce to be favored that prevented the car from being thrown off the track. Additionally, the results indicate this is an effective proposal for use in a single-seater vehicle and that the design methodology delivers optimal results.

The last change in the technical regulations of Formula One that came into force in 2022 brought with it significant changes in the aerodynamics of the vehicle; among these, those made to the front wing stand out since the wing was changed to a more straightforward shape with fewer parts but with no less efficiency. The reduction in its components suggests that if one part were to suffer damage or break down, the efficiency of the entire front wing would be affected; however, from 2022 to date, there have been occasions in which the cars have continued running on the track despite losing some of the endplates. This research seeks to understand the endplates’ impact on the front wing through a series of CFD simulations using the k-ω SST turbulence model. To determine efficiency, the aerodynamic forces generated on the vehicle’s front wing, suspension, and front wheels were compared in two different operating situations using a model with the front wing in good condition and another in which the endplates were removed. The first case study simulated a straight line at a maximum speed where the Downforce is reduced by 2.716% while the Drag and Yaw increase by 7.092% and 96.332%, respectively, when the model does not have endplates. On the other hand, the second case study was the passage through a curve with a decrease of 17.707% in Downforce, 6.532% in Drag, and 22.200% in Yaw.

The main topic of this research work is essentially about what can happen to the spine when subjected to an axial load and the damage caused when the mechanical load capacity of the intervertebral discs is exceeded, giving the focus to the analysis by introducing it in the context of sports, in this case, weight lifting. The approach focuses on biomechanics, specifically how a weight affects the biological structure during a free squat. This common weightlifting exercise involves lowering the body into a seated position and then standing back up, with an Olympic bar supported on the T1 vertebra, with the purpose of creating an approach to understanding how the spine and intervertebral discs are directly affected. For this, a methodology is presented through which the model is obtained, its validation and the application of analysis through numerical simulation. Subsequently, the behaviour of the spinal column under pressure at different levels of force is observed and qualified. Various configurations of the spine were analysed, including the distribution of forces in the intervertebral discs and adjacent joints, using a 3D biomodel subjected to analysis in the finite element software ANSYS. The results show the effect that excessive forces can cause, giving way to injuries with a significant increase in pressure on the intervertebral discs, but mainly allowing the identification of critical areas where disc herniations can originate. This numerical simulation study seeks to prevent harmful conditions in the field of fitness by providing relevant information on possible spinal column injuries in loading scenarios, which could help in a better understanding and diagnosis of unexpected injuries.